Unified system of design documentation: Reference manual. Unified system of design documentation

1. one system design documentation: Reference manual / Borushek S.S., Volkov A.A., Efimova M.M. and other 2nd ed. revised. and additional M.: Publishing house of standards, 1989.

2. Fedorenkov A., Kimaev A. AutoCAD 2002: a practical course. M.: DESS COM, 2002.

3. Guide to the design of automatic control systems: Textbook for students spec. "Automation and telemechanics" / Besekersky V.A., Vlasov V.F., Gomzin V.N. and etc.; Ed. V.A. Besekersky. Moscow: Higher school, 1983.

4. Klyuev A.S., Glazov B.V., Dubrovsky A.Kh., Klyuev A.A. Design of Process Automation Systems: Reference Manual / Ed. A.S. Klyuev. 2nd ed. Revised and added. M .: Energoatomizdat, 1990.

5. Installation of measuring instruments and automation: Handbook / Alekseev K.A., Antipin V.S., Ganashek A.L. and etc.; Ed. A.S. Klyuev. 3rd ed., revised. and add. M .: Energoatomizdat, 1988.

6. Chistyakov S.F., Chistyakov V.S. Installation of measuring instruments and automation of heat and power processes at power plants. M .: Energoatomizdat, 1987.

7. Shuvalov V.V., Ogadzhanov G.A., Golubyatnikov V.A. Automation production processes in the chemical industry. Moscow: Chemistry, 1991.480 p.

APPENDIX

Table A1.1

Failure rates for .

Continuation of the table. P1.1

Continuation of the table. P1.1

The end of the table. P1.1

Table A1.2

Correction factor values ​​depending on the impact

mechanical factors

Table A1.3

Correction factor values k 3 depending on humidity

and ambient temperature

Table A1.4

SPECIFICATION

for devices and automation equipment

Rice. P1.1. An example of a drawing "Front view" of a cabinet board (for position numbers, see below in Fig. A1.6 and A1.7)

Rice. P1.2. Mnemonic diagram (front view):

1 - symbol of a centrifugal pump; 2 – valve symbol, 3 – pit symbol; four – panel;

5 - signal armature ASKM, red lens; 6 – the same, the lens is green; 7 - the same, the lens is yellow

Rice. P1.3. Front view of a composite shield (example):

1-4 - shields 1-4, respectively; 5-8 - mnemonic diagrams 1-4, respectively;

9 - panel according to OST 36.13-76 type PnV-D-UHL4; 10 - PnV-1000; 11 - PnD-SchPK-1000;

12 - PnTD-SchPK; 13 - inserts according to OST 36.13-76 type VU-45-UHL4; 14 -WOOD-45-UHL4

Rice. P1.4. View of the inner planes of the shield fig. P1.1 (execution example; see item numbers in Fig. P1.6 and P1.7)

Rice. P1.5. Form 1 of the table of inscriptions and an example of its filling

for the shield in fig. P1.1

Rice. P1.6. The first sheet - form 2 of the list of components of the shield

in fig. P1.1

Rice. P1.7. Follow-up sheet - form 2 a shield components list

in fig. P1.1

Rice. P1.8. An example of an image of the frontal plane of the shield and the layout of the assembly drawing.

Rice. P1.9. Design assignment form

Rice. P1.10. Title page final qualifying work

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The handbook contains the main provisions of the Unified Design Documentation System (ESKD), general rules for the execution of drawings, rules for the execution of drawings of typical engineering products, separate rules and regulations for the development of drawings are systematized, which greatly simplifies the search for the necessary information.

Designed for designers, technologists, engineering and technical workers of mechanical engineering and instrumentation, as well as students of engineering specialties of universities and technical schools.

INTRODUCTION

The Unified System for Design Documentation (ESKD) is the most important system of permanent technical and organizational requirements that ensure the interchange of design documentation without its re-issuance between industries and individual enterprises. It allows for the expansion of unification in the design development of projects for industrial products, the simplification of document forms and the reduction of their nomenclature, as well as graphic images, the mechanized and automated creation of documentation, and, most importantly, the readiness of industry to organize the production of any product at any enterprise in the shortest possible time.

In full compliance with the ESKD standards, on the basis of the "Comprehensive Program for the Further Deepening and Improvement of Cooperation and the Development of Socialist Economic Integration of the CMEA Member Countries," a set of CMEA ESKD standards is being developed. More than 120 ESKD CMEA standards have already been developed and implemented. The introduction of this system ensures the unity of the implementation and execution of design documentation for all CMEA member countries and contributes to the expansion of scientific, technical and economic cooperation.

