The mortality rate is the number of deaths in 12 months / 1.0 thousand people. According to the UN data, there are countries with high and low mortality.
In many ways, the indicator depends on the average age of citizens. In some states, despite the decline in mortality, the total number of deaths is increasing. This is due to the fact that the aging of the population occurs simultaneously with the fall in the birth rate.
Death rate (1) and birth rate (2)
The reason for the violence, according to experts, is the withdrawal of most of the international military contingent.
Another factor in mortality is the lack of a normal health policy. Many Afghans are dying for the same reason as the unfortunate residents of the Central African Republic. But under normal conditions, most of their diseases can be easily cured.
The situation in Namibia
This is one of the poorest African states. Residents are constantly suffering from a lack of basic needs.
The main cause of death in this country is hunger. And also people die due to lack of drinking water, unsanitary conditions and the development of various infectious pathologies.
Such a high coefficient is due to the shortest duration. Lithuanian men live an average of 65.4 years, women - 77.4 years. The main diseases in Lithuania are oncology, pathologies of the circulatory system and external causes. These include:
- injuries incompatible with life;
- poisoning;
- accidents.
And also this Baltic state is in a leading position in Europe in the ranking of countries in terms of the number of suicides.
The population of the country is on average reduced by 60 thousand people a year.
Bulgaria's population has been steadily declining since the 1980s.
The death rate here far exceeds the birth rate. Another reason is the emigration of young people. Young people go to other countries in search of work: low, and the prices are the same as in Western Europe.
According to experts, the acute political crisis also had a negative impact on demography.
Mortality in Lesotho (number of people per 1000)
Most citizens live in unsanitary conditions. Against this background, dangerous epidemics are developing.
Which regions are most likely to die from cancer?
Cancer mortality by country is presented in the table:
More than 10 million cancers are diagnosed every year in the world. At the same time, about 40 million people are registered in oncological dispensaries.
On the 1st place is lung cancer. It occurs mainly in men aged 60-70 years. On the 2nd place - liver cancer, on the 3rd - stomach cancer. The rarest cancer is kidney cancer. Women most often die from breast cancer.
Video about cancer deaths in the United States
The safest roads are in Iceland. You can read about it by following this link.
Over the past decade, the leading diseases that claimed the most human lives were coronary heart disease, stroke, respiratory infections of the lower respiratory tract and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Zozhnik cites data on how human mortality has changed over 12 years (according to WHO).
By the way, we have already published (according to data in the UK), but depending on the standard of living, the causes of death are strikingly different.
What people die from. The most common causes of death
HIV deaths have declined from 1.7 million (3.2% of all deaths in 2000) to 1.5 million deaths in 2012. Diarrhea is no longer among the top 5 causes of death, but is still in the top ten - in 2012 it resulted in 1.5 million deaths.
Lung cancer (along with cancer of the trachea and bronchi) in 2012 killed a much higher number - 1.6 million compared to 1.2 million in 2000. Similarly, deaths from diabetes have halved, with 1.5 million deaths in 2012 compared to 1 million in 2000.
* COPD - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
How did mortality from various causes rise or fall from 2000 to 2012
Change in leading causes of death over 12 years. Data: WHO
Leading causes of death by income
It is clear that in different countries in the world - different causes of death, and first of all it depends on the level of development of the country as a whole (and medicine, education, nutrition in particular). And the difference in causes of death is striking.
For example, if in poor countries 53 people die from diarrhea for every 100 thousand, then in rich countries this cause of death is not included in the top ten at all.
This is what people die from in poor countries:
But from what - in the rich:
In rich countries, 7 out of 10 deaths occur in fairly old people - 70 years and older. People die mainly from chronic diseases: cardiovascular disease, cancer, dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or diabetes.
In poor countries, almost 4 out of every 10 deaths occur in children under the age of 15, and only 2 out of every 10 deaths occur in those aged 70 and over. People die mainly from infectious diseases: taken together, lower respiratory tract infections, HIV/AIDS, diarrheal diseases, malaria and tuberculosis account for almost a third of all deaths in these countries.
BLITZ ON DEATH
How many people die every year in the world?
In 2012, an estimated 56 million people died worldwide.
Are cardiovascular diseases the leading cause of death in the world?
Yes, in 2012, 17.5 million people died from cardiovascular disease, that is, 3 out of every 10. Of this number, 7.4 million people died from coronary heart disease and 6.7 million from stroke.
It is often stated that smoking is main reason mortality. How does tobacco use affect these causes of death?
Tobacco use is an important cause of many of the world's deadliest diseases, including cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. In total, about 1 in 10 adults worldwide die from tobacco use. Smoking is often the hidden cause of the disease, which is recorded as the cause of death.
How has the situation changed over the past decade?
Coronary heart disease, stroke, lower respiratory tract infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have continued to be the leading causes of death over the past decade.
In 2012, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for approximately 68% of all deaths worldwide, up from 60% in 2000. 2.6 million more people died from cardiovascular disease in 2012 than in 2000.
Injuries still kill 5 million people a year. At the same time, despite the development of safety technologies, more and more people die from road accidents over the past 12 years: in 2012, almost 3,500 people died every day, which is about 600 people more than in 2000. Therefore, road traffic crashes are now among the top 10 causes of death in 2012.
How many children are dying in the world and why?
