1. After an inventory of the credit institution's property has been made, the bankruptcy commissioner shall proceed to the sale of the credit institution's property at open auction in the manner and on the terms determined by this Federal Law, unless another procedure for disposing of the credit institution's property is established by this article.
2. The bankruptcy commissioner, whose functions are performed by the Agency, in agreement with the Committee banking supervision The Bank of Russia transfers the property (assets) and liabilities of a credit institution or part thereof to the acquirer(s) in accordance with the procedure established by this article.
3. In order to agree on the transfer of property (assets) and liabilities of a credit institution or part thereof to the acquirer (acquirers), the bankruptcy commissioner sends a proposal to the Bank of Russia, which must contain information on the composition of the property (assets) and liabilities of the credit institution, the results of the assessment of property (assets) produced in accordance with the requirements this article, as well as justification for the expediency of transferring property (assets) and liabilities.
4. If the transfer of property (assets) and liabilities of a credit institution is proposed to be carried out in parts, the proposal of the bankruptcy commissioner referred to in paragraph 3 of this article must contain information on the composition of the property (assets) and obligations of the credit institution in respect of each of the transferred parts.
5. The amount of obligations of a credit institution transferred to the acquirer (acquirers) shall be determined by the bankruptcy commissioner on the basis of the information available in the credit institution. The value of the property (assets) of the credit institution transferred to the acquirer (acquirers) is determined in accordance with the report of the appraiser engaged by the bankruptcy trustee and acting on the basis of an agreement.
6. The Banking Supervision Committee of the Bank of Russia shall take a decision to approve the proposal of the bankruptcy trustee to transfer the property (assets) and obligations of the credit institution or to refuse to approve it no later than ten working days from the date of receipt of such proposal by the bankruptcy trustee and notify the bankruptcy trustee of decision no later than two working days from the date of the relevant decision.
7. The Banking Supervision Committee of the Bank of Russia has the right to refuse to approve the bankruptcy commissioner's proposal to transfer property (assets) and liabilities of a credit institution on the grounds established by a Bank of Russia regulation.
8. Within three working days from the date of receipt of a notice of the decision of the Bank of Russia Banking Supervision Committee on the approval of the proposal of the bankruptcy trustee to transfer the property (assets) and obligations of the credit organization, the bankruptcy trustee shall include in the Unified Federal Register of Information on Bankruptcy information on the selection of the acquirer ( acquirers) of the property (assets) and liabilities of the credit institution, which must contain the procedure for providing information on the composition of the transferred property (assets) and liabilities of the credit institution, on their value and on the methods of valuation.
9. Credit institutions licensed to attract Money individuals in deposits, is entitled to send to the bankruptcy trustee an application for participation in the selection of the acquirer (acquirers) of the property (assets) and liabilities of the credit institution within ten working days from the date of inclusion of the information specified in clause 4 of this article in the Unified Federal Register of Bankruptcy Information.
10. An application for participation in the selection of the acquirer (purchasers) of property (assets) and obligations of a credit institution must contain a proposal to postpone the fulfillment by the acquirer of obligations to the Agency as a creditor for obligations transferred to the Agency as a result of payment by the Agency insurance compensation depositors of the lending institution. The said delay may not exceed one year from the date of conclusion of an agreement on the transfer to the acquirer of the property (assets) and obligations of the credit institution.
12. The Banking Supervision Committee of the Bank of Russia has the right to refuse to approve the acquirer(s) of the property (assets) and liabilities of a credit institution on the grounds established by a regulation of the Bank of Russia.
13. In the event of the transfer to the acquirer (acquirers) of a part of the credit institution's obligations, the obligations of the creditors of the next order shall be transferred only after the full transfer of the obligations of the creditors of the previous orders. Such priority is determined in accordance with Article 189.92 of this federal law. A part of the obligations of a credit institution of one order may not be transferred to the acquirer, unless otherwise established by this article.
14. The transfer of property (assets) and liabilities of a credit institution or part thereof shall be carried out on the basis of the principles of good faith and reasonableness of the actions of the bankruptcy trustee, the equivalence of the amount of transferred obligations to the value of the transferred property (assets), protection of the rights and legitimate interests of creditors, including minimization of their losses in case of exercising their right to receive satisfaction of their legitimate claims against the credit institution, the priority and proportionality of satisfaction of creditors' claims, equality of creditors of the same priority.
