Accounting for long-term income of future periods. Deferred income - what is it? Application of the account "Deferred income

To reflect the movement of future financial income in accounting, account 98 “Deferred income” is used in the chart of accounts.

In the economic life of a firm, it happens when current month you receive income that you should receive in the next month / quarter:

• payment for renting premises for several months in advance (if the contract provides for making payments for several periods at once);
• Payment of utility services;
• for telecommunications and communication services ( subscription payments);
• income from cargo transportation by all modes of transport (road, rail and air);
• receipt of money from state budget(target financing) for commissioning objects (money has been received, and commissioning is expected in the future);
• in the current month, shortfalls related to the reporting year and to previous quarters/years were found, and income from them is expected in the next month/quarter/year;
• receiving free of charge fixed assets (OS), materials, etc.;
• if the company is engaged in leasing sales, leasing income (amounts “on top” of the cost of the goods).

Account 98 correspondence

Refers to passive accounts. Interacts (corresponds) with accounts:

On credit: with accounts 94,08,86,50,55,52,51,58,91,73,76

By debit: with accounts 68,90,91

Sub-accounts 98 accounts

• 98-1 "Income received on account of future periods." The specified sub-account records the rent received, subscriber fees for communication and telecommunications services, utility services, transport passenger transportation on subscriptions and travel documents (not one-time, but for a month, half a year, a year, etc.).

Vostok LLC received rent payments for several months in advance in the amount of 480,000 rubles.

The cost of rent per month is 120,000 rubles, including VAT 18%.

Wiring:

Dt 51 Kt 98 The amount of rent of 480,000 rubles was received on the current account;

Dt 98 Kt 90.1 Reflected the proceeds from the receipt of rental payments for the month 120,000 rubles;

Dt 90.3 Kt 68 VAT (value added tax) on the monthly rent amount is accrued payable to the budget. 18 305 rubles.

Dt 76. AB Kt 68 VAT on the remaining amount of the rent, which acts as an advance, is accrued payable to the budget. 54 915 rubles.

• 98-2 "Receipts gratuitous". Movement, receipt, disposal of gratuitous fixed assets / funds, donated materials, etc. assets, as well as operations on budget financing from the budget for strictly defined purposes.

Regulatory documents - order of the Ministry of Finance 91n dated October 13, 2003, 94n dated October 31, 2000, letter 07-02-06 / 223 dated September 19, 2012, Instructions PBU13 / 2000

LLC "Recipient" received free of charge equipment worth 600,000 rubles (market). Equipment has an expiration date beneficial use 60 months. It is necessary to indicate income as depreciation deductions are made as other income (account 91.1).

Dt 08 Ct 98 Received equipment that does not require installation. 600 000 rub.

Dt 01 Kt 08 The equipment was put into operation. 600 000 rub.

Dt 20 (44) Kt 02 Monthly depreciation. 10 000 rub.

Dt 98-2 Kt 91.1 Reflected monthly income in the amount of depreciation. 10 000 rub.

Stroitel LLC received 50,000 kg of cement worth 150,000 rubles free of charge. Cement was credited at a price of 3,000 rubles per ton. Next reporting month use 25,000 kg of cement.

Dt. 10 Kt 98 market value. 150 000 rub.

Dt 20 Kt 10 Released for production 25,000 kg. 75 000 rub.

Dt 98-2 Kt 91.1 The material transferred to production is accounted for as other income.

With regards to budgetary financing. Initially, the amounts are taken into account:

Dt 86 Kt 98-2

Later, as you use budget finance, the amount of money spent is reflected in account 91.1 (other income)

• 98-3 "Future income from shortfalls found in the past." If shortages are identified, and receipt of financial/ Money from repayment is expected in the next month/quarter/year.

After the inventory of the unit on July 20 of the previous year, the inventory commission discovered a shortage of 20,000 rubles. The perpetrators have been identified and recorded in the acts of the internal investigation.

