The article deals with such questions as: does income arise when issuing one's own bill, how the price of purchasing and selling someone else's bill is determined, accounting for a discount on a bill, etc. In this article, we will not consider accounting for transactions in a situation where a third party's promissory note was received in payment for the delivered goods (works, services).

We issue a bill: no income, no expenses

When issuing your own bill of exchange does not occur. And it does not matter how the issuance of the bill will be formalized: a contract of sale, a loan agreement, an act or the bill itself. The money received from the first noteholder is considered to be a loan received and in "profitable" income is not taken into account.(Subparagraph 10, paragraph 1, article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). And the amount equal to the loan received and paid to the holder of the bill upon redemption of the bill, not taken into account in tax expenses (Clause 17, Article 270 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). This was confirmed in 2009 by the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation (Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated November 24, 2009 N 9995/09).

We sell or repay someone else's bill - we consider profit

Income and expenses from the sale of someone else's promissory note are income and expenses from operations with securities, so they must be calculated separately from income and expenses from ordinary activities. And this is one of the reasons why some organizations avoid transactions with other people's bills. After all, since the tax base for such operations is determined separately, then the loss from total profit organizations (Clause 8, 10 of Article 280 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
Although the reverse option - to reduce profits from securities trading on losses from operating activities - tax legislation not prohibited. This is confirmed by the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation (Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation of February 26, 2008 N 14908/07), and the Ministry of Finance of Russia (Letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia of November 13, 2010 N 03-03-06 / 2/192, of March 27, 2009 N 03- 03-06/1/194).

How much is someone else's bill

It is impossible to simply take and include in income the selling price of a bill (Article 280 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). First of all, it must be compared with the minimum settlement price.<8>. And if you sold a bill cheaper than this minimum price, then you need to include it in the income.
In addition, there is also a maximum settlement price. With a literal reading of paragraph 6 of Art. 280 NK it turns out that if you sell a bill at a cost higher than this price, then you take into account only the maximum settlement price in income. However, the Ministry of Finance of Russia is against this (Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated September 14, 2010 N 03-03-06 / 2/161).
And you also have to compare your costs for purchasing a bill with its maximum settlement price. After all, you could buy a bill at an inflated price. Then, only the maximum settlement price can be recognized as expenses for the sale of a bill (Clause 6, Article 280 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
Of course, when determining the costs of selling someone else's bill, I would also like to use the minimum settlement price. That is, take into account when calculating tax base it is her, and not the purchase price, if you bought a bill at a reduced price. However, this will be contrary to the law - after all, only expenses incurred that are documented are accepted as expenses (Clause 1, Article 252 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
Minimum and maximum settlement prices- this is the settlement price, reduced or increased by 20% (Clause 6, Article 280 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation):

Minimum Settlement Price = Settlement Price x 0.8

Minimum Settlement Price = Settlement Price x 1.2

So, in order to correctly determine the tax base from the sale of a bill - both income and expenses - we need to know its estimated price.
To date, the Procedure for determining the settlement price is established by the Order of the FFMS of Russia of 2010, which provides for three methods (Clause 2 of the Procedure for determining the settlement price, approved by Order of the FFMS of Russia of November 9, 2010 N 10-66 / pz-n (hereinafter referred to as the Procedure) ).
Method 1. The estimated price is determined by the appraiser. As a rule, the price indicated in his report (Clause 19 of the Order) does not cause disputes with the tax authorities. However, the services of an appraiser may not be cheap.
Method 2. The settlement price is determined based on the prices of this security existing in the securities market. But this method is only suitable for bank bills and some large organizations for which quotes can be found (Clause 4 of the Order).
Thus, banks often issue bills of exchange in whole series with the same denomination and maturity. The sale price of such bills is unlikely to be very different from the prices at which they are offered on the market.
If you are selling an unquoted bill, then the following method of determining the settlement price will suit you.
Method 3. The settlement price is determined according to the formulas given by the FFMS(Items 13, 14 of the Order). At the same time, the formulas make it possible to take into account the level of risk of non-payment of this bill through the discount rate. For this in accounting policy it is necessary to fix the procedure for calculating the level of risk of investments in a bill, which will affect the determination of the settlement price of a bill.

