The annual report has been drawn up and submitted, the first quarter is closed. It's time to catch up and tighten up those areas of accounting that remained on the list of future cases.
Why is this needed?
Most chief accountants ignore or do little to reflect information on off-balance sheet accounts. Of course, any accounting is a laborious process that requires time, effort and other resources (including money). And accounting should not turn into a company accounting for the sake of accounting. The main task is to control the property / liabilities of the company and provide information on them to managers. In this case, the main rule must be observed - the costs of accounting should not be more than the benefits of it. The establishment and maintenance of off-balance sheet accounting in the company should be carried out primarily in accordance with this rule.Since the end of 2000, there have been no changes in off-balance sheet accounts in accounting for commercial organizations. Accounts, according to the standard chart of accounts, as it was 11, it remains. But for colleagues working in the public sector, this section of accounting changes every year and grows before our eyes. Today, state employees use accounts from 01 to 42 for off-balance accounting. By the way, it is in budget accounting that you can peep the methodology for some areas for your company. For example, if the rules of work are not defined for commercial accounting and are left at the mercy of the chief accountant when drawing up an accounting policy.
You probably have a question - why does the chief accountant of a commercial organization need this, and what does state employees have to do with it? For those companies whose activities are not associated with strict off-balance sheet accounting regulations (for example, commission trading), at first glance, there really is no need for off-balance sheet accounting. This is not true.
Firstly, the chief accountants who have been audited know that without the proper state of off-balance sheet accounting, the auditors' conclusion will not be ideal.
There is no direct responsibility for the lack of off-balance sheet accounting. On the other hand, there is an administrative responsibility for not reflecting information in accounting by indicators if they hide at least 10% of the value. The penalty will be under Art. 15.11 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
Secondly, recently there has been a tendency that the tax authorities with particular predilection check the maintenance of off-balance sheet accounting. And this is logical, they are checked by the state and annually strengthen control over off-balance accounts. Tax authorities, by analogy with their checks on the knurled paths, begin to make similar requests, adjusted for commercial accounting.
You can get a variety of questions from fiscals. Where in the balance sheet is the room in which your employees work? If it is not in the register, does it mean that your employees are sitting on the street or working from home? And if the premises are not accounted for, then how can rent expenses be included in income tax expenses? No property on the balance sheet - no expenses. Further justifications and objections will already be in court. The current judicial practice on off-balance sheet accounting is not always on the side of taxpayers.
Thirdly, off-balance sheet accounting makes it possible to bring together accounting and management accounting.
Management likes to ask the accountant quite logical questions. A laptop worth less than 40 thousand rubles is not reflected in the accounting, as it was written off to materials, and then to costs. So the laptop no longer belongs to the company and any employee can take it home? The purchase of a package of office programs was made several years ago, and after it left the account of deferred expenses, this license was not accounted for. But management wants to see the number and timing of these licenses on the balance sheet.
Where to begin?
To set up off-balance sheet accounting, it is necessary to determine the range of those assets and liabilities that the company decides to take into account off-balance sheet.The rules for maintaining off-balance accounts must be approved in the accounting policy. Ideally, corporate accounting principles are drawn up for accounting policies, including for off-balance accounts.
For example, the corporate accounting principle "Accounting on off-balance accounts" is introduced, approved by the company's chief accountant. Where will there be detailed instructions for the accountant in this area on reflecting information on the balance sheet.
The starting point for reflecting information in off-balance sheet accounting is the inventory and preparation of relevant documents. An order is issued, an inventory of assets and liabilities to be reflected off the balance sheet is made. On the basis of the collation statement, information is entered into the account.
Let me remind you that the data behind the balance sheet is reflected off-system. Receipt - by debit, write-off - by credit. Accordingly, there can be no credit balance on an off-balance sheet account. At the same time, the data on off-balance accounts do not affect the amount of the balance sheet. When compiling reports, information about property off the balance sheet is reflected in the Explanations. Each transaction on non-balance accounts must be documented. And the rules for the inventory of assets and liabilities apply to off-balance accounts.
What is usually taken into account?
I propose to consider the most common assets and liabilities that find a place for reflection off the balance sheet. This list is not a guide to action. These are the most common situations that most companies have.Account 001 "Leased fixed assets"
A) We reflect the premises that we rent. The basis for reflection is the act of acceptance and transfer of the premises, which is signed at the conclusion of the contract. Most often, there is no information about the cost of premises in the contract. You can ask the landlord for information about the cost, but most likely you will be refused. It makes no sense to order an appraiser for money in this case, you can use a conditional assessment. For example, 1 rub. for each rented square meter. The main thing is to prescribe the rules of imputation in the accounting policy or corporate accounting principles.