Carried out for last years The State Standard, together with ministries and departments, work on the standardization of the rules for the development, execution and circulation of design documentation when creating new products made it possible, in particular, to simplify the execution of documents, eliminate the variety of forms of documentation that had previously existed in the country, improve its quality and information content, streamline the transfer and use of developments, which ultimately ensures an increased readiness of the industry for the organization of production. The successful implementation of ESKD has shown the viability and effectiveness of the system. At the same time, in connection with the development of new design methods, it is necessary to constantly improve the ESKD standards in order to apply them in the conditions of operation. automated systems.

The Directory highlights the main standards of the O, 1, 3 and 4th classification groups, which designers, engineering and technical workers, as well as students of engineering specialties of universities and technical schools most often have to deal with in their practical work and study. The fourth edition of the Handbook has been substantially revised and supplemented with new standards. The material is presented methodically, the requirements of the standards are linked by topic.

GENERAL PROVISIONS

The unified system of design documentation is a set of state standards that establish interrelated uniform rules and regulations on the procedure for developing the design and circulation of design documentation developed and applied by organizations and enterprises of the Soviet Union.

These unified rules apply to all types of design documents, to registration, regulatory, technical and technological documentation, as well as to scientific, technical and educational literature. The composition of the standards included in the ESKD is determined by the lists published State Committee USSR according to the standards in in due course.

The set of ESKD standards in the designation is assigned class 2, and all of it is placed in the T52 group of the index " State standards USSR".

ESKD standards are divided into 10 classification groups:

0 — General provisions;

1 - Basic provisions;

2 - Classification and designation of products in design documents;

3 - General rules for the execution of drawings;

4 - Rules for the execution of drawings of engineering and instrumentation products;

5 - Rules for the circulation of design documents (accounting, storage, duplication, changes);

6 - Rules for the implementation of operational and repair documentation;

7 - Rules for the implementation of schemes;

8 - Rules for the implementation of construction and shipbuilding documents;

9 - Other standards.

The designation of ESKD standards is based on the classification principle. Each group can have 99 standards.

The standard number consists of the number 2 (class of ESKD standards), separated by a dot from the subsequent designation; numbers after the dot (classification group of ESKD standards); a two-digit number indicating the serial number of the standard in this group, and a two-digit number after the dash, indicating the year of registration of the standard.

TYPES OF PRODUCTS

The standard establishes the types of products of all industries in the implementation of design documentation. Product - an item or a set of items of production to be manufactured at the enterprise. Products, depending on their purpose, are divided into products of the main production and products auxiliary production.

The product of the main production is a product intended for delivery by the manufacturer to the customer (consumer).

Auxiliary product - a product intended only for the own needs of the enterprise manufacturing it.

Products intended for delivery (realization) and at the same time used for their own needs by the enterprise that manufactures them should be classified as products of the main production.

Four types of products are installed: parts - shaft, bushing, wheel, etc.; assembly units - machine, bearing; complexes - automatic line, motor ship; kits - spare parts for the machine, etc. Parts have no component parts. Assembly units, complexes and kits have components (Fig. 1), the list of which depends on the specific product. In relation to the implementation of design documents, products are divided into specified - assembly units, complexes and kits, and unspecified - parts. A part is a product manufactured by an enterprise from a material that is homogeneous in name and brand without the use of assembly operations.

The part can be made using joining operations (local soldering, welding, gluing, sewing, etc.) or (and) have a protective or decorative coating (chrome-plated screw; tube soldered or welded from one piece of sheet material; box, glued from one piece of cardboard).

Assembly unit - a product, the components of which are to be interconnected at the manufacturing plant by assembly operations (screwing, articulation, riveting, welding, soldering, crimping, flaring, gluing, stitching, laying, etc.).

Assembly units, if necessary, also include:

1) products for which the design provides for their disassembly into component parts by the manufacturer, for example, for ease of packaging and transportation;

2) a set of assembly units and (or) parts that have a common functional purpose and jointly installed at the manufacturer in another assembly unit, for example, the electrical equipment of the machine; set of components of a mortise lock (lock, striker plate, keys);

3) a set of assembly units and (or) parts that have a common functional purpose, which are jointly placed at the manufacturer in stowage tools (case, box, etc.), which are intended to be used together with the products placed in them, for example, a cooker, a set of end plane-parallel measures of length.

Complex - two or more specified products of mutually related purpose, not connected at the manufacturing plant by assembly operations, but intended to perform interrelated operational functions. Each of these specified products included in the complex serves to perform one or more basic functions established for the entire complex. For example: automatic workshop, automatic plant, etc.

The complex, in addition to products that perform the main functions, may include parts, assembly units and kits designed to perform auxiliary functions, for example, parts and assembly units intended for installation of the complex at its place of operation; a set of spare parts, styling products, containers, etc.