In 2012, 6.6 million children under the age of 5 died, 99% of these deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries. Children die mainly from pneumonia, prematurity, birth asphyxia and diarrheal diseases. Malaria remained a major cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa, where it killed nearly 15% of children under 5 years of age in that region.
Causes of death worldwide: an overview
Imagine a diverse international group of 1,000 people representing a representative sample of women, men and children from around the world who died in 2012.
Of these 1000 people:
- 133 people are from low-income countries, 356 from low-middle income countries, 302 from high-middle income countries, and 209 from high-income countries.
- 153 were children under the age of 15, 412 were adults aged 15-69, and 435 were adults aged 70 and over.
- More than half (514) of these 1000 deaths would be due to the following 10 pathologies:
Comparing Russian and foreign indicators, we can answer the following questions:
- What are the most widespread causes of death, and, consequently, which of them should be prevented with the main efforts in everyday life?
- What causes of death are much more common in Russia than in other countries, and, therefore, there is a successful experience in dealing with them in other countries?
Comparison with other countries
In Russia, the number of deaths per 100 thousand people 2.4 times higher than in developed countries, which mirrors the backlog of our country in terms of life expectancy. At the same time, mortality among men in Russia is almost twice as high than among women.
Mortality rates in different countries
Per 100 thousand people
Main reasons
In Russia, as in all countries with a high and average standard of living, the vast majority of deaths are associated with non-communicable diseases: cardiovascular, oncological and others. Mortality rates from infections and external causes (injuries) are also high.
Mortality in Russia by cause classes
Per 100 thousand people
×Z Exceeding indicators
advanced countries (times)
Diseases
Data: Russia - 2016, other countries - 2015. The indicators are adjusted to the average age distribution in Russia
The main causes of death in Russia:
- More than half of the cases associated with cardiovascular diseases, especially heart attacks and strokes. Mortality from them in Russia is almost 5 times higher than in countries like Canada and Japan. This - main reason for low life expectancy in our country.
- Oncological diseases are the second most important. The mortality rate from them in Russia is 20% higher than in the most prosperous countries. Most cases are lung, stomach, colon, prostate cancer in men, and breast, uterine and ovarian cancer in women.
- Other noncommunicable diseases: neurological and mental diseases (often due to alcoholism and drug addiction), cirrhosis of the liver, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus and others. Mortality rate - twice as high than in the most prosperous countries.
Of the 56.9 million deaths worldwide in 2016, more than half (54%) were due to the following 10 causes. Ischemic heart disease and stroke are the biggest killers, with a total of 15.2 million in 2016. For the past 15 years, these diseases have remained the leading causes of death in the world.
In 2016, 3.0 million people died from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 1.7 million people died from lung cancer (along with cancer of the trachea and bronchi). Diabetes claimed 1.6 million lives in 2016 compared to less than 1 million in 2000. Deaths from dementia more than doubled between 2000 and 2016, making the disease the 5th leading cause of death worldwide in 2016, up from 14th in 2000.
Lower respiratory tract infections remain the most deadly infectious disease, causing 3.0 million deaths worldwide in 2016. Between 2000 and 2016, the death rate from diarrheal diseases fell by almost 1 million, but 1.4 million people still died from them in 2016. Likewise, TB killed fewer people during this period, but it remains one of the top 10 causes of death, claiming 1.3 million lives. HIV/AIDS is no longer among the top 10 causes of death, with 1.0 million deaths in 2016 compared to 1.5 million in 2000.
In 2016, 1.4 million people died in road accidents, three-quarters of whom (74%) were men and boys.
Leading causes of death by country by income level
In 2016, more than half of deaths in low-income countries were due to so-called “group I” conditions, including infectious diseases, maternal mortality, pathologies that occur during pregnancy and childbirth, and malnutrition. In high-income countries, these causes account for less than 7% of deaths. Among all income groups, lower respiratory tract infections are the leading causes of death.
Globally, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for 71% of deaths, ranging from 37% in low-income countries to 88% in high-income countries. In high-income countries, all but one of the top 10 causes of death are NCDs. However, in absolute terms, 78% of NCD deaths worldwide occurred in low- and middle-income countries.
Almost 4.9 million people died from injuries in 2016. More than a quarter (29%) of these deaths were road traffic related. Low-income countries had the highest death rate from road traffic injuries, at 29.4 deaths per 100,000 population, compared with a global rate of 18.8. Road traffic injuries are among the top 10 causes of death in low- and middle-income countries as well.
Source: Global Health Estimates 2016: Deaths by Cause, Age, Sex, by Country and by Region, 2000-2016. Geneva, World Health Organization; 2018.
Why is it important to know the causes of people's deaths?
Establishing the number of people who die each year and the causes of their death is, along with measuring the impact of disease and injury on people, one of the most important important ways evaluate the effectiveness of the health care system of a country.
Cause of death statistics help health authorities target action public health. For example, a country in which deaths from heart disease and diabetes have been rising rapidly over a number of years would be interested in launching a vigorous program to promote lifestyles that facilitate the prevention of these diseases. Similarly, if a country reports high childhood deaths from pneumonia, with only a small fraction of the budget devoted to its effective treatment, then it may increase spending in this area.
High-income countries have systems in place to collect information on causes of death. Many low- and middle-income countries do not have such systems, and cause-specific deaths have to be estimated from incomplete data. Improving the compilation of quality data on causes of death is essential for promoting health and reducing preventable deaths in these countries.