15. The creditors of a credit institution must be notified by the bankruptcy commissioner of the forthcoming transfer of the property (assets) and liabilities of the credit institution or part thereof to the acquirer by sending to the official publication for publication a notice of the transfer of the said property (assets) and liabilities, as well as including it in the Unified Federal bankruptcy register. Such notification shall be published at least one month before the expected date of transfer to the acquirer of the property (assets) and liabilities of the credit institution or part thereof. A notice of the transfer to the acquirer of the property (assets) and obligations of a credit institution or part thereof must contain:
1) the name of the credit institution transferring property (assets) and liabilities or part thereof, its address and information identifying the credit institution (state registration number records of state registration legal entity, an identification number taxpayer);
2) the name of the acquiring credit institution to which the property (assets) and liabilities of the credit institution or part thereof are transferred, its address and information identifying the credit institution (state registration number of the entry on the state registration of the legal entity, taxpayer identification number);
3) criteria for classifying liabilities as liabilities transferred to the acquirer;
4) the procedure for the creditors of the credit institution to receive information on classifying obligations to them as obligations transferred to the acquirer.
16. Within a month from the date of publication of the notice on the transfer to the acquirer of the property (assets) and obligations of the credit institution or part thereof, the creditor of the credit institution shall have the right to send in writing to the credit institution a statement of disagreement with the transfer of rights and obligations under the agreement concluded by him with the credit institution . From the date of receipt by the bankruptcy commissioner of the said application, the proportional share of the property to be transferred shall be excluded by the bankruptcy commissioner from the credit institution's property to be transferred to the acquirer.
17. Claims of a creditor of a credit institution that has sent a written statement of disagreement with the transfer of rights and obligations under an agreement concluded by him with a credit institution shall be satisfied in accordance with the priority established by Article 189.92 of this Federal Law.
18. After the transfer of property (assets) and obligations of a credit institution or part thereof to the acquirer, the latter shall be obliged to fulfill the obligations received and (or) obligations to make obligatory payments on the terms and conditions that existed on the date of revocation of the credit institution's banking license.
19. Property (assets) and liabilities of a credit institution or part thereof shall be considered transferred to the acquirer from the date of signing deed of transfer by both sides. From that moment on, the acquirer is liable for the risk of accidental loss or accidental damage to the property received by him. Simultaneously with the signing of the act of transfer, the bankruptcy trustee sends to the official publication for publication information on the transfer of the property and obligations of the credit institution to the acquirer and includes the relevant information in the Unified Federal Register of Bankruptcy Information. Such information must contain the information specified in paragraph 15
23. Securities belonging to a credit institution admitted to circulation on an organized market valuable papers, can be sold at organized auctions or on the basis of a sale and purchase agreement concluded without bidding.
Part 1
The practice of banks applying Chapter 30 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, taking into account the clarifications of the Ministry of Finance of Russia, the Federal Tax Service of Russia and judicial practice:
- Assessment and forecasting of tax risks.
- Hierarchy tax clarifications regulatory bodies and judicial acts: letter to letter, definition definition - discord. - New in clarifications and judicial practice on property tax of banks in 2015-2016.
The impact of changes in 2016 in the accounting procedure for fixed assets of banks on tax base for corporate property tax:
- Changes in the procedure for the formation of the initial cost and recognition, depreciation and accounting for repairs and maintenance, revaluation and depreciation, derecognition and reclassification of fixed assets in accordance with Regulation No. 448-P - short review in terms of corporate property tax.
- What is the methodological inaccuracy of the letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 05.02.2016 N 03-05-04-01 / 5884, the prospects for its application and challenging.
- Bank property tax on lease and presence of branches in 2016.
Tax on property of banks, calculated at the cadastral value:
- Tax Code of the Russian Federation and regional legislation on objects subject to cadastral value.
- Application practice and disputes 2015-2016
Error correction:
- How to correct possible errors in the declaration for previous years.
- Is paragraph 3 of clause 1 of Article 54 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation applicable to corporate property tax?
- Clarification of the amount of property tax and income tax - an error or a new circumstance.
The cost of the first part - 7500 rub.
Form of study - face-to-face/online
Part 2
Practical use Regulations of the Bank of Russia dated December 22, 2014 No. 448-P:
- Formation of the cost of objects. Cost estimate at initial recognition. Recommended list of costs included in the initial cost. Problems of VAT accounting.
- Accounting and accounting estimates according to Regulation 448-P.