Attention! The method for determining the settlement price of a bill of exchange of a third party must be fixed in the accounting policy for taxation purposes (Clause 20 of the Procedure).

So, you can set several coefficients in your accounting policy, depending on the degree of reliability of the drawer and endorsers. For example, for promissory notes issued by an organization that has existed for less than 3 years, you can set a discount rate of 20%. Thus, you enter into the formula an indicator that will "shift" the settlement price.
Of course, as a result, the calculation can be quite laborious. But this justifies itself, since the sale price of a bill can always be adjusted to the settlement price, taking into account a deviation of 20%. And if your calculation in this case does not coincide with the calculation of the tax authorities, you can always challenge the latter due to the fact that the economic conditions of the transaction are not comparable (for example, drawers or endorsers are not comparable).
Thus, if you are selling a bill of exchange for which there are no quotes, then the third calculation method will be most convenient for you. And you won't have to spend money on an appraiser.

We take into account the discount receivable

Not all income associated with a promissory note needs to be accounted for separately from income from ordinary activities. So, discount (percentage), accrued on someone else's bill for the period of its stay with you, included in non-operating income(Clause 6, Article 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
And income from the sale of a bill can be reduced not only by the price of its purchase, but also by these very previously accrued interest, if this is provided for by your tax accounting policy (Item 2, Article 11, Clause 6, Article 250, Clause 2, Article 280 Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
However, with this accounting option, you can get a loss that will hang with the organization until there is income from operations with bills of exchange or other securities.
Let us explain what has been said with an example.

Example . Calculation of income tax when income from the sale of a promissory note is reduced by a previously accrued discount

Condition

The organization purchased a promissory note with a face value of 70,000 rubles from the drawer, the purchase price was 50,000 rubles. The maturity date is in 2 years. After 1 year, the organization sells a bill for 55,000 rubles.

Solution

For convenience, we will assume that the organization had no other income during this period.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3. Income tax for the first year of holding a bill of exchange is: 10,000 rubles. x 20% = 2000 rub.
Step 4. The proceeds from the sale of the bill is: 55,000 rubles. - 10,000 rubles. = 45,000 rubles.
Step 5. The loss from the sale of the bill is: 45,000 rubles. - 50,000 rubles. = - 5000 rubles.
For the convenience of accounting, you can open separate sub-accounts for accounts 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors" and 91 "Other income and expenses". In this case, the accounting entries will be as follows (Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts accounting financial and economic activities of organizations, approved. Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 31, 2000 N 94n; pp. 8, 9, 22, 25, 34 PBU 19/02 "Accounting for financial investments", approved. Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 10, 2002 N 126n; clause 7 PBU 9/99 "Income of the organization", approved. Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 06.05.1999 N 32n; p. 11 PBU 10/99 "Expenses of the organization", approved. Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 06.05.1999 N 33n).


When purchasing a bill
Promissory note purchased third party	58 "Financial investments", subaccount 2 "Debt valuable paper"	76 "Settlements with different debtors and creditors, subaccount "Settlements on bills"
Payment made for a bill	76, sub-account "Calculations on bills"	51 "Estimated accounts"
During the term of the promissory note
Reflected discount on a bill (amount calculated monthly for convenience shown for the whole year)	58, subaccount 2 "Debt valuable paper"	91 "Other income and expenses" subaccount 1 "Other income"
At the end of the year
Written off financial result for others income and expenses	91, subaccount 9 "The balance of other income and expenses"	99 "Profits and losses", sub-account "Profit Loss) from the usual activities"
As of the date of sale of the bill
Promissory note implemented third party	76, sub-account "Calculations on bills"	91, subaccount "Income from operations with valuable papers"
Written off balance sheet bill value	91, sub-account "Expenses for transactions with securities"	58, subaccount 2 "Debt valuable paper"
Written off financial result of operations with securities	99, sub-account "Profit (loss) from operations with securities"	91, subaccount "Income balance and expenses from operations with valuable papers"

In tax accounting, income and expenses are reflected in the same amounts. So, the organization has a loss of 5000 rubles, which cannot be written off at the expense of income from normal look activities.