In August current year this amount is expected to be repaid.

Dt 94 "Shortages" Kt 98-3 indicates the amount of the shortage. 20000 rub.

Dt 73 “Settlements with personnel for other operations” Dt 98-3. 20 000 rub.

Dt 98-3 Kt 91.1 Accrue in other income after receiving money to pay off the debt.

• 98-4 "Accounting for the difference between the value on the balance sheet of missing valuables and the amounts payable by the guilty parties." In the case when the amount from the guilty person differs from the estimate on the balance sheet upwards, then the difference is taken into account on this sub-account and is attributed to other income in the process of debt repayment.

The difference between the amount on the balance sheet of the enterprise and the amount of recovery is taken into account:

Dt 73 "Settlement with personnel for other operations" Kt 98-4

Dt 98-4 Kt 91.1

As for leasing, the regulatory document that determines the entire procedure for working in this area is Order of the Ministry of Finance 15 of February 17, 1997, appendix No1 to it. An enterprise that sells goods on lease - a lessor - performs the following operations:

Dt 76 "Settlements with different debtors and creditors"

As soon as the money has arrived, the time comes to reflect in revenue:

Dt 98-1 Kt 90.1

Important! Analytical accounting for the account is maintained for each object, case, material, etc.

Balance sheet line for account 98

According to the regulatory document - order of the Ministry of Finance 66n dated July 02, 2010, the balance on the credit of account 98 is indicated in line 1530 balance sheet enterprises - Deferred income.

Let's summarize

• If you received money for services that will be provided in the future, this account is used.
• The main fund (fixed asset) or materials were donated - on account 98 the entire amount is indicated, write-off as materials are released into production or depreciation of fixed assets to the account of other income.
• Shortfalls that are expected to be paid in the next reporting periods, interest on leasing, the difference between the value on the balance sheet and the amount of the shortfall - this account is used everywhere.
• In the balance sheet, information on account 98 (credit balance) falls into line 1530.

A person who is "far" from accounting may think that there is nothing difficult in determining income for future reporting periods. However, this is not the case at all. For example, creditors owe money to an organization a certain amount money and according to the documents should return it in the near future.

Based on the available facts, we can conclude that soon the money will go to the company's account. Is it deferred income (DBP) or not? Or, for example, a company is working on a large batch of goods, for which it is likely to receive a good profit. Can this be attributed to DBP?

The accountant will answer these questions definitely: Both of these examples do not show deferred income.

In accounting not accepted to deal with money that does not yet exist in reality and the receipt of which is planned only in the future. It is important to understand that accounting is designed to deal with transactions that have already been made, and not those that may or may not be in the future.

If we consider the first case, then we can say that while debentures will not be repaid cannot be included in any accounts. Looking at the second example, it becomes clear that the firm has not yet transferred ownership to the buyer. This usually happens during the shipment of the goods, which means that the organization will receive income only after the transfer of the goods.

From an accounting point of view, this has nothing to do with future income. These examples could be considered rather if we were talking about the area of ​​planning, which is just the same and deals with the estimated income in the future.

Deferred income (DIR) is commonly understood as acquisition of an asset or reduction in the number of debt obligations, which is carried out and confirmed by transactions in the current accounting period, but is reflected in the reporting for other periods that have not yet come.

What applies to them

Exists several occasions to receive income from profits that are received in future periods.

The main feature for attributing such receipts to the considered type of income is the fact that given profit can be obtained not in one or two reporting periods, but in a much larger number of them.

Relatively speaking, it can be specified in different accounting periods. Thus, an asset that belongs to the DBR makes a profit both in the present and in the future. What should be attributed?