B) Property transferred together with the leased premises, in accordance with the act of acceptance and transfer. These can be air conditioners, blinds, tables, cabinets, etc.
C) Floor coolers received from suppliers for a fee or a bonus received to the water consumed in bottles of 18.9 liters. Accounting is carried out according to the act of acceptance and transfer of equipment at the time of receipt of the cooler from the supplier. This act, as a rule, indicates the collateral value at which the cooler is reflected off the balance sheet.
Account 002 "Inventory accepted for safekeeping"
Most often, 18.9 liter bottles for the cooler are taken into account here. On the day the water is brought in, the supplier, in addition to the standard invoice, attaches an incoming invoice for bottles and an outgoing invoice (or a combined version). The collateral value of the bottles can be specified either in these incoming and outgoing invoices or in the contract.
Another most common example of what is accounted for on account 002 is carpets that are owned by a cleaning company. These rugs are regularly changed on the basis of acceptance certificates.
Account 006 "Forms of strict reporting"
Usually, SSOs are taken into account in the imputed valuation, and the amount to be recorded in the accounting is determined by the direct counting method.
Typical transactions that are recorded on account 006:
Checkbooks received by the organization from the bank;
Forms of work books and inserts to them;
Subscriptions to be issued;
Blank forms of diplomas and certificates.
Less trivial use cases for account 006:
Writs of execution for employees (on which alimony is paid);
Sick leave sheets (those brought by employees after the closure of the sick leave);
Constituent documents (TIN, OGRN, record sheets, etc.).
The usefulness of this accounting lies in the ability to track the persons responsible for storing these documents.
Account 007 “Debt of insolvent debtors written off at a loss”
A written off receivable is shown. The period of reflection on the account is within 5 years. The basis for reflection in accounting will be an accounting statement and an order to write off the debt.
Account 008 “Securities for obligations and payments received”
Received guarantees, after receiving a document, for example, from a bank confirming these guarantees, should be reflected in account 008. Most often, companies whose buyers are state-owned companies face bank guarantees.
Account 009 “Securities for obligations and payments issued”
In the case when our company is a guarantor, this information must be reflected in account 009, in the amount of this guarantee. The basis for the reflection of information in accounting will be the contract.
What is usually not taken into account?
After the list of standard off-balance accounts approved by order 94n has ended, the company can add its off-balance accounts to the working chart of accounts. Do not forget that these innovations must be properly documented in the accounting policy. I propose to look at possible options for using additional accounts.| Account number | Account name | What counts | Reflection examples |
| 012 | Intangible assets received for use under license (sublicense) agreements | Any non-exclusive rights | A) The company bought the right to use the font B) Acquisition of an antivirus program C) Purchasing accounting software |
| 013 | Corporate cards | ||
| 013.1 | Corporate client cards | Cards issued for employees | A) A card issued by a wholesale store for the possibility of making purchases B) A card to a fitness club paid by the company C) VHI policy issued to an employee at the expense of the company |
| 013.2 | Fuel cards | Valid fuel cards issued to employees | Car refueling cards |
| 013.3 | Passes | Electronic access cards for employees to the workplace | Passes issued to employees |
| 014 | Inventories (useful life more than 12 months) | ||
| 014.1 | Inventory and household supplies | Furniture and office equipment used by employees, which is not included in fixed assets on account 01 | Tables, chairs, laptops, computers, printers |
| 014.2 | Seals and stamps | Responsible sign in the register of seals and stamps | Facsimile, prints, reprints |
| 014.3 | Stationery | Stationery deducted from the bill of materials that last more than 12 months | Calculators, hole punchers, brochure machines |
| 014.4 | Rutoken, USB keys | Media containing EDS | Keys for the client bank, electronic reporting, access to electronic platforms |
| 014.5 | Flash media | Recordable media | Removable hard drives and flash drives |
| 015 | Leased telecommunications resources | ||
| 015.1 | Domain names | Company leased domain names | Domain names |
| 015.2 | City phone numbers | List of numbers received by the company for use | Register of numbers |
| 015.3 | Mobile phone numbers | Similar to 015.2 | Similar to 015.2 |
| 015.4 | Social networks | List of social networks that officially have an account | List as a register |
| 015.5 | Email addresses | List of postal addresses formed for the use of the company | Registry of work e-mails |
| 016 | Periodicals for use | ||
| 016.1 | Printed periodicals for use | The library fund acquired by the company | Heralds purchased in cases where it is necessary to publish announcements of events in the company |
| 016.2 | Electronic periodicals for use | Company access to electronic journals | Subscription to the electronic version of the journal |
The table shows that, depending on the tasks set and the specifics of the company, the list of accounts behind the balance sheet can grow. The resulting off-balance sheet information allows management to look for reserves. And off-balance sheet accounting itself can be used as a budgetary tool for strengthening control over available resources.