- Criteria of materiality for allocation of an inventory item. Recommendations for establishing materiality criteria in accounting policies (absolute cost limit, relative materiality level, qualitative materiality criterion). Classifier of fixed assets.
The choice of models and methods of accounting in accounting policies.
Accounting estimates in the formation of value at initial recognition and subsequent accounting of fixed assets:
- determination of the cost when buying with installment payment;
- obligations to dismantle and restore the environment;
- estimated salvage value;
- terms beneficial use.
Derecognition of property, plant and equipment.
- New in accounting intangible assets. Recognition of objects as intangible assets. In what cases is it permissible to use deferred expenses.
- Practical application and errors in accounting for real estate temporarily not used in the main activity (VNOD).
- New object accounting - long-term assets held for sale. Conditions for recognition as non-current assets held for sale.
Sales plan and requirements that apply to it. Implementation of the sales plan. Consequences of non-fulfillment of the plan for the sale of a long-term asset.
In what cases is it allowed to increase the terms of the sale of an asset.
New in inventory accounting.
Select how to write off their inventory category.
The new object of accounting is the means and objects of labor received under contracts of compensation and pledge, the purpose of which is not defined.
Recognition conditions.
Valuation at initial recognition and subsequent valuation of items. Accounting policy in terms of accounting for means and objects of labor.
Termination of recognition.
Impairment.
- List of indications of impairment. Criteria for the materiality of signs of impairment in accounting policies.
- The recoverable amount and value in use of the item. Estimation of future cash flows.
Property tax effective January 1, 2016. The impact of accounting on the tax base:
Organization of workflow, internal documents and procedures for checking for depreciation of fixed assets and other objects.
The cost of the second part - 7800 rub.
Form of study - face-to-face/online
Part 3
- Changes in the property accounting procedure from July 1, 2016: sale of fixed assets with a zero residual value; transfer of property, plant and equipment to non-current assets held for sale
- Features of the classification of property as an object of fixed assets, questions of the formation of its initial cost: materiality criterion; VAT; combining homogeneous objects into one object; cost accounting for overhaul and technical inspection; reflection of future costs for dismantling, liquidation and restoration of the environment; purchase of property with deferred (installment) payment
- Current Application Issues salvage value: economic entity; initial calculation; materiality criterion; subsequent revision; formula for calculating depreciation after a subsequent revision
- Features of the annual review of the useful life and the method of depreciation
- Accounting for property received under contracts of compensation, pledge: classification by category; definition of reliable fair value; VAT; follow-up evaluation; current and capital expenditures
- Accounting for intangible assets: classification features; VAT; determination of the useful life; subsequent costs
- Topical issues of inventory accounting: the formation of the initial cost; follow-up options; write-off to production; features of accounting for materials on the new account No. 61013
- Features of the application from January 1, 2016 of accounts for accounting for expenses (income) of future periods
The cost of the third part - 8200 rub.
Form of study - face-to-face/online
Event cost: 16500 rub.
Form of study: In person / Webinar
According to Appendix No. 10 to the Regulation of the Bank of the Russian Federation No. 302-P “On the rules for maintaining accounting records in credit institutions located on the territory Russian Federation» fixed assets are recognized as part of the property with a useful life exceeding 12 months, used as a means of labor for the provision of services, management of a credit institution, as well as in cases stipulated by sanitary-hygienic, technical-operational and other special technical standards and requirements.
Fixed assets include weapons, regardless of cost, as well as weapons received by credit institutions for temporary use from internal affairs bodies in accordance with Federal Law No. 150-FZ of December 13, 1996, as amended on December 6, 2011 lease rights.
Fixed assets also include capital investments in leased fixed assets, if, in accordance with the concluded lease agreement, these capital investments are the property of the lessee.
Signaling and telephone facilities, regardless of cost, if they are not included in the cost of buildings, during construction;
Books, no matter the cost.
The head of the bank has the right to set a limit on the value of items for their inclusion in fixed assets, for example, when accepting an object for accounting as a fixed asset in commercial non-credit organizations, the value of the object must be at least twenty thousand rubles. Items below the set limit are considered inventories.
The unit of accounting for fixed assets is an inventory object, which is assigned an inventory number and a personal account is opened in accordance with the requirements for personal accounts described in Appendix No. 10 to Regulation of the Bank of the Russian Federation No. territory of the Russian Federation". Analytical accounting fixed assets is organized by object, according to personal accounts of items on inventory cards or inventory books 0489007, as well as in the journal of fixed assets 0489008. The numbers indicated on the items taken into account are affixed to the cards. Cards are placed in a card index by groups of homogeneous objects.