1. Rent, because under a lease agreement, payment can be made for several reporting periods, that is, for some time in advance. The same can be said about the deposit, which is usually paid at the beginning, but is a deferred income, since it only counts for last month rent.
2. Advance payments, that is, funds that are transferred to the account of an enterprise or company in advance before providing the buyer with a product or service. Advances are required for further calculations. They belong to the DBP if advance payment made for several reporting periods ahead.
3. Subscription or prepayment for the purchase of periodicals, such as newspapers or magazines.
4. Sale of tickets for any kind of events and concerts.
5. Revenue from the sale of subscriptions and conclusions long-term obligations, which include, for example, the profit from the sale of school passes for a year.
6. Gifts from sponsors that are treated as income from gratuitous contracts donations. Previously, these receipts and grants were most often attributed to the current period and paid tax on these profits. However, you can look at this asset from the other side. If we calculate that this income will bring profit to the organization within a certain time, then according to the law it can be attributed to future income.

It is important to understand that depreciation is not charged for fixed assets that the company received as a gift, it is recorded exclusively in current expenses, that is, part of the income is transferred from the future period.

Therefore, depreciation do not need to be taken into account when calculating costs. All previously incurred expenses are carried over to other accounting periods.

1. Budget money that an organization receives to cover costs.
2. Funds that are allocated for specific purposes but are not fully utilized. They are reflected in account 86.
3. The difference from the amount paid for leasing and the value of the property itself, which is leased. The property, or rather its value, must be on the balance sheet of the person receiving it.
4. Returns from previous shortages that can be made in the future with a certain probability. If it was not possible to establish the person responsible for the material losses, then the loss can be considered irretrievable. In addition, she can go through accounting as accounts receivable, which the financially responsible person will pay in the near future. In the second option, this amount of loss relates to deferred income.

Line and account, asset or liability

For income for future periods, a special account is provided, the number of which 98 . It is intended for accountants dealing with deferred income in all its varieties. According to the instructions, according to the chart of accounts in accounting, it is allowed opening certain sub-accounts, which will specify the objects of deferred income, namely:

• income, the receipt of which is planned for several future reporting periods;
• sponsored gratuitous investments, which include various gifts and so on;
• shortfall for previous periods, which is planned to be reimbursed in the near future.

In order to take into account this species profit, there is a certain line 1530. It reflects only those incomes that are considered deferred for all regulatory documents in this company.

Accounting Features

Income for future periods is fixed in credit account 98. In addition, all correspondent accounts intended for financial work and various calculations.

When writing off the amount of DBP for the future period, it is necessary to use account 98, or rather its debit, as well as the correspondence of this account, which takes into account income from accounts and, depending on the type of receipt.

Subsidized accounts that identify any of the objects of deferred income have their own own correspondence:

• gratuitous receipts include investments that are reflected in line 08, target financing - in account 86, as well as other profits and expenses in loan 91;
• upcoming receipts from long-term liabilities include shortages that are reflected in, settlements with employees, employees - in, compensated material damage - in subsidized account, as well as other profits and expenses - in loan 91;
• the difference between the amount to be recovered from the guilty person and the cost includes settlements with employees for other transactions that are reflected in account 73, as well as other costs in loan 91.

postings

The amounts that have been received in accounting are indicated in account 98, which was mentioned earlier. When the reporting period comes, the amount of income for a specific accounting time is deducted from this loan.

It is very common to find a situation where tenants pay rent several months in advance. This payment does not apply in full to one reporting period, it is distributed in equal parts between all reporting periods. Each part is a deferred income of the organization. AT similar situation the payment received is initially indicated in invoice 98, and then a certain accounting entry, namely: debit and credit account 98.

This entry takes into account the total amount of the payment that was received for several periods in advance, and then every month equal shares of the income received for future periods are distributed along with income for the current period. In this case, the account must contain an entry: debit account 98 and credit account 91 with different benefits and costs.

A similar situation occurs when we are talking about long-term costs. For example, those that are incurred in full in one period, but relate to several future ones. The car insurance payment can be posted to the accounting records according to the previous entry, since the period for which the insurance is valid is usually long and spans several periods.