To avoid a loss, it is necessary not to reduce the proceeds from the sale of a bill by the amount of previously accrued interest, but to take them into account as a separate non-operating expense (Subparagraph 20, paragraph 1, article 265 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). At the same time, keep in mind that tax authorities may not agree with this method of accounting. Let's see what we can do.

Example . Calculation of income tax when the previously accrued discount on a promissory note is included in non-operating expenses

Condition

Let's use the conditions of the previous example. In this case, the organization takes into account the discount on the bill as non-operating income, and then accepts the previously recorded amounts as non-operating expenses (actually "reversing" these amounts). And the tax base for the sale of a bill is calculated separately.

Solution

As in the previous example, we will assume that there are no other incomes.
Step 1. The discount on the bill is: (70,000 rubles - 50,000 rubles) / 2 years = 10,000 rubles / year.
Step 2. The amount of non-operating income is equal to the accrued discount, that is, 10,000 rubles.
Step 3. When selling a bill, the amount of non-operating expenses is equal to the previously accrued discount, that is, 10,000 rubles.
Step 4. Proceeds from the sale of a bill is determined in the following way: 55 000 rub. - 50,000 rubles. = 5000 rubles.
Step 5. Income tax is equal to: 5000 rubles. x 20% = 1000 rubles
In accounting, the transactions for the purchase of a bill and the calculation of the discount will be the same as in the previous example. And when selling a bill in accounting, the following entries will be made (Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts).


When selling a bill
Promissory note implemented third party	76, sub-account "Calculations on bills"	91, subaccount "Income from operations with valuable papers"
Written off balance sheet bill value	91, sub-account "Expenses by operations with securities"	58, subaccount 2 "Business valuable paper"
Amount written off earlier discount	91, subaccount 2 "Other expenses"	76, subaccount "Calculations on bills"
Written off financial result for others income and expenses	99, subaccount "Profit Loss) from the usual activities"	91, subaccount 9 "The balance of other income and expenses"
Written off financial result of operations with securities	91, subaccount "Income balance and expenses from operations with valuable papers"	99, subaccount "Profit Loss) from transactions with securities"

As we have already noted, profit from operations with bills of exchange can be reduced by a loss from core activities (Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation of February 26, 2008 N 14908/07; Letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia of November 13, 2010 N 03-03-06 / 2/192, dated March 27, 2009 N 03-03-06/1/194). That is, in our example, the tax base for transactions related to the bill will be zero.

We reflect the sale of the bill in the income statement

Having determined income and expenses when selling a bill, you must fill out income tax return.
As we have already said, operations with bills of exchange are shown separately in the reporting. In the declaration there is a special sheet for this 05 "Calculation of the tax base for corporate income tax on operations, the financial results of which are taken into account in a special manner."
In the line "Type of operation" this sheet put "2" - the code for transactions with securities that are not circulated on the organized securities market (Clause 13.1 of the Procedure for filling out tax return on corporate income tax, approved. Order of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated December 15, 2010 N ММВ-7-3/ [email protected](hereinafter - the Procedure for filling out the declaration)).
The income received from the sale of a bill is reflected in line 010 of sheet 05. The cost of purchasing a bill is reflected in line 030 of the same sheet (Clause 13.3 of the Procedure for filling out the declaration).
In the second option we have considered for accounting for interest on a bill, their amount is not reflected separately, it forms indicators of non-operating income and expenses in Appendixes N N 1 and 2 to sheet 02 of the declaration. So, income in the form of accrued bill interest is indicated in line 100 of Appendix N 1 to sheet 02 (Clause 6.2 of the Procedure for filling out the declaration). And the expense in the form of previously accrued interest is reflected in line 200 of Appendix N 2 to sheet 02 (Items 7.2, 13.3 of the Procedure for filling out the declaration).

As you can see, when selling promissory notes, there are no particular difficulties with the calculation of income tax. And if you sold a bill at a loss, it is better to include the amount of the accrued discount in non-operating expenses. In this case, you do not overpay income tax and "get rid" of a loss that you could not take until there was a profit from securities.