Enterprises and other legal entities need to carry out accounting. taking into account all its obligations only because in the course of their functioning a huge variety of various operations are performed. Off-balance sheet liabilities are no exception. This makes it possible to keep under control all transactions with property objects that are not property, but are in temporary possession.
General concepts
An organization's off-balance sheet liabilities are its debts, the fulfillment of which is guaranteed by the available values, which are accounted for outside the balance sheet.
This method of control and tracking applies to obligations arising from contracts or unforeseen circumstances.
To account for each specific type of obligation, there is a separate line in the reporting. Thus, contracts are concentrated in position 03. The correct reflection of information makes it possible to quickly track the timeliness of the execution of transactions, the volume of obligations to counterparties in the process of being realized, etc. The same line accumulates information about derivatives (options, forwards, futures), etc. .
The term "derivative" itself implies a document of a certain standard, which confirms the existence of rights or obligations to make a transaction for the purchase or sale of a security, and other assets, both tangible and not. Classified into:
- Stock.
- Currency.
- Commodity.
Cancellation of contractual obligations from the accounting account is carried out, provided that it has been fulfilled or there has been a refusal of such, it has been transferred, including on a reimbursable basis, to a third party by virtue of the contract, or the organization has been liquidated.
Off-balance sheet liabilities involve settlements with funds that are not on the balance sheet
If we are talking about an analytical obligation, then line 04 and subaccount 042 are provided for it. The last position contains information about obligations that are probable. That is, they arise from already existing contracts and transactions, but will come only if some circumstance occurs or not. In fact, contingent liabilities have three characteristics:
- The existence of a circumstance.
- Uncertainty of its outcome.
- Decision of uncertainty adjusted for one or more probable variables.
Accounting for such obligations is due to the fact that there may always be a need for waste, such as losses, but before the moment of their occurrence, the subject is completely uncertain.
As soon as there is no need to record them (i.e., the event has been resolved), the obligations are written off.
Economic entity
The term off-balance sheet obligations is not entirely correct and does not reflect the essence, since in the literal sense, an obligation is nothing more than debts that should be listed in the accounting department on the balance sheet accounts. In fact, we are talking about assets that are designed to guarantee the proper execution of agreements on transactions with counterparties, and are taken into account outside the balance sheet.
A more relevant term in this case would be "off-balance sheet collateral". Equipment, transport, bank guarantees, real estate, etc. can serve as collateral subject to such accounting.
The specificity of the collateral is that for the period of using the assets as a guarantor, the company cannot use them in other directions. As soon as the obligation is fulfilled in full and in fact the legal relationship with the counterparty is resolved, as it was determined in the agreements, the asset is released from encumbrance and remains with the subject. If there were violations of the execution of the transaction by the contractor, then the property acting as a guarantor will be transferred to the partner under the contract on the basis of ownership.
Funds that are necessary for the fulfillment of obligations cannot be used in other directions
An off-balance sheet obligation in the common people is a deposit (pledge, advance), which is accepted by the partner for a while and remains either for a while until the transaction is completed, or on an ongoing basis if the counterparty fails to fulfill its part of the contract.
What is reflected in the balance
The list of assets that are reflected with particularities is provided for in the instruction approved by Order No. 94 of the Ministry of Finance in 2000. So, subject to off-balance sheet accounting:
- leased fixed assets (the amount is determined by the provisions of the agreement);
- auxiliary (raw) materials received from the counterparty for processing;
- commission goods to be sold;
- contractor's equipment provided for installation;
- strict reporting forms;
- overdue debt that has been written off and is subject to analysis for another 5 years from that moment;
- fixed assets that are subject to depreciation (capital buildings, etc.).
In practice, most business entities have problems with accounting, which leads to difficulties and controversial issues in taxation.
Features of accounting for off-balance sheet liabilities
Double entry does not apply to accounting for off-balance sheet liabilities. This means that there is no correspondence on balance sheet accounts or other off-balance items.
In fact, accounting occurs in two main positions:
- 008 - collateral received;
- 009 - issued collateral.
Off-balance obligations have their own characteristics of reflection in accounting
Analytics is carried out for each security, both outgoing and incoming. In some cases, it is required to use postings and balance accounts, these are, for example, cases of using cash as collateral (posting Dt 51 Kt 76).
Such accounting is designed to distinguish between property that is a guarantor of obligations, from that which belongs to the company on the right of ownership. Balance sheet also helps to record the fact of receipt and issuance of obligations.