The balance sheet asset includes expenses that the company plans to incur in the future and which increase profits. However, DBP is classified as a balance sheet liability, and these incomes reduce real income. This is a kind of paradox, since it turns out that future income reduces current profit.

All accountants are faced with such a problem as the distinction between future and real income, which relate to the same period. That is why it is very knowledge and competence of an accountant are important that serves an organization.

The definition of this type of income for beginners is presented in this video.

• The purpose of the article is to display information about income recorded this year, but related to the future period, as well as information about the balance of funds received from budgetary targeted funding.
• Line in the balance sheet: 1530.
• Numbers of accounts included in the line: credit balance c. 98 and the balance in the credit of the account.

Deferred income in the accounting department of the enterprise means the amounts received and accrued in the accounting of the company in the current reporting year, but these receipts are for future periods. These amounts include:

• payment of rent (for example, when renting out own industrial premises, offices, etc.);
• transfer of utility bills;
• payment for communication services under subscription agreements;
• revenue received from freight transportation, etc.

Should be borne in mind! Receipt of advance payments from the buyer does not apply to deferred income and is displayed on account 62.

In addition to the listed deferred income, the following data is included in line 1530 of the balance sheet:

1. Incoming funds of budgetary targeted financing.

   State targeted financing can be used to invest capital expenditures (for example, modernization of production process and the purchase of the latest technological equipment) or covering current expenses (wages of employees, purchase of materials, etc.). When investing capital expenditures, the target money is taken into account as part of deferred income when these assets are put into operation at the enterprise.

   Investing current payments - finances are displayed on the account. 98 at the time of acceptance for accounting of purchased materials, accrual wages employees, etc.

2. Fixed assets, equipment received by the organization on a gratuitous basis (a separate sub-account is opened in the company's accounting, corresponding with the account in terms of the equipment received). The accrued depreciation is written off to financial results firms in Kt.
3. By leasing transactions line 1530 shows the difference arising between the total amount of payments transferred under the agreement and full cost property - the object of the leasing agreement.

According to the Chart of Accounts, accounting for deferred income is carried out on account 98: the credit of the account records information on accrued receipts in correspondence with source accounts (for example, Dt08 Kt98, Dt86 Kt98, etc.). Upon the onset of a period in which these receipts can be attributed to income, the amounts are debited from the debit of account 98 as income from ordinary activities or other income.

Line 1530 balance financial statements belongs to the section Short-term liabilities balance sheet liabilities: here the amounts of the credit balance of account 98 and unused funds of budgetary targeted financing from the loan account 98 are displayed. 86 as of December 31 of the current year, previous and preceding the previous one.

Regulatory regulation

Use of account 98 to collect information about incoming income related to the future, is carried out in accordance with the Chart of Accounts and other regulatory documentation, for example, PBU 13/2000, which reveals the specifics of accounting state aid.

Practical examples of deferred income accounting

Example 1

In November 2017, the society with limited liability"Topor" received a production machine free of charge from regular customer. The market value of this equipment is 400 thousand rubles.

Business operations in company accounting

400 thousand rubles - posting of property received free of charge (the machine is put on the receipt in the accounting of the company at its market value).

400 thousand rubles - putting the received machine into operation.

As the machine is used, depreciation will be charged on it: Dt20 (44) Kt02. Its cost will be gradually debited from account 98 to the amount of accrued depreciation: Dt98.2 Kt91.1.

In line 1530 of the balance sheet of the limited liability company "Ax", at the end of 2017, the value of the property received free of charge minus the depreciation accrued on it will be displayed.

Using account 98 in accounting

Account 98 accounting necessary to reflect information about the income that comes in current period, but can only be attributed to operations that will take place in the future. With the help of this account, information on incoming assets (non-current or financial) is promptly processed, the financial benefit from which will arise in the future.

According to paragraph 12 of PBU 9/99, income can be recognized and taken into account if there is an exact certainty that the potential benefit from the acquired assets will follow in the future.