It is allowed to maintain group passport cards for several identical items purchased at the same time. The journal of fixed assets at the end of the year is not concluded and entries in it continue into the new year. According to the places of operation of objects, a list of inventory objects assigned to financially responsible persons is compiled. The basis for filling out inventory cards or books are primary accounting documents(acts of acceptance and transfer of fixed assets, technical data sheets and other documents characterizing the state of the object, its purpose and procedure, operating conditions).
If one object has several parts, the useful lives of which differ significantly, each such part is accounted for as an independent inventory object.
The receipt of fixed assets may be as a result of construction (construction), creation (manufacturing), acquisition and other receipts.
All types of fixed assets are reflected in accounting at the initial cost, which is determined for objects:
Contributed by shareholders (participants) as a contribution to authorized capital bank - by agreement of the parties.
Received free of charge - by expert means or according to the documents of acceptance and transfer of fixed assets, or at a market price.
Purchased for a fee - based on the actual costs incurred, including the cost of delivery, installation, assembly, installation.
Built - at actual cost.
The specific composition of costs for the construction (construction), creation (manufacturing), acquisition of property (including taxes) is determined by the credit institution in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, including regulatory legal acts Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation.
A change in the initial cost is allowed during the completion, additional equipment, reconstruction, partial liquidation and revaluation of the object.
Fixed assets can also be accounted for at the restored cost, which arises as a result of revaluation of fixed assets carried out by decision of the government.
Replacement cost is the cost of reproduction of fixed assets in this moment time, that is, the acquisition or construction of objects based on current prices or the cost of manufacturing them in new conditions. Since, for example, in conditions of inflation, the cost of raw materials, materials, spare parts, wage rates increase, any credit institution needs to create a source of financing to replace worn-out facilities in greater amount than their original cost, respectively, when the objects are sold, the sale value should increase.
Revaluation is carried out either through centrally established coefficients, or by direct conversion of the original cost into the restored value according to the documented market price. At the same time, the amount of previously accrued depreciation is also recalculated. The result of the revaluation changes not only the initial cost and depreciation of the object, but also creates a new source - additional capital on account 10601 "Increment in the value of property during revaluation".
Banks may not more than once a year - on January 1 of the reporting year - revalue fixed assets at replacement cost by indexing or direct recalculation at documented market prices, in accordance with Article 40 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. The results of the revaluation are reflected in the accounting records in January.
It is allowed to keep accounting records of fixed assets in whole rubles, but with rounding only upwards. In this case, fixed assets are recorded in whole rubles, and the rounding amount in kopecks is credited to the income account.
For the general accounting of fixed assets, an active account 604 "Fixed assets" is used, which provides organization and accounting for the availability, movement of fixed assets that are in operation, stock, mothballed, leased. The same account includes land, owned by a credit institution, and other objects of nature management, as well as capital investments in leased objects of fixed assets.
In the debit of the accounts, the amounts of capitalized fixed assets are posted in correspondence with accounting accounts capital investments, for accounting for additional capital for the amount of revaluation of fixed assets carried out in in due course, authorized capital on the cost of fixed assets contributed to the payment of the authorized capital.
The credit of the accounts reflects the amounts of retired fixed assets in correspondence with the account for accounting for the disposal (sale) of property, with the account for accounting for the increase in the value of property during revaluation.
Accounting is carried out by groups of fixed assets formed on the accounts of the second order:
Account 60401 "Buildings and structures";
Account 60404 "Earth";
Account 60405 “Provisions for possible losses”.
As a result of operation, any object from the above fixed assets wears out, that is, it loses its technical and economic properties and physical qualities. The cost expression for the loss of these properties by objects is called the depreciation of fixed assets.
Each bank, as the owner of fixed assets, needs to ensure the accumulation of funds (sources) for the acquisition and restoration of depreciated objects. This is achieved through depreciation deductions, which are included in the bank's expenses. The norms are annual, they serve as the basis for calculating the service life of the facility. If throughout the life of the object the amount of depreciation is the same (at a constant initial cost), then this type of depreciation calculation is called linear. Depreciation is charged from next month after the month of posting to the balance sheet and ends from the next month after the month of the object's disposal.