The bill can be used not only as a means of payment, but also as a way to generate income. To this end, you can place funds on deposit, but it does not provide such opportunities as a promissory note. bank bill is a handy placement tool free funds, combining profitability and the ability to use it in settlements with counterparties or as a collateral. A bank bill implies that the drawer is a bank, the bill holder is a legal entity, individual entrepreneurs and individuals. As a rule, banks offer interest and discount bills. Interest bill- a security containing an unconditional obligation of the bank to pay the bearer the amount of the bill and income on it on the terms specified in the bill. discount bill- a security that is purchased at a price below par, and redeemed at the end of the term at par. That is, the issue of a bill is carried out at a discount (discount) from the face value, and the difference between the sale price of the bill and its face value is the income of the holder.

Figure 1. "Discount bill circulation scheme"

Data: "Handbook of the financier of the enterprise", Barannikova N.P.

An agreement is concluded between the bank and the client for the purchase of a bill, which indicates its face value, sale price, maturity and other important conditions.

The buyer of the bill transfers to the bank the fee for the bill (sales price different from its face value).

The bank, after receiving the funds, transfers the promissory note to the client, which he can either keep or use in settlements with counterparties.

The holder of the bill uses the bill as a means of payment (at par, not at the acquired value).

The bill can change several holders, the last of which presents it to the bank for redemption.

The bank redeems the bill at its face value.

Calculation of the face value, purchase price and discount of a bill

Selling price of a bill * (1 + (term of a bill * rate / 365*100))

Selling price of a bill\u003d Face value of the bill * (1 - (term of the bill * rate / 365 * 100))

Discount= (Promissory note price * interest rate * bill term) / 365 *100

Example 1. (Determining the discount of a bill)

The organization purchased a promissory note with a face value of 20 thousand rubles from the bank. The submission period is 30 days. The discount rate is 10% per annum. Therefore, the size of the discount is determined by the formula: Discount\u003d (Promissory note price * interest rate * bill term) / 365 * 100 20 thousand rubles * 10 * 30 / 365 * 100 \u003d 164.38 rubles

Example 2. (Determining the selling price of a bill)

The organization purchased a promissory note with a face value of 20 thousand rubles from the bank. The submission period is 30 days. The discount rate is 10% per annum. Therefore, the selling price of a bill is determined by the formula: Selling price of a bill\u003d Nominal value of the bill * (1 - (term of the bill * rate / 365 * 100)) 20 thousand rubles * (1 - (30 * 10 / 365 * 100) \u003d 19 835, 62 (Check: we add a discount to the sale price, to get the face value of the bill 19,835.62 + 164.38 = 20,000)

Example 3. (Determining the denomination of a bill)

The organization purchased a promissory note from the bank at a price of 19,835.62 thousand rubles. The submission period is 30 days. The discount rate is 10% per annum. Therefore, the face value of the bill is determined by the formula: Nominal value of a bill\u003d Selling price of a bill * (1 + (term of a bill * rate / 365 * 100)); 9 835, 62 * (1 + (30*10 / 365*100)) = 20 thousand rubles

Business Loan Application

Your application will be sent to several banks in your city, which are engaged in lending to small businesses. You can select one or several banks at once.

The concept of a bill, its types

Definition 1

According to the provisions Civil Code Russian Federation (Article 815), a bill of exchange is a security that certifies an unconditional obligation of the person who issued the bill of exchange (drawer) or another person who is indicated in the bill as a payer (concerns a bill of exchange) to pay in the event of the due date specified in a bill of exchange, the amount borrowed Money.

It is accepted to divide the bill mainly into two types - a simple bill and a bill of exchange.

When promissory note there is an unconditional obligation of the obligor to pay the debt to the creditor in the amount and on the terms that are indicated in the bill and exclusively in it. A promissory note is issued by the debtor in favor of the creditor.
A bill of exchange means an unconditional order of the person who issued the bill (drawer) to the obligor (payer) to pay the bill amount in accordance with the requirements and conditions of the bill to a third party (the bill holder). A bill of exchange is also called a bill of exchange, hence the drawer is called the drawer, the payer is the drawee, and the recipient of funds under the bill is the payee.