The use of account 98 is as follows: it is formed from income that is expected in the future, such as:

1. The difference that is expected from the excess of lease payments over the value of the property transferred to the finance lease (clause 4 of the Instructions, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance dated February 17, 1997 No. 15 - until 2001, deferred income was taken into account on account 83).
2. Budgetary funds have been allocated for the acquisition of non-current assets or for financing current expenses (clause 9 PBU 13/2000).
3. Fixed assets received free of charge (clause 29 of the order of the Ministry of Finance of October 13, 2003 No. 91n).
4. The difference formed between the amount of recovery from the perpetrators for the stolen property and the cost of the shortage (order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n - description of account 98).

Account 98 of accounting is a passive, reporting and distribution register. The credit of the account reflects the amounts of receipts relating to future periods. For debit - transferred income at the onset of this reporting period. The balance of the account is always in credit.

Account Analytics 98

In accordance with the Chart of Accounts, the deferred income account is supposed to be used to summarize a wide variety of information. In order to organize information, it is recommended to open such sub-accounts for account 98 (in postings they are indicated through a “dot” or a hyphen):

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• 01 - the following income is taken into account: rent paid in advance, subscription fee for service, subscription for transportation, fee for utilities etc.;
• 02 - gratuitously received receipts;
• 03 - expected receipt of debt for shortages identified earlier;
• 04 - excess of the amount of recovery from the perpetrators over the cost of shortages.

Each sub-account maintains a separate account for each type of income. The list of sub-accounts is open - enterprises can independently add other sub-accounts in accordance with their needs. The types of sub-accounts to be opened should be specified in accounting policy enterprises.

Typical postings on account 98

Account 98 postings are described in the chart of accounts. Using subaccounts, the main transactions look like this:

• Dt 08 Kt 98.02 - fixed assets received free of charge at market value were accepted for accounting;
• Dt 98.02 Kt 91.01 - recognized income in the amount of monthly depreciation;
• Dt 86 Kt 98.02 - budget funds have been received, which are aimed at financing expenses;
• Dt 94 Kt 98.03 - the amount of the shortage, confirmed in the court decision, is reflected in the accounting;
• Dt 98.03 Kt 91 - the amount of the shortage has been repaid;
• Dt 73 Kt 98.04 - reflects the amount of the difference between the amount of recovery of the shortage from the guilty employee and the real price of the lost property;
• Dt 51 Kt 98.01 - an advance payment has been received for rent six months ahead;
• Kt 98.01 Kt 90.01 - reflected monthly payment for rent;
• Dt 10 Kt 98.02 - free material was received for production, reflected in accounting at market value;
• Dt 08 Ct 98.02 - equipment was transferred to the balance as a charity;
• Dt 62 Kt 98.05 - transport was leased;
• Dt 98.05 Kt 90.01 - a regular lease payment has been accrued;
• Dt 51 Kt 98.02 - received a grant from intended use for the improvement of the territory;
• Dt 98.02 Ct 91.01 — plants were planted in the territories acquired at the expense of the grant.

Reflection in the balance sheet

The deferred income account has a permanent credit balance at the end of the reporting period. For this reason, in the balance sheet, the balance is reflected in liabilities in line 1530. It reflects only clearly indicated in regulations income:

• budget receipts to finance expenditures;
• unused special-purpose financing funds remaining from the previous period;
• the difference between the total value of lease payments and the value of the asset on the balance sheet of the lessee.

Companies receiving targeted funding from government and off-budget funds, on account 98 reflect the use of such earmarked revenues. At the end of the year, the amounts of unused balances of targeted financing from account 86 are transferred to account 98.

In this case, the data from account 98 are excluded from the calculation formula net assets enterprises (clause 6 of the Procedure, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance dated August 28, 2014 No. 84n).

For timely reflection account 98 is used in accounting for information on receipts that will bring benefits in the future. By its nature, this is a passive account that has a special position in accounting. It is recommended to open sub-accounts for the account to account for each of the types of income. In addition, it is recommended to keep records in the context of each of the assets or other receipts. Credit balance in the account at the end of the year is reflected in line 1530 of the balance sheet.