Depreciation is charged “for full recovery”, that is, it means not only physical, but also moral depreciation of objects, which means that depreciation is charged on objects that are in operation and in reserve (reserve).
The maximum amount of accrued depreciation (amortization) for each object must be equal to the book (initial) cost of the object minus the balance of the revaluation fund for this fixed asset object. For the accounting and movement of depreciation (depreciation) of fixed assets, account No. 606 “Depreciation of fixed assets” is used - passive. The credit balance means not only the amount of accrued depreciation included in the bank's expenses, but also its increase or decrease as a result of revaluation: debit turnover - write-off (decrease) of depreciation due to the disposal of fixed assets and revaluation, for credit - depreciation and its increase at the time of revaluation. Depreciation is calculated monthly. Analytical accounting is organized by personal accounts.
In inventory cards and books, the fact of revaluation, that is, a record of replacement cost and depreciation, must also be recorded. For credit institutions, the amounts of depreciation and amortization do not match, since depreciation is the amounts that make up the bank's expenses, and depreciation includes an additional amount received as a result of revaluation.
Depreciation is not charged for:
Objects of external improvement
Land plots and objects of nature management
Works of art, interior and design items, antiques.
Fixed assets received for free use.
Items costing below the set limit.
The head of the bank determines the methods of depreciation and approves them with an order on accounting policies.
The property is removed from the credit institution as a result of:
Transfer of ownership, including the sale;
Write-offs due to unsuitability for further use as a result of moral or physical deterioration, liquidation in case of accidents, natural disasters and other emergency situations.
In order to determine the suitability of property for further use, the possibility of its restoration, as well as to draw up documentation for the write-off of property that has become unusable, a commission of relevant officials is created in a credit institution. At the same time, the commission should include the deputy head of the credit institution, Chief Accountant(accountant), a representative of the legal service, other specialists (by decision of the head) and persons who are responsible for the safety of property.
Analytical accounting of retirement is maintained on personal accounts opened for each object.
In order to account for retired fixed assets and the results of their disposal, the Chart of Accounts provides for account No. 612 “Disposal and sale”.
The debit of the account shows:
The balance sheet value of the disposed of property in correspondence with the relevant accounts for its accounting;
Disposal costs in correspondence with accounts for accounting for settlements with suppliers, contractors and buyers;
The amount payable in the event of an unequal exchange under an exchange agreement, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for settlements with suppliers, contractors and buyers, or the amount paid in correspondence with an account for accounting for funds.
The credit of the account reflects:
Proceeds from the sale of property, determined by the sale and purchase agreement, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for settlements with suppliers, contractors and buyers or for accounting for funds;
The market price of property received under exchange agreements, in correspondence with the account for accounting for capital investments, if the property received is fixed assets, as well as the amount to be received in case of an unequal exchange, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for settlements with suppliers, contractors and buyers;
Depreciation accrued on a retired item of fixed assets or intangible assets, in correspondence with depreciation accounts;
Payments not paid to the lessor in case of early return of leased property to the lessor in the cases established by the contract in correspondence with the account for accounting for lease obligations.
When writing off property due to its unsuitability for further use on a loan personal account also reflected:
Amounts of compensation for material damage from shortages or damage to valuables recovered from guilty persons in correspondence with an account for accounting for settlements with employees for wages, settlements with employees for accountable amounts or with an account for accounting for settlements with other debtors and creditors;
Amounts of insurance compensation received or to be received from insurers in correspondence with accounts for accounting for settlements with other debtors and creditors.
A credit institution has the right not only to sell fixed assets or purchase them, but also to act as a lessor or lessee of an item of fixed assets.
In accordance with international standards lease can be financial (leasing) and current.
A finance lease (leasing) is a lease under which substantially all the risks and rewards associated with the ownership of an asset are transferred to the lessee, while the risks include obsolescence of the asset and Negative consequences from the use of the leased asset, and to income - the increase in the value of the leased asset.
Depreciation by the lessor on leased property is not charged. Leased items transferred to the lessee are accounted for on the off-balance sheet account for accounting for property transferred to the balance of the lessee. Accounting for transactions related to the sale of financial lease (leasing) services and determining financial result from them is made on the accounts for accounting for the sale of leasing services.
A current lease covers any type of lease that is not a finance lease.
Property provided to the tenant for temporary possession and use or for temporary use is recorded on the balance sheet of the lessor.