Tax component when accounting for off-balance sheet liabilities
Temporarily entrusted property and other assets (rent, leasing, etc.) of the enterprise are subject to off-balance sheet accounting. In the same way, some contingent liabilities are controlled (guarantee, overdue and impossible to repay receivables, etc.). There are peculiar nuances regarding the taxation of such obligations.
Thus, it is better to declare a deduction for assets (primarily goods) after the contractual legal relationship is completed and the ownership transfers in full.
VAT can be requested to be deducted from the value of the property as soon as it is registered and it is planned to use it in activities that are already subject to the corresponding tax, provided that the payer has an invoice. This is a general rule and it does not indicate the type of accounting - balance sheet or not.
Back in 2004, the Russian Ministry of Finance, using the example of leasing, explained that the moment of transfer of rights to property does not matter for the application of the corresponding institution, i.e., in fact, it can be deducted already when it is registered off-balance sheet. The same applied to equipment purchased outside the country. In parallel, the same department explained that it is legal to declare a deduction after the asset is transferred to fixed assets.
The last point in this contradiction was put by the courts, they took the side of economic entities, arguing that the key point is the registration itself, the type of accounting is not so important.
With regard to income tax, the pledge (deposit) is not taken into account when calculating it. This follows from the nature of such receipts, which act as a guarantor of the fulfillment of obligations and cannot be used by the recipient until the end of the transaction. After all, violations of agreements can be both on the part of the mortgagor and on the part of the pledgee, and only by the results of the implementation of bilateral agreements will it be clear whether there are violations and on whose side, and accordingly it will be determined which of the counterparties will receive the specified amount.
Liabilities should also be taken into account when paying taxes.
Value added tax on the deposit is subject to accrual. This position was taken by the entire fiscal department. This follows from subclause 2, clause 1, 162 of the domestic tax code. The majority of courts do not share this position, still arguing that the amount is a security deposit (subject to return under certain circumstances), and is not a means of payment.
It is more difficult to tax such amounts with simplification, because income and expenses are controlled through the cash desk. The Ministry of Finance explained that the deposit does not need to be included in the receipt if it was returned upon the expiration of the contractual obligations.
When calculating income tax, the pledgor must not take into account security amounts in the base of expenses. Because with the proper implementation of the contract, this is an advance, and if there are violations and the deposit goes to the counterparty, they are subject to recognition as donated property.
In legal relations with individuals, in which there is a transfer of collateral (deposit, etc.), personal income tax is paid only if the indicated amounts are transferred to his personal account. If separate records of such transfers are kept, then there is no such obligation until the completion of the transaction.
You can learn about off-balance accounts from the video:
Attention! Due to recent changes in legislation, the legal information in this article may be out of date!
Off-balance sheet accounting of property: nuances and postings
Own fixed assets, materials, goods and other material assets of the company are accounted for in the relevant accounts. Sometimes an organization rents or leases fixed assets, uses customer materials for production, accepts goods on commission - these and other similar operations should be reflected in off-balance accounts. In addition, very often accountants have to keep records of low-value fixed assets behind the balance sheet. How to organize off-balance sheet accounting, in what cases it is necessary and what postings to reflect off-balance sheet operations, we will tell in the article.
The chart of accounts provides for 11 off-balance accounts - they take into account property and liabilities. Accounting on off-balance accounts is carried out without the use of double entry. Off-balance sheet accounts are not closed at the end of the year. Consider the accounting of various types of property on off-balance accounts.
Off-balance sheet accounting of fixed assets
Fixed assets should be taken into account in the balance sheet in several cases.
Fixed assets worth up to 40,000 rubles
Perhaps the most common situation for accounting for fixed assets off the balance sheet can be considered the accounting for assets worth up to 40,000 rubles.
Recall that fixed assets no more than 40,000 rubles can be written off at a time as expenses in accounting (clause 5 of PBU 6/01). First, such assets are credited to the inventory account (account 10), and then written off to expense accounts (accounts 20, 25, 26, etc.). When writing off low-value fixed assets from the balance sheet, the question arises of monitoring the safety of property. This is where off-balance sheet accounts come in handy.
The chart of accounts does not provide for an off-balance sheet account for accounting for assets written off the balance sheet. The company has the right to independently enter a new off-balance account by assigning a code to it (for example, account 015 “Property worth up to 40,000 rubles”). Information about the created off-balance accounts should be reflected in the accounting policy of the enterprise.