This material, which continues the series of publications on the new chart of accounts, analyzes account 98 "Deferred income" of the new chart of accounts. This comment was prepared by Ya.V. Sokolov, Doctor of Economics, Deputy Chairman of the Interdepartmental Commission for Reforming Accounting and Reporting, Member of the Methodological Council for Accounting under the Ministry of Finance of Russia, First President of the Institute professional accountants Russia, V.V. Patrov, professor at the St. Petersburg state university and N.N. Karzaeva, PhD in Economics, Deputy director of the audit service of Balt-Audit-Expert LLC.

Financial distribution account 98 "Deferred income" should reflect the assets received in this reporting period against future reporting periods, but with the condition:

1) that assets can never be claimed back by counterparties (correspondents). If there is such a possibility, then it should be about accounts payable and not about the income of future reporting periods. And in fact, the organization, having received income on account of future periods, as a rule, invests them in its turnover and, therefore, the assets covering the received future income have already changed their form, they could well turn into losses, which means that there will be liabilities in already received income, sources are shown own funds, while in the asset it can correspond to "emptiness";
2) that deferred income assets, even if they correspond to "emptiness", must cover something else passive article"Revenue of the future periods". However, the compilers of the chart of accounts have abandoned this previously immutable rule and admit cases when, instead of assets already received, they enter into accounting assets that are still only expected to be received. It's essential new feature current chart of accounts.

Let's consider four sub-accounts, which, in essence, are fundamentally independent accounts.

Account 98.1 "Income received on account of future periods"

This is the traditional deferred income account. The credit of this account should record the received assets, which, according to the rule of correspondence of income to expenses, can and should be recognized as income not for this reporting period, but for future reporting periods. The main criterion for recording these incomes on the credit of sub-account 98.1 "Incomes received on account of future periods" is that the assets received on account of these incomes will not be claimed back by counterparties (correspondents).

The debit of account 98.1 "Income received on account of future periods" reflects the amounts attributable to accounts 90 "Sales" and 91 "Other income and expenses". Account 90 "Sales" should be credited for the amount of income from common species activities, and account 91 "Other income and expenses" - for the amount of operating and non-operating income.

Account 98.2 "Grant-free receipts"

Traditional accounting practice assumed the recording of assets received free of charge, as a rule, under a donation agreement, in the debit of the account for accounting for the asset that was donated and for the loan, in relation to this chart of accounts, account 83 "Additional capital". This was logical, since, according to the static theory of balance, in this case, the capital of the enterprise increases, but its income does not increase. The previous chart of accounts proceeded precisely from such a concept.

The compilers of the new chart of accounts in this case assume, according to the dynamic concept, that donated assets are the income of the enterprise, and not just an increase in capital. They also proceed from the fact that the newly received, albeit free of charge, assets will be used by the gifted organization to generate income, and, therefore, the gift is income, but income from such a gift can only be received in the future. Hence the use of account 98 "Deferred income".

On the decision also affected by the practice of taxation. Tax officials have treated donated assets as taxable income over the past ten years. And the entire value of the gift was subject to income and property taxes.

In the new chart of accounts, in this case, we are faced with another feature: the posting of an asset received free of charge does not go directly from account 98.2 "Gift-free receipts", but through intermediate accounts.

So, if assets, for example, fixed assets, were received free of charge, then the accountant must make entries:

Debit 01 "Fixed assets"
Credit 08.4 "Acquisition of fixed assets" Debit 08.4 "Acquisition of fixed assets"

At the same time, the main difficulty arises in connection with the assessment of the received assets.

In this case, it is not important at what value they were either taken into account by the donor, or at what value he indicates in accompanying documents, but it is important that the valuation be given without fail at the market value on the day these funds are received, that is, at the time of transfer of ownership of them.