To account for the lease and leasing of fixed assets, the following accounts are used:
Account 60401 "Buildings and structures" - accounting for the book value of the transferred object of fixed assets for rent on the lessor's balance sheet;
Account 915 “Rental and leasing operations” (off-balance sheet account), namely, account 91501 “Fixed assets leased out” - this account records book value property leased by a credit institution-lessee, or the book value of property leased from a credit institution-lessor is taken into account;
Account 608 "Financial lease (leasing)", namely accounts 60804 "Property received under financial lease (leasing)", 60805 "Depreciation of fixed assets received under financial lease (leasing)" and 60806 "Lease obligations";
Account 603 "Settlements with debtors and creditors", namely account 60312 "Settlements with suppliers, contractors and buyers";
Account 613 “Deferred income”, namely, account 61304 “Deferred income from other operations”.
Thus, the main accounting records accounting for the movement of fixed assets will be as follows:
D 60701 - K 60311 (60312) - the contractual value of the acquired fixed assets.
D 60701 - K 60311 (60312) - the cost of delivery, installation and installation of fixed assets.
D 60312 - KT 30102 - advance payment in accordance with the construction contract.
D 60701 - K 60312 - acceptance of work performed.
D 60401 - K 60701 - commissioning of the facility.
D 60401 - K 70605 - receiving an object of fixed assets free of charge.
D 60701 - K 60712 - accounting for the costs of delivering and bringing the specified objects to a state in which they are suitable for use.
D 60701 - K 61205 - accounting for the receipt of an object of fixed assets under an exchange agreement (this entry is made simultaneously with D 61209 - K 60312.
D 60401 - K 10207 (10208) - receipt of fixed assets as a contribution to the authorized capital when creating a bank.
D 60401 - K 60322 - receipt of fixed assets on account of a contribution to the authorized capital in case of an increase in the authorized capital.
D 10601 - (70606) - K 60401 - the amount of depreciation of the fixed asset item.
D 60401 - K 10601 - the amount of revaluation of the fixed asset object.
D 70606 - K 60601 - depreciation.
D 10601 - K 60601 - revaluation of depreciation.
D60601 - K10601 - depreciation markdown.
D 60601 - K 61209 - write-off of depreciation upon disposal of an item of fixed assets.
D 91501 - K 99999 - lease of fixed assets (when a credit institution is a lessor).
D 60312 - K 70601 - rent has been accrued.
D 30102 - K60312 - rent received.
D 99998 - K 91507 - leasing an object of fixed assets (when a credit institution is a tenant).
D 70606 - K 60312 - accrual and transfer in favor of the lessor of rent.
D 60312 - K 30102 - transfer rent payment landlord.
D 91507 - K 99998 - return of the leased fixed asset to the lessor.
D 61209 - K 60401 - the initial (replacement) cost of retired fixed assets.
D 61200 - K 60305 (60303, 60308.60311) - expenses associated with the disposal of fixed assets.
D 61209 - K60309 - accrual of VAT on sold, donated and exchanged fixed assets.
D 61209 - K 70601 - profit from the disposal of fixed assets.
D 61008 - K 61209 - the cost of materials (spare parts) capitalized from the liquidation of an object of fixed assets.
D 60305 (60323) - K 61209 - the residual value of the shortage of the fixed asset.
D 60312 - K 61209 - proceeds from the sale of fixed assets.
D 70606 - K 61209 - loss from disposal of fixed assets.
In banking accounting, all property of a credit institution is divided into 3 categories:
- 1. Fixed assets (60401).
- 2. Intangible assets (60901).
- 3. inventories (610 (02, 08-11))
Each item of property bank-owned was paid, i.e. the bank became the owner of this property as a result of expenses incurred (exception: property received by the bank free of charge). One of the main tasks of accounting for property is to reflect in the accounting operations for reimbursement of bank expenses in connection with the acquisition of various objects of property. CBs are allowed to reimburse their costs for various property objects by attributing the amount of these costs to the bank's current expenses, which are covered by its current income.
The process of reimbursement of the bank's costs for fixed assets and nemat. assets are produced by depreciation, i.e. the bank reimburses itself for the costs gradually, in installments during the useful life of the object.
Reimbursement for mat. inventories at their full book value are produced on the day this property is put into operation (ie depreciation is not charged on mat. inventories).
The bank can become the owner of the property in the following ways:
- 1) The receipt of property in the ownership of the bank in the form of contributions to its UK.