Example. The company purchased a director's chair for 24,780 rubles, including VAT of 3,780 rubles. According to the accounting policy, the company writes off such assets to off-balance sheet account 015. The entries will be as follows:
Debit 10 Credit 60 - 21,000 - the chair was credited as part of inventories
Debit 19 Credit 60 - 3,780 - allocated VAT
Debit 68 Credit 19 - 3 780 - VAT deductible
Debit 44 Credit 10 - 21,000 - the cost of the chair is charged to the costs of the trading company
Debit 015 - 21 000 - the chair is taken into account for the balance
When the chair becomes unusable, it should be written off the off-balance sheet by posting:
Loan 015 – 21 000
When conducting an inventory, you should also take into account off-balance sheet accounting data.
Fixed assets under a lease or lease agreement
Off-balance accounts will be needed by tenants and landlords. To keep records of leased objects prescribes par. 7 p. 32 PBU 6/01. In the appendices to the financial statements, the accountant is also required to disclose information on leased fixed assets (paragraph 27 of PBU 4/99). The absence of off-balance accounting with a significant share of such objects can lead to fines (Article 15.11 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, Article 120 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
Tenants rent various objects - from office space to production equipment. On the basis of a lease or leasing agreement, the lessee (lessee) must register the received fixed assets. For this, a special account 001 "Rented fixed assets" is provided. The lessee takes into account the received property on his balance sheet, if the agreement provides that the property is recorded on the balance sheet of the lessor.
Leased objects are accepted for off-balance accounting at the price specified in the contract. The absence of the value of the property in the lease agreement is not an obstacle to reflecting the object off the balance sheet. Analytical accounting is usually kept by types of fixed assets and lessors.
When a leased asset is received, a posting is made:
Upon disposal of the leased object (returning it to the lessor), you need to make a reverse entry:
Loan 001
Off-balance sheet accounting will confirm the expediency of lease payments transferred to the lessor. With reliable off-balance sheet accounting, the tenant will be able to reasonably write off the amount of lease payments to expenses.
Lessors also keep records of fixed assets if, under the terms of the agreement, the property is recorded on the balance sheet of the lessee (lessee). Account 011 “Fixed assets leased out” is intended for accounting.
Off-balance sheet accounting of goods
The commission agents use the off-balance account 004 to account for the accepted goods. The goods are accounted for at the prices reflected in the acceptance certificates. Analytical accounting is carried out by types of goods and organizations (persons) - consignors.
Debit 004 - such a transaction must be made to the commission agent upon receipt of goods for resale
Credit 004 - the commission agent makes such a posting after the sale of the goods to the buyer or its return to the committent
Off-balance accounting of materials and equipment
In addition to fixed assets and goods, the balance sheet can take into account other material values.
Goods and materials in custody
In some cases, buyers cannot take into account material values on balance sheets. In this case, inventory should be kept on account 002 “Inventory accepted for safekeeping”.
Account 002 is needed if the buyer accepted goods and materials for storage when:
- receipt from suppliers of goods and materials for which the organization legally refused to accept invoices of payment requests and their payment;
- receipt from suppliers of unpaid goods and materials that cannot be used under the terms of the contract until they are paid;
- receipt of goods and materials, the ownership of which has not been transferred to the organization, etc.
Note! VAT deduction cannot be claimed while goods and materials are accounted for in the balance sheet (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated August 22, 2016 No. 03-07-11 / 48963).
Suppliers can also take into account goods and materials on account 002 if the goods are paid for, but not taken out by the buyer for reasons beyond the control of the organizations.
Tolling raw materials
If the company works with tolling raw materials, then account 003 “Materials accepted for processing” is used for accounting. Most often they work with tolling raw materials during the construction of facilities. In this case, the customer's building materials are used to perform the work. Also, customer-supplied raw materials are used in the manufacture of products for the customer. While the manufacturing process is in progress, customer-supplied materials are accounted for on account 003.
Acceptance of customer-supplied raw materials is reflected in the debit of account 003, disposal (return of the remains of raw materials or manufactured products) is reflected in the credit of account 003. Analytical accounting on account 003 is carried out by customers, types, grades of raw materials and materials and their locations.
Mounting hardware
When installing equipment owned by the customer, contractors keep records of the equipment on account 005 “Equipment accepted for installation”.
Acceptance of equipment for installation is reflected in the debit of account 005, write-off of equipment from the register after installation and its delivery to the customer are reflected in the credit of account 005. Analytical accounting is maintained for customers, facilities, components of the equipment being installed.
Accounting for property on off-balance accounts will help control its safety. Also, such accounting will increase the vigilance of financially responsible persons and help the company avoid fines.
Service Expert Standard
Rogacheva E.A.
Conducting business transactions on off-balance accounts are documented and recorded in accounting registers.
Accounting for each off-balance account must be kept in the established statements of analytical accounting of property or liabilities.