Set - two or more products that are not connected at the manufacturing plant by assembly operations and represent a set of products that have a general operational purpose of an auxiliary nature (a set of spare parts, a set of tools and accessories, a set of measuring equipment, a set of packaging containers, etc.). Kits also include assembly units or parts supplied together with a set of other assembly units and (or) parts designed to perform auxiliary functions during the operation of this assembly unit or part (an oscilloscope complete with a packing box, spare parts, mounting tool, replaceable parts).

TYPES AND COMPLETENESS OF DESIGN DOCUMENTS

Types of design documents

Design documents (hereinafter referred to as documents) include graphic and text documents that, individually or in combination, determine the composition and design of the product, contain the necessary data for its development or manufacture, control, acceptance, operation and repair. Graphic documents include drawings and diagrams, text documents include specifications, maps. technical level, specification sheet, etc.

Documents, depending on the stage of development, are divided into design (technical proposal, draft design, technical design) and working (working documentation).

Depending on the nature of the execution and their use, documents are of the following types: originals, originals, duplicates, copies.

Original - a document made on any material and intended for the production of originals from it. The original is a document issued with authentic, established signatures and made on any material that allows multiple reproduction of copies from it. It is allowed to use as an original the original, a reprographic copy or a copy of a document published in a typographical way, endorsed by the original signatures of the persons who developed this document and responsible for regulation.

Duplicate - a copy of the original, providing the identity of the reproduction of the original, made on any material that allows making copies from it.

Copy - a document made in a way that ensures its identity with the original (duplicate), and intended for direct use in the development, production, operation and repair of products. Copies are also microfilm copies obtained from a duplicate microfilm.

Documents intended for one-time use in production (documents of a layout, benches for laboratory work, etc.) may be made in the form of draft design documents. The rules for the execution of draft design documents should not differ from the rules for the execution of working design documents, with the exception of the following:

1) documents can exist only in originals;

2) documents may be designated according to a system different from the designation of working design documents;

3) in the documents, if necessary, various kinds of technological explanations can be given;

4) it is allowed not to indicate the mass of the product and its components in the documents;

5) letters are not indicated in the documents;

6) changes are made to the documents in any way accepted at the enterprise-developer.

Sketch design documents differ from sketches.

Sketch - a sketch on paper of a product, process with explanations related to them. Sketches are usually done by hand and are not design documents. However, when making sketches, you must adhere to general rules execution of design documents and especially the rules for the execution of drawings for their unambiguous understanding.

The rules for the execution and circulation of draft documents must be reflected in industry standards and enterprise standards.

Completeness of design documents

When determining the completeness of design documents for a product, they distinguish: the main design document, the main set of documents, the complete set of documents.

The main design documents are: detail drawing - for details; specification - for assembly units, complexes and kits.

The main set of design documents includes documents drawn up or applied to the entire given product as a whole, with the exception of the statement of operational documents (ED). The specification is included in the main set of design documents.

A complete set of design documents for a product consists of the following documents: the main set of design documents for this product; main sets of design documents for all components of this product, applied according to their main design documents.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

For design documentation of products of all industries, GOST 2.103-68 establishes the stages of development and stages of work (Table 2).

The obligatory fulfillment of the stages and stages of development of design documentation is established by the terms of reference for development. Technical proposal - a set of design documents that should contain technical and feasibility studies of the feasibility of developing product documentation based on an analysis terms of reference customer and various options possible product solutions, comparative assessment solutions taking into account the design and operational features of the developed and existing products and patent research.

The technical proposal, after being agreed and approved in the prescribed manner, is the basis for the development of a preliminary (technical) design. Rules for the implementation of the technical proposal - according to GOST 2.118-73.

Draft design is a set of design documents that should contain fundamental Constructive decisions, giving a general idea of ​​​​the device and the principle of operation of the product, as well as data that determine the purpose, main parameters and overall dimensions of the product being developed.

The draft design, after being agreed and approved in the prescribed manner, serves as the basis for the development of a technical project or working design documentation. Rules for the implementation of the draft design - according to GOST 2.119-73. Technical design - a set of design documents that must contain the final technical solutions that give a complete picture of the structure of the product being developed, and the initial data for development working documentation.

The technical project, after being agreed and approved in the prescribed manner, serves as the basis for the development of working design documentation. Rules for the implementation of the technical project - according to GOST 2.120-73. Previously developed design documents are used in the development of new or "modernization of manufactured products in the following cases:

1) in project documentation(technical proposal, draft and technical projects) and working documentation of a prototype (pilot batch) - regardless of the lettering of the documents used;

2) in the working documentation with the letters "O1" ("O2"), "A" and "B", if the lettering of the document used is the same or higher.

The lettering of a complete set of design documentation is determined by the lowest of the letters indicated in the documents included in the set, except for documents of purchased products. The working design documents of a unit-production product intended for one-time production are assigned the letter "I".