- 2) Purchase (acquisition) of property objects.
- 3) Creation (construction) of property objects by the credit institution itself.
- 4) Transfer to the ownership of the property bank upon completion leasing operation where the bank is the lessee.
- 5) Receipt of property objects in the property on a gratuitous basis.
- 1) Accounting mat. stocks in credit institutions.
- 1. From the cash desk of the bank, the financially responsible person was given cash for the purchase of retail household inventory (financially responsible persons are those bank employees with whom a liability agreement has been concluded; only these employees can be issued cash from the cash desk for the purchase of any material assets): Dt 60308 - Kt 20202 - 500.
- 2. The financially responsible person reported on spending accountable amount, transferring to the warehouse of the bank households. inventory in the amount of 500 and making an advance report with the application of sales receipts: Dt 61009 - Kt 60308 - 500.
- 3. Part of the acquired household. inventory transferred to St. Petersburg for use (300): Dt 70606 - Kt 61009 - 300.
- 2) Accounting for fixed assets in credit institutions.
All material values that the bank has are means of labor, i.e. they create the necessary conditions for the activities of a credit institution. At the same time, in accounting they are divided into 2 categories of property: fixed assets and inventories.
This division is made depending on 2 factors:
- 1. service life (up to 1 year, more than 1 year).
- 2. the main factor is the cost per unit of the property.
The management of the bank sets a limit on the cost per unit of an object of property, depending on which this object will be taken into account either as part of the fixed assets or as part of the mat. stocks.
- 1) The Bank received fixed assets in the form of a contribution to the Criminal Code: Dt 60401 (A +) - Kt 10207 (P +).
- 2) The property of the bank was transferred to the fixed assets at the end of the leasing operation, in which the bank acted as the lessee: Dt 60401 (A +) - Kt 60804 (A-).
- 3) The Bank has received on a gratuitous basis hoz. inventory and accessories: Dt 61009 (A+) (there may also be accounts 60401, 60901) - Kt 70601 (P-).
The value of property received free of charge is reflected in the current income of the bank; if objects of fixed assets or intangible assets are received, depreciation is not charged on them.
Accounting for transactions on the purchase (acquisition) of fixed assets.
The bank has the right to accrue depreciation on the object accepted for operation from the month following the month of acceptance into operation. Depreciation is charged until its total amount matches the book value of the asset.
If the property items have been revalued and their book value has increased, then the amount of monthly depreciation is recalculated taking into account the revaluation.
The bank purchases a specialized auto-collection vehicle.
- 1. An advance payment has been made for a cash-in-transit vehicle purchased from a non-resident company. Prepayment in US dollars: Dt 60312 810 (A+) - Kt 30114 840 (A-) - 960.
- 2. A collection vehicle was received from the supplier: Dt 60701 810 (A+) - Kt 60312 810 (A-) - 960.
- 3. With cor. invoices paid for the services of a transport company for the transportation of this car (10% of the value of the object): Dt 60701 (A +) - Kt 30102 (A-) - 96.
- 4. Paid for the services of the company in preparing the collection car for operation: Dt 60701 (A +) - Kt 30102 (A-) - 48.
- 5. According to the act, the car was accepted into operation by the collection service of the bank and is recorded as an asset asset owned by the bank on the right of ownership (the book value of the object was formed according to the debit of the balance sheet account 60701): Dt 60401 (A +) - Kt 60701 (A-) - 1104.
- 6. Because Since the collection vehicle was put into operation in November 2007, depreciation will begin on December 1, 2007. The useful life of the specified car is 3 years, thus, the amount of monthly depreciation deductions is 30.7: Dt 70606 (A +) - Kt 60601 (P +) - 30.7.
The book value of the object is 1140, the useful life is 3 years. Based on the book value and useful life of the object, the amount of monthly depreciation is charged: 1140/36=30.7: Dt 70606 - Kt 60601 - 30.7 monthly. To account for depreciation for this object, a separate personal account is opened on account 60601.
7. The car has been in operation for 1 year and during this time the amount of accrued depreciation amounted to 368.4. Then the car got into an accident and could not be restored:
- 1. A retired OS object is written off - a car after an accident that cannot be restored:
- 1.1 The car is written off as an asset asset at its book value: Dt 61209 - Kt 60401 - 1104.
- 1.2 The depreciation accrued on the retired car is written off: Dt 60601 - Kt 61209 - 368.4.