The value of a bill in the economy, its features

The basis of bill relations is sum of money, which is issued on credit, therefore, a bill, such as a check, circulates in the markets as a means of payment relative to its owner. In other words, the bill fully fulfills the payment functionality of modern money.

A bill as a security, which is a means of payment, has some exceptional features, which include:

Unconditionality of a bill - this means that under no circumstances can the obligation to pay the debt amount in favor of the holder of the bill be canceled
Independence of a bill - this criterion means that, from a legal point of view, a bill is tied to a specific contract that arises in a specific transaction, but at the same time is separated from the contract and exists in the form of an independent document
The bill has strictly defined conditions and forms of its filling, must contain a list required details, in the absence of at least one of which the bill is recognized as void.

Remark 1

Note that both the state and commercial Bank, and any company or enterprise.

The concept of the face value of a bill

The concept of the face value of a bill is rather fuzzy. However, its essence is that the face value is the main attribute of a security (face value, face value, face value), banknotes, coins, etc.

When issuing a bill, its value is the main parameter. The denomination of the bill can be indicated in words or in numbers directly in the text of the document. It is important to know that in the case of writing the denomination in words and printing with paint, if there are differences, the denomination written in words is taken into account. If several amounts are found in the text of the document, then the security is accepted as issued for the smallest of all indicated.

Often there is a situation when a bill of exchange is issued taking into account interest on the loan. Which will ultimately affect the total amount of the bill. In this case, the denomination of the bill will not always correspond to the inscription on security. Sometimes the interest and face value in the bill are indicated separately.

If the buyer of the goods wishes to issue a promissory note at a discount, then its face value, which is issued by the buyer, is determined by the formula:

Nominal value of a bill = Sale price of a bill $\cdot (1+ \frac(term \ bill \cdot rate)(365 \cdot 100))$

Definition 2

In fact, the discount is the difference between the nominal value of the bill and the direct cost of goods, works, services, for the payment of which the security is issued.

Usually a discounted promissory note is issued with a specific maturity - On a specific date, or at a certain time from drawing up.

It is important to remember that the denomination of the bill is one of its mandatory details, the absence of which leads to the recognition of the bill as null and void.

Transfer by bill holders banking structures until the full redemption of the security.

The credit institution pays the amount of the promissory note minus the commission (discount) corresponding to predetermined amounts.

The economic meaning of discounting bills

Settlements by bills - convenient way payment. A firm that does not have enough cash to pay its obligations may issue a security to a creditor. Its execution does not require drawing up an issue project, long-term approval or registration with regulatory authorities: it is enough to obtain the consent of the creditor and fill out a special form.

In practice, it happens that the holder of the bill needs cash before he can claim it under the terms of the bill. In order to receive funds on a security, he has the right to apply to a bank or another company that will give him a part of the debt amount minus its own commission. This operation is called discounting.

The discount rate used by banks is similar to that used financial structures when issuing loans legal entities. In fact, discounting is the provision of credit to the owner of the security.

The bank that redeemed the bill shall transfer the right to demand the amount of the debt from the drawer and interest on it. He cannot sell the security, because de jure the holder of the bill who has ceded his rights of claim remains its owner.

The drawer, to whom the bank will apply within the specified time for the redemption of the bill, is not entitled to question the legitimacy of his demand. If he believes that the discount deal was made in violation of the law, he must prove his case in court.

The procedure for discounting bills of exchange of different types

From the point of view of the method of designating the income of the holder of a bill, there are two types:

Discount. They indicate lump sum payable to the holder of the bill. His income is the difference between the amount of redemption of the security and the cost of its acquisition.
Interest. They prescribe the interest rate at which the income of the bill holder is calculated. Interest begins to accrue from the day following the date of issue of the bill, and stop "drip" at the time of its full repayment.

To discount bills of exchange where a fixed amount of debt is indicated, the following formula is used: where:

DV is the value of the security that the bank will pay to the owner upon its early redemption;

HB - the nominal value of the bill indicated on the security;

BH - the number of days remaining until the date of repayment, i.e. before the date specified in the bill;

C is the discount rate declared credit institution, i.e. fee, charging it for the services rendered to the holder of the bill.

The difference between HB and DV is the amount of remuneration that goes to the bank for performing intermediary functions.