Operations on off-balance accounts are carried out without using double entry. Acquired property or incurred liabilities are recorded in debit, and the disposal of materials or repayment of obligations on credit off-balance sheet accounts. Analytical accounting for each off-balance account is recorded in generally established accounting registers or in forms adopted by the enterprise independently. Let us examine in more detail the accounting accounts of off-balance sheet accounting:
Account 001 "Rented fixed assets".
Account 001 "Leased fixed assets" is a combination of available information on the availability and movement of fixed assets, or fixed assets leased (leasing).
Leased fixed assets are displayed on the off-balance account 001 “Rented fixed assets” at the cost specified in the concluded lease agreements.
Analytical accounting is carried out on account 001 "Leased fixed assets" and is accounted for by lessors, on a separate side of the leased fixed assets (by inventory cards of the lessor). Leased fixed assets that are located outside of our state are recorded on account 001 “Rented fixed assets” separately.
Therefore, the acquired property for rent is displayed by posting: Debit 001
Account 002 "Commodity and material assets accepted for safekeeping."
Account 002 "Inventory accepted for safekeeping" is necessary to combine the available sources of information on the availability and movement of inventory items accepted for safekeeping. Buying enterprises keep records on off-balance account 002 “Inventory assets accepted for safekeeping” when performing the following business transactions: purchase from suppliers of inventory items for which enterprises, on generally accepted terms, refused to accept invoices for payment requests and further payment; purchase from suppliers of unpaid inventory items that cannot be used for sale under the terms of the concluded agreement until they are paid; acceptance of inventory for safekeeping for other reasons. Supplier enterprises keep records on the off-balance account 002 “Inventory assets accepted for safekeeping” in case of payment by buyers for inventory items that are in safekeeping, executed in an appropriate way, but not sold for reasons beyond the control of the enterprises.
Analytical accounting is carried out on account 002 “Inventory accepted for safekeeping” by enterprises-owners, by classification, grades and places of storage.
Acceptance of inventory items for off-balance accounting or reflection off-balance sheet of the buyer's values in the warehouse is recorded by posting: Debit 002
Also, off-balance sheet account 002 is used by enterprises that have free storage spaces and provide related services. In this situation, the basis for the reflection of valuables on the specified account is not the accompanying documents, but the act of acceptance and transfer of inventory items transferred for storage (form N МХ-1). The drawn up act on the return of inventory items in storage is the basis for writing off these valuables from the off-balance account (form N MX-3).
Account 003 "Materials accepted for processing."
Accounting for off-balance account 003 “Materials accepted for processing” is necessary to compare information on the availability and movement of raw materials and materials of the buyer that are in processing (commissioning raw materials), which are not paid by the manufacturer. Accounting for the costs of processing or refining raw materials and materials is carried out on the accounts of accounting for production costs, which show transactions associated with these costs (in addition to the cost of raw materials and materials of the buyer). The buyer's raw materials and materials being processed are reflected on account 003 "Materials accepted for processing" at the cost described in the contract.
Analytical accounting for off-balance account 003 “Materials accepted for processing” is formed by buyers, classifications, grades of raw materials and materials and their storage locations.
The purchase of materials or raw materials for processing is reflected in the posting: Debit 003
Account 004 "Goods accepted for commission."
Accounting for off-balance account 004 "Goods accepted for commission" is necessary to combine information on the availability and movement of goods accepted for commission in accordance with the concluded agreement.
Goods accepted for commission are reflected on account 004 “Goods accepted for commission” based on the value recorded in the acceptance documents.
Analytical accounting on account 004 "Goods accepted for commission" is formed according to the classification of goods and enterprises (persons) - consignors.
The reflection of the value of the property accepted from the committent or the return of the unsold property to the committent is recorded by posting: Debit 004
The sale by the commission agent to the buyer of the property of the committent is displayed as: Credit 004
Account 005 "Equipment accepted for installation."
Off-balance account 005 "Equipment accepted for installation" serves to combine information on the availability and movement of all types of operating equipment purchased by the enterprise from the customer for installation. This account is used by contractors. The equipment is reflected on account 005 "Equipment accepted for installation" at the cost described by the customer in the accompanying documents. Analytical accounting on account 005 “Equipment accepted for installation” is formed for individual facilities or divisions.
Purchased or accepted installation equipment is recorded by posting: Debit 005
The write-off from the accounting of the cost of equipment accepted or purchased for installation, when it is transferred to the customer company, is reflected as: Credit 005
Account 006 "Forms of strict reporting."
Off-balance account 006 “Strict reporting forms” is important for combining information on the availability and movement of strict reporting forms that are stored and provided for reporting - unified books, certificates, diplomas, various subscriptions, coupons, tickets, forms of shipping documents and others. These forms are displayed on account 006 “Forms of strict reporting in the conditional formed value.