As the fixed assets received free of charge are used, they will be depreciated and the following entries will be made for the amount of monthly depreciation:

Debit 20 "Main production" (and / or other cost accounts)
Credit 02 "Depreciation of fixed assets"

This entry is common and traditional. However Supreme Court The Russian Federation gave explanations according to which, if the fixed assets were received free of charge, then there is no depreciation in this case, and the accountant has no reason to charge it. But if this entry is not made, then the value of the cost finished products will be underestimated and the company will have additional taxable income.

The tax authorities say that this entry can be made, if the accountant wants, for the needs of the enterprise, for example, to reduce the profit paid out in dividends, but its results should not affect the amount of taxable profit.

At the same time, the following entry is made for the amount of accrued depreciation on fixed assets received free of charge:

Debit 98.2 "Gratuitous receipts"
Loan 91.1 "Other income"

If they do it for free working capital, for example, materials, then a record is made:

Debit 10 "Materials"
Loan 98.2 "Gift-free receipts"

When writing off materials to production, two entries are made:

Debit 20 "Main production" (or other cost accounts)
Credit 10 "Materials" Debit 98.2 "Gratuitous receipts"
Loan 91.1 "Other income"

Thus, upon receipt of a "gift", it is credited, but not yet considered income, although it is recognized as income for future reporting periods, but it will be declared income only when the materials are written off for production.

The paradox lies in the fact that if such property is stolen even before it is written off for production, then exactly at the moment the theft is activated, according to the spirit of the instructions to the chart of accounts, it will have to be recognized as income.

And, finally, if we are faced with target financing, then, first of all, it is necessary to credit the money:

Debit 51 "Settlement accounts"
Credit 86 "Target financing" Debit 86 "Target financing"
Loan 98.2 "Gift-free receipts"

Account 86 "Target financing" in this case is closed. But the further system of records repeats what we said about accounting for non-current and current assets received free of charge.

Account 98.3 "Upcoming receipts of debts for shortages identified in previous years"

It is assumed that the balance of the accounts, which reflect the assets, in this moment correctly, that is, the shortage is reflected in the accounting not as a result of the inventory. A typical example. The shortfall identified in one of the previous reporting periods was, by decision of the court of first instance, written off as losses. However, a higher court ruled in favor of the organization, and the accountant now again states the occurrence of an early written-off receivable.

Example

The shortage of valuables that arose in the last reporting period was recognized - 100,000 rubles. A month later, the person who recognized the shortage contributed 40,000 rubles.

Debit 73.2 "Calculations for compensation for material damage"
Loan 94 "Shortages and losses from damage to valuables" - 100,000 rubles. - recovering accounts receivable; Debit 94 "Shortages and losses from damage to valuables"
Credit 98.3 "Upcoming receipts of debts for shortages identified in previous years" - 100,000 rubles. - the amount of the shortage is considered as deferred income, because it is assumed that this shortage will be repaid. And only when it is repaid, it will be possible to talk about the occurrence of income in those reporting periods when money is deposited; Debit 50 "Cashier"
Credit 73.2 "Calculations for compensation for material damage" - 40,000 rubles. - a part of the debt has been paid to the cash desk of the organization; Debit 98.3 "Upcoming receipts of debts for shortages identified in previous years"
Credit 91.1 "Other income" - 40,000 rubles. - the income of this reporting period increased by 40,000 rubles, and the expected income, from that moment, amounted to 60,000 rubles.

The main feature of sub-account 98.3 "Upcoming receipts of debts for shortfalls identified in previous years" is that now only expected income is broadcast as normal deferred income. But, reasoning consistently, then we should also consider the trade margin as deferred income. However, the compilers of this chart of accounts do not do this, which, of course, is correct.

Account 98.4 "The difference between the amount to be recovered from the perpetrators and the book value for shortages of valuables"

This sub-account acts as a regulatory counter to account 73.2 "Calculations for compensation for material damage." And, strictly speaking, it has almost nothing to do with deferred income.