For interest-bearing bills, a more complex discount formula is used:

DV \u003d HB * (1-BH * C) * (1 + ON * SV)

where:

CB - the interest rate indicated on the bill;

PO is the period of circulation of a security (in days) until it is registered in the bank.

When the holder pays the bill in credit institution ahead of time payment, he automatically loses part of the interest on the security, which goes as a reward to the banking structure.

We bought bills at sight not earlier than 09/10/17. at a price of 3,000 rubles. Their face value is 5000 rubles. Nothing is said about percentages. How to take into account the discount on a promissory note in the accounting. and tax.accounts? We can resell this bill ahead of time.

The rate at which interest is charged is indicated on the bill itself. If the rate is not included in the bill, it is considered interest-free.

The procedure for reflecting in accounting and taxation of the discount on the received bill, as well as its calculation, can be found in the recommendation given in the rationale for the answer.

Oleg Khoroshiy,

How to reflect in accounting and taxation interest (discount) on the received bill

accounting

Calculate the amount of interest or discount on a promissory note with an accounting certificate * (part 1 of article 9 of the Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ, paragraph 4 of article 328 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Accounting: discount bill

Reflect the discount on a bill in accounting, depending on which bill it is provided for:
– for a bill that is accounted for as financial investment(in particular, a promissory note of a third party);*
- on a bill, which is accounted for as a guarantee of payment of debt by the counterparty (in particular, the counterparty's own bill, which the organization received as security for goods (works, services)).

To account for financial investments in the form of discount bills, the organization has the right to use the following options: *
– Accounting for a promissory note at the acquisition cost (original cost) adjusted for a discount. In this case, the discount amount is evenly distributed on financial results activities of the organization;
- Accounting for a bill at the cost of acquisition (initial cost) without discount.

Secure the selected option in the accounting policy for accounting purposes.

An example of the reflection in accounting of a discount on a bill of a third party received in payment for services rendered. Accounting policy for accounting purposes, the organization provides for a uniform allocation of the discount to financial results during the period of circulation of the bill*

On February 24, Alfa LLC received an interest-free promissory note from a third party with a face value of 100,000 rubles in payment for consulting services previously provided by Master Production Company LLC.

The cost of services rendered, paid by a promissory note, is 59,000 rubles. (including VAT - 9000 rubles). The due date for the promissory note is August 2.

Debit 58-2 Credit 62
- 59,000 rubles. - received a third party promissory note in payment for services rendered.

Accounting policy for accounting purposes provides for a uniform accounting of the discount on the promissory note. The accountant of Alfa determined the amount of the discount for February as follows:
(100,000 rubles - 59,000 rubles) : 159 days x 4 days = 1031 rubles.

At the end of February, the following entry was made in the accounting:

Debit 58-2 Credit 91-1
- 1031 rubles. - reflected adjustment book value bills for the amount of the discount for February.

When accounting for promissory notes without a uniform distribution of the discount amount (second option), the promissory note is reflected at its original cost all the time that it is owned by the organization. At the same time, the discount does not affect the value of the asset and the financial results of the organization.

With this accounting option, the discount on the promissory note must be taken into account when the promissory note is retired, in particular, at the time of its redemption as a financial result from the operation.*

If an organization calculates income tax on an accrual basis, take into account the amount of interest (discount) on a bill in income every month in the amount attributable to it * (clause 6 of article 271 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

When repaying a bill, the interest (discount) received from the debtor, from which the organization previously paid income tax, should not be included in income if their amounts have already been taken into account in taxation * (clause 3 of article 248 and the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

If an organization reflects a promissory note in accounting as a financial investment at historical cost without adjusting for the amount of the discount, in accordance with PBU 18/02, a deductible temporary difference arises and a corresponding deferred tax asset arises. It will be repaid at the time of receipt of payment on the bill. This follows from paragraphs and PBU 18/02.

Oleg Khoroshiy, Head of the Corporate Profit Tax Department of the Tax and Customs Policy Department of the Ministry of Finance of Russia

Interest calculation

The calculation of interest on the received bill depends on the following indicators:

the amount on which interest is charged;
interest rate on a bill;
the duration of the period for which the calculation is made (for example, a month).