Analytical accounting for off-balance account 006 “Strict reporting forms” is formed for each type of form and their storage locations.
The received forms reflected behind the balance sheet of the organization in the conditional value are recorded by posting: Debit 006
Account 007 "Debt written off at a loss of insolvent debtors."
Account 007 “Debt of insolvent debtors written off at a loss” is necessary to combine information on the presence of receivables realized in the course of a loss due to the insolvency of debtors. This debt is reflected in the balance sheet of the organization within five years from the date of write-off.
Analytical accounting on account 007 “Debt of insolvent debtors written off as a loss” is formed separately for each debtor, whose debt is included in the loss, and separately written off the debt.
The reflection on the off-balance account of the value of the written-off debt occurs according to the following posting: Debit 007
Write-off from the off-balance account of the cost of debt is reflected as: Credit 007
Account 008 “Securities for obligations and payments received”.
Off-balance account 008 “Securities for obligations and payments received” is required to combine information on the status and movement of acquired guarantees to secure obligations and payments, as well as collateral purchased for goods transferred to other enterprises.
Analytical accounting on account 008 “Securities for obligations and payments received” is formed for each acquired liability.
The cost of securing the obligation is reflected in the organization's balance sheet by posting: Debit 008
The write-off of the value of the obligation collateral recorded off the balance sheet is recorded as: Credit 008
Account 009 “Securities for obligations and payments issued”.
Off-balance account 009 “Securities for obligations and payments issued” is necessary to combine information on the status and movement of guarantees provided to secure the fulfillment of obligations and payments.
Analytical accounting on account 009 “Securities for obligations and payments issued” is formed for each provided security.
The provision of security for obligations under a loan agreement is recorded by posting: Debit 009
The write-off of the value of the provided collateral, accounted for in the organization's balance sheet, is reflected as: Credit 009
Account 010 “Depreciation of fixed assets”.
Off-balance account 010 "Depreciation of fixed assets" is necessary to combine information on the movement of the amount of depreciation for housing stock, external improvement and other similar objects, as well as for non-profit enterprises for existing fixed assets. The calculation of the depreciation cost for the specified objects takes place at the end of the year according to the established unified norms of depreciation.
Analytical accounting on account 010 “Depreciation of fixed assets” is formed for each object.
The accrual of value for the specified objects is reflected in the posting: Debit 010
The write-off of the calculated depreciation cost due to the disposal of the specified objects is recorded as: Credit 007
Account 011 "Fixed assets leased out".
Off-balance account 011 "Fixed assets leased out" is necessary to combine information on the status and movement of fixed assets that were leased out, if, under the terms of the lease agreement, the property is displayed on the balance sheet of the tenant.
Analytical accounting on account 011 "Fixed assets leased out" is formed by tenants, separately for each fixed asset leased.
Acceptance for accounting of property transferred to the lessee is recorded by posting: Debit 011
Write-off from the off-balance sheet accounting of leasing property at the end of the leasing agreement is reflected in the posting as: Credit 011
off-balance sheet state property
Off-balance accounts are such accounting accounts that are designed to account for those inventory items that do not belong to the organization. In the article we will analyze the features of off-balance sheet accounting in budgetary institutions.
What is what
Not sure what an off-balance sheet account is? In the working charts of accounts used in accounting in both budgetary and commercial and non-profit organizations, main (balance sheet) and off-balance accounts are distinguished. On the main accounts, accountants should conduct operations related to the movement of cash and other material assets, receipts and disposals, profits and mutual settlements with counterparties, information on various goods and works, as well as advertising and other services are taken into account. Off-balance accounts are used to account for inventory items that are temporarily at the disposal of the organization and do not belong to it on the basis of ownership. Off-balance accounts are also needed to reflect operations on those obligations that are pending fulfillment, and the movement of values that are not intended for accounting on the main accounting accounts.
Such accounts are auxiliary accounting accounts. Their balances are not included in the balance sheet and are illustrated behind the results of the main balance sheet, that is, behind the balance sheet. They do not affect the financial result and are not reflected in the periodic and final reports of the organization.
Accounts for the balance sheet are opened by enterprises for such cases:
- Keeping records of property that either does not belong to him or is written off as expenses.
- Collection of information that must be indicated in the subject of the explanatory note to the balance sheet and final statements.
Off-balance accounts in budgetary institutions in 2020 are regulated by the approved Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 157n dated 01.12.2010 (Instruction No. 157n). The procedure is fixed by the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 94n dated 10/31/2000. They are also regulated by 402-FZ "On Accounting" dated 06.12.2011 and the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. With these legal acts at hand, it is much easier and clearer to keep accounting records for off-balance sheet accounts.