Example

As a result of the inventory, a shortage of goods was revealed - 50,000 rubles. goods were recorded at selling prices. Trade margin 500 rubles. The financially responsible person acknowledged the fact of shortage and agreed to pay it off.
The following entries will be made in the accounting of the organization:

As a result of the inventory, a shortage of goods was revealed:

Debit 94 Credit 41 - 45,000 rubles; Debit 42 Credit 41 - 5,000 rubles;

Instead of the missing goods, a debtor is entered, (traditional wording: an invoice is made to the financially responsible person):

Debit 73.2 Credit 94 - 45,000 rubles; Debit 73.2 Credit 98.4 - 5000 rubles;

The first installment paid to pay off the shortage is reflected:

Debit 50 Credit 73.2 - 10,000 rubles;

The income of the reporting period is reflected equal to the trade margin for the missing goods, the debt for which is 1000 rubles:

Debit 98.4 Credit 91.1 - 1000 rubles;

In this case, not the entire shortage is recognized as deferred income - 50,000 rubles, but only the potential profit that was included in the missing goods. In fact, the shortage is 50,000 rubles. and the financially responsible person according to pay it. However, 40,000 rubles. the entity paid for the goods to the supplier, but if these goods were sold, trade Organization would receive 5,000 rubles. arrived. Therefore, under the circumstances, deferred income is 5,000 rubles, but by no means 50,000 rubles. however, the real income of the organization is measured not by the entire value of the trade margin falling on the missing goods, but only by the part that is included in the amount paid by the financially responsible person in the form of a trade margin. In our case, this is 1000 rubles.

Differences between sub-accounts 98.3 "Upcoming receipts of debts for shortages identified in previous years" and 98.4 "The difference between the amount to be recovered from the perpetrators and the book value for shortages of valuables" boils down to the fact that in the first case, the shortage previously written off as a loss is simply reimbursed , and the entire amount is considered income, and in the second case, only the margin is recognized as income.

Analytical accounting for account 98 "Deferred income"

Analytical accounting is carried out in the context of each of the four considered accounts.

In essence, any of them has a purely independent value, and only by the will of the compilers of the chart of accounts, these very diverse operations turned out to be combined under the name of account 98 "Deferred income".

In general, it must be said that when reflecting the income of future reporting periods, it is necessary to keep object records, where each case is the object:

• or receipt of money on account of future income;
• or gratuitous receipt each object allocated under a donation agreement;
• or for each case of shortages of previous reporting periods;
• or for each case of shortage of valuables identified in this reporting period.

For taxation purposes, income is recognized in the reporting (tax) period in which it occurred, regardless of the receipt of funds, other property (works, services) and (or) property rights (clause 1, article 271 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Consequently, all income that is reflected in accounting as deferred income and will be recognized as income in subsequent reporting periods is also not accepted for tax purposes. The only exceptions are property received free of charge or property rights, which, in accordance with subparagraph 8 of Article 251, are included in non-operating income, but according to the accounting rules, are reflected in account 98 "Deferred income".

Not included in tax base property received free of charge upon its receipt:

• within the framework of target financing;
• from the organization, if the authorized (share) capital (fund) of the receiving party consists of at least 50 percent of the contribution of the transferring organization;
• from the organization, if the authorized (share) capital (fund) of the transferring party consists of at least 50 percent of the contribution of the receiving organization;
• from individual if the authorized (share) capital (fund) of the receiving party consists of at least 50 percent of the contribution of this individual.

The received property is not recognized as income for taxation purposes only if, within one year from the date of its receipt, the said property (with the exception of cash) is not transferred to third parties.

Estimation of income at gratuitous receipt property (works, services) is carried out according to market prices determined subject to the provisions of article 40 tax code, but not lower than the residual value - for depreciable property and production costs (acquisition) - for goods (works, services). Information on prices must be confirmed by the taxpayer - the recipient of property (works, services) documented or by an independent assessment.