- 1.3 Received parts from a decommissioned car, suitable for use as a spare part. parts: Dt 61002 - Kt 61209 - 31.6.
- 1.4 The bank's expenses are deducted from the loss from the operation of this car: Dt 70606 - Kt 61209 - 704.
- 2. The OS object is written off - a car in connection with its sale:
- 2.1 The book value of the sold car is written off: Dt 61209 - Kt 60401 - 1104.
- 2.2 The accrued depreciation is written off for the sold car: Dt 60601 - Kt 61209 - 1104.
- 2.3 The proceeds from the sale of this car are reflected in the accounting: Dt 30102 - Kt 61209 - 301.6.
- 2.4 Profit from the operation of this car is written off to income: Dt 61209 - Kt 70601 - 301.6.
To perform its functions, the bank needs a material and technical base: buildings (premises), computer and organizational equipment, furniture, safe equipment and other household inventory, which, according to the classification of funds established in accounting, may relate to fixed assets or to material values. In addition, banks can use various rights in their activities, which are called intangible assets in accounting.
Tangible assets, along with fixed assets and intangible assets, constitute the property of a credit institution
Property accounting must ensure:
- Correct paperwork and timely reflection receipts, internal movement, disposal of property;
- Reliable determination of the initial cost of property, taking into account all costs associated with the construction (construction), creation (manufacturing), acquisition and other receipts of property;
- full reflection of the costs of changing the initial value of the property during completion, additional equipment, modernization, reconstruction, technical re-equipment, partial liquidation;
- Control over the safety of property accepted for accounting;
- determination of the actual costs associated with the maintenance of property;
- Reliable determination of the results from the sale and other disposal of property;
- Obtaining information about the property required for disclosure in financial statements.
In order to fulfill these tasks, a credit institution must develop rational document management systems and identify persons responsible for the safety of property.
All transactions must be supported by supporting documents. These documents are the primary accounting documents on the basis of which accounting is maintained. Registration of primary accounting documents is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law "On Accounting".
The initial cost of property (excluding intangible assets) acquired for a fee, including that which has been in operation, is the sum of the actual costs of the credit institution for the construction (construction), creation (manufacturing), acquisition, delivery and bringing it to a condition in which it is suitable for use.
The initial cost of property received as a contribution to the charter capital of a credit institution is the agreed value of the founders (participants) of its monetary value, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation, and the actual costs of its delivery and bringing it to the state in which it is suitable for use.
The initial cost of property received under a donation agreement and in other cases gratuitous receipt, is market price property on the date of acceptance for accounting and the actual costs of its delivery and bringing it to the state in which it is suitable for use.
The valuation of property, the value of which upon acquisition is expressed in foreign currency, is determined in rubles according to official exchange rate foreign exchange in relation to the ruble, established central bank Russian Federation, effective on the date of acceptance of property for accounting.
The property is removed from the credit institution as a result of:
- transfer of ownership (including the sale);
- write-offs due to unsuitability for further use (as a result of moral or physical wear and tear, liquidation in case of accidents, natural disasters and other emergencies).
In order to determine the suitability of property for further use, the possibility of its restoration, as well as to draw up documentation for the write-off of property that has become unusable, a commission of relevant officials is created in a credit institution. At the same time, the commission should include the deputy head of the credit institution, the chief accountant (accountant), a representative of the legal service, other specialists (by decision of the head) and persons who are responsible for the safety of property.
The competence of the commission includes:
Inspection of the property to be written off, using technical documentation, accounting data, establishing its unsuitability for restoration and further use;
establishing the reasons for the write-off of property;
- - identification of persons through whose fault the disposal of property occurred, making proposals for bringing these persons to responsibility;
- - determination of the possibility of using or selling (including as recyclable materials, scrap, salvage) individual components, parts, materials of the written-off property and their assessment, control over the withdrawal from the written-off property of individual components, parts, materials consisting or containing non-ferrous and precious metals, determination of weight, cost and delivery to the warehouse;
- - drawing up an act for the write-off of an object of fixed assets, an act for write-off vehicles with the application of accident reports, if any. These acts must contain data characterizing the object - the date the object was accepted for accounting, the year of manufacture, acquisition or construction, the time of commissioning, useful life, initial cost, the amount of accrued depreciation (wear and tear), repairs carried out, reasons for disposal , the state of the main parts, parts, assemblies, structural elements. These acts are approved by the head of the credit institution.