Features for budgetary institutions
The use of an off-balance sheet in the accounting of a budgetary institution is regulated by Instruction 157n (section 7). This section provides a list of values that should not be included in balance sheet accounts. Under current legislation, institutions have the right to correct this list and, if necessary, include other inventory items in it.
In accordance with clause 373 of Instruction 157n as amended on March 31, 2018, accounting is kept on off-balance accounts of budgetary institutions:
- valuables that are in the organization without the right to operational management (rent, free use, etc.);
- valuables that are accounted for off balance sheet accounts (fixed assets in the amount of up to 10,000 rubles, strict reporting forms, prizes, vouchers, etc.);
- obligations to be fulfilled.
Do you know how many off-balance accounts have existed since 2015? Now 31 accounts are used in budget accounting!
You can get acquainted with all the accounts that are used in accounting in a budgetary institution in the table.
|
Name |
|
|---|---|
|
"Property received for use" |
|
|
"Material values accepted for storage" |
|
|
"Forms of strict reporting" |
|
|
"Debt of insolvent debtors" |
|
|
"Material values paid for by centralized supply" |
|
|
"Debt of pupils and students for unreturned material values" |
|
|
"Awards, prizes, cups and valuable gifts, souvenirs" |
|
|
"Travel unpaid" |
|
|
"Spare parts for vehicles" |
|
|
"Ensuring the fulfillment of obligations" |
|
|
"State municipal guarantees" |
|
|
"Special equipment for R&D under contracts with customers" |
|
|
"Experimental Devices" |
|
|
"Settlement documents awaiting execution" |
|
|
“Settlement documents not paid on time due to lack of funds on the account of a state (municipal) institution” |
|
|
"Overpayment of pensions and benefits due to incorrect application of legislation on pensions and benefits, counting errors" |
|
|
"Receipts of funds" |
|
|
"Disposal of funds" |
|
|
"Unexplained budget receipts of past years" |
|
|
"Debt unclaimed by creditors" |
|
|
"OS worth up to 10,000 rubles inclusive in operation" |
|
|
"Material values received from centralized supply" |
|
|
"Periodicals for use" |
|
|
"Property transferred to trust management" |
|
|
"Property transferred for paid use (lease)" |
|
|
"Property transferred for gratuitous use" |
|
|
"Material values issued for personal use to employees (employees)" |
|
|
"Settlements for the fulfillment of monetary obligations through third parties" |
|
|
"Shares at par value" |
|
|
"Assets in management companies" |
|
|
"Budget investments implemented by organizations" |
Here are the ones that are most often used at work:
- Property accounting is carried out using 01, 02, 05, 06, 07, 09, 12, 13, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27 off-balance accounts.
- Forms of strict accountability, prizes, vouchers and periodicals are reflected in accounts 03, 08, 23.
- Accounting for cash and settlement documents is kept on accounts 14-19, 30.
- Accounts receivable and payable are posted to off-balance sheet accounts 04 and 20, respectively, guarantees are posted to 10 and 11.
- Financial investments are recorded on 31, 40, 42 off-balance accounts.
The procedure for maintaining off-balance sheet accounting
Off-balance sheet accounting ensures control over the use and safety of valuables held by the institution at temporary disposal, as well as the timely and correct execution of relevant accounting documentation and the organization of proper off-balance accounting.
Off-balance accounting is kept in a simple form, avoiding spam, that is, the amounts for transactions with assets taken off the balance sheet are reflected either in debit or in credit. Correspondence (double entry) on them is not conducted.
Postings are made according to the following rule: the required amount is recorded either in Dt or in Kt. The same transaction should not be carried out on the debit of one accounting account and on the credit of another. On Dt of the balance sheet, accounting records are formed on the receipt of property and the issuance of collateral, on Kt - the disposal of valuables and the completion of collateral.
The balance at the beginning of the period (month) indicates the presence of one or another type of value that is accounted for in a particular account. The balance at the end of the month at the AP is always debit.
The debit balance at the end of the period determines the balance of funds formed at the reporting date.
How to write off materials from an off-balance sheet account
For non-profit organizations, typical entries will be as follows:
- Dt 002 - acceptance of materials for safekeeping;
- Kt 002 - write-off of previously accepted materials.
For a budget organization, fixed assets worth up to 10,000 rubles. are reflected in off-balance accounts 21 (clause 373 of Instruction No. 157n as amended on March 31, 2018).
The accounting entry for the write-off of the object will be as follows: Kt 21 - the fixed asset object is written off from accounting for the balance sheet.
Ask questions, and we will supplement the article with answers and explanations!