To determine the amount of interest on a bill for a month, use the formula:

The rate at which interest is charged is indicated on the bill itself. If the rate is not included in the bill, it is considered interest-free.*

This procedure follows from the articles and the Regulation approved

Discount calculation

Calculation of the discount on the received promissory note depends on the following factors:*

the total amount of the discount (the difference between the nominal and initial value of the bill);
quantity calendar days, remaining until the expiration of the term of circulation of the bill (ie, until the last day when it can be presented for payment);
the duration of the month for which the calculation is made.

To determine the discount amount on a promissory note for a month, use the formula:*

Monthly discount amount

Nominal value of a bill

–

Original value of the bill (acquisition price)

The number of calendar days remaining until the expiration of the bill of exchange

The number of calendar days of the month during which the bill was owned by the organization

This calculation procedure follows from paragraph 22 of PBU 19/02, paragraphs and PBU 9/99, paragraph 3 of Article 43 and paragraph 4 of Article 328 tax code RF.

The procedure for determining the number of calendar days remaining until the end of the circulation period does not depend on whose bill is received: a third party or the counterparty's own bill.

Determine the number of calendar days remaining until the expiration of the circulation period for the bill, starting from the day following the day of receipt of the bill, until the day when its circulation period ends.

As a rule, the end of the circulation period (the last day when the bill can be presented for payment, or any indication of this date) is indicated on the bill itself * (Article and Regulation, approved by the decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of August 7, 1937 No. 104/1341). For example, it may be the inscription "The bill is payable on the following date: December 24, 2010."

To correctly determine the number of calendar days in a month during which the bill was owned by the organization, you need to know:*

the date from which you want to start distributing the discount;
the date on which you want to stop accruals.

Calculation of discount for a month on a promissory note, start from the day following the day when the promissory note was received into ownership (for the month in which the promissory note was received), or the day of the beginning of the month (if the promissory note was received last month).

Consider the last day of distribution of the discount:

the last day of the month in accounting or tax accounting (if on this date the bill is the property of the organization);
the day the promissory note is retired from the property of the organization (for example, when sold or transferred to a counterparty on account of debt);
the day when the bill must be presented for redemption (the end of the bill circulation period).

An example of calculating the discount on a third party promissory note for a month*

On January 12, 2010 Alfa CJSC (seller) entered into a contract for the supply of a consignment of goods with Germes Trading Company LLC (buyer) for a total amount of 118,000 rubles. (including VAT - 18,000 rubles). The contract provides for the payment by the buyer of an advance payment in the amount of 23,600 rubles. (including VAT - 3600 rubles). On the same day, Hermes handed over to Alfa a promissory note from a third party (Sberbank of Russia) with a face value of 40,000 rubles as an advance payment. The due date for the promissory note is March 31, 2010. On this day, Alfa presented the bill for redemption.

- for January:
(40,000 rubles - 23,600 rubles) : 78 days x 19 days = 3995 rubles;

- for February:
(40,000 rubles - 23,600 rubles) : 78 days x 28 days = 5887 rubles;

- for March:
(40,000 rubles - 23,600 rubles) : 78 days x 31 days = 6518 rubles.

An example of calculating the discount on the counterparty's own promissory note for the month

On the same day, Hermes handed over to Alfa its own promissory note with a face value of 140,000 rubles, issued on January 11, 2010, to secure payment for the goods. The due date for the promissory note is March 31, 2010. On this day, Alfa presented the bill for redemption.

Alfa's accountant calculated the amount of the discount for each reporting period(month) during the entire time the bill is owned by the organization (from January 13 to March 31, 2010). The number of calendar days remaining until the expiration of the bill circulation period is 78 days (19 days + 28 days + 31 days).

The amount of the discount on the received promissory note of a third party was:

- for January:
(140,000 rubles - 118,000 rubles) : 78 days x 19 days = 5359 rubles;

- for February:
(140,000 rubles - 118,000 rubles) : 78 days x 28 days = 7897 rubles;

- for March:
(140,000 rubles - 118,000 rubles) : 78 days x 31 days = 8744 rubles.

Methodology for calculating the discount of promissory notes. Nominal value of a bill