Medal General of the Army Komarovsky benefits. Alexander Nikolaevich Komarovsky: biography

Alexander Nikolaevich Komarovsky

Komarovsky Alexander Nikolaevich (05/07/1906 - 1973), one of the leaders Gulag, General of the Army (1972), Doctor of Technical Sciences (1956), Hero of Socialist Labor (1949), laureate of the Stalin Prize (1951). Educated at the Moscow Institute of Transport Engineers (1928). In 1939 he joined the CPSU(b). In the 1930s was one of the leaders in the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal, where the slave labor of prisoners was widely used. Then start. and Chief Engineer operation of the canal, since 1939 deputy. People's Commissar of the Navy of the USSR, then People's Commissar for Construction of the USSR. During the Great Patriotic War, early. Directorate for the construction of defensive structures of the Main Directorate of defensive works of the NKVD of the USSR, commander of the 5th sapper army and deputy. early Main Directorate of Defensive Works of the People's Commissariat of Defense. From 1944 to 11/21/1951 beginning. Glavpromstroy of the NKVD of the USSR, from 11/21/1951 beginning. Glavspetsneftestroy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. 07/09/1953 Komarovsky again headed Glavpromstroy - one of the most powerful construction organizations GULAG. at the same time he became a member of the Collegium of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. Specialist in the use of prisoner labor and in their ruthless exploitation. At the enterprises subordinated to Komarovsky, the mortality rate was extremely high. After death I.V. Stalin Komarovsky, as a "high-class specialist", retained the leadership of Glavpromstroy. On March 16, 1953, the management was transferred to the 1st Main Directorate under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, and then to the Ministry of Medium Machine Building. On March 16, 1954, Glavpromstroy, headed by the same Komarovsky, returned to the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, and on March 14, 1955, he finally transferred to the USSR Ministry of Medium Machine Building. From Dec. 1963 Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR for the construction and quartering of troops. In 1968 he received the Lenin Prize. Since 1970 he has been a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the author of the memoirs Notes of a Builder (1972).

Used materials from the book: Zalessky K.A. Empire of Stalin. Biographical encyclopedic dictionary. Moscow, Veche, 2000

Komarovsky Alexander Nikolaevich, Soviet soldier. activist, general of the army (1972), Hero of the Socialist. Labor (1949), Doctor of Technical Sciences. Sciences (1956), professor (1958). Member CPSU since 1939. After graduating from Moscow. Institute of Transport Engineers (1928) worked at the engineering and technical department. positions in the Moscow Bureau of Svirstroy and the trusts Vodokanalstroy, Gidrotekhstroy and Spotsstroyproekt. In the 30s. on the page of the channel to them. Moscow: head of hydraulic engineering. sectors, deputy head of technical department of building and deputy. head of work Yuzh. (Moscow) district, and from May 1936 the head of the Center, district. In 1937, chief and ch. Canal Operations Engineer. Then one of the leaders of the design and construction of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric complex, was the head of the capital construction sector of the People's Commissariat for Water Resources, deputy. Commissar Mor. fleet, and from May 1039 deputy. People's Commissar for Construction, headed the design, construction and mechanization of ports, ship repair enterprises and the navy. bases During the period of the Great Fatherland, the war, K. - the head of the Office for construction will defend, structures Ch. defense control, work of the NKVD of the USSR, then commands. 5th sapper army and deputy. head of Ch. management will defend, the work of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR. In these positions, he organized the construction of a number of defenses, lines to the South. and Southwest. fronts. From Jan. 1942 was the head of the Department of Construction of the Chelyabinsk, and then Zakavk. metallurgical factories. In May 1944, K. was appointed chief of Glavpromstroy of the USSR, supervised the construction of a number of large enterprises. In 1948, K. was entrusted with the management of the construction of the Moscow buildings. state university on the Lenin Hills, and then other complex structures, since 1954 he headed the construction of nuclear industry facilities. Contributed huge contribution in the construction of scientific centers of the country, at the same time from 1958 he headed the department in Moscow. engineer-builds, in-those them. V. V. Kuibyshev. From Dec. 1963 Deputy min. defense of the USSR on the construction and quartering of troops. In this post, K. proved to be a major specialist and organizer. Under his leadership, important measures were taken to improve the structure of the military building. bodies and technical equipping the military builds. parts, a large number of important military units were built. objects. K. led a large scientific. work in the field of defense, prom. and hydraulic engineering. building, published means the number of works on these issues. Under his leadership, a number of collective scientific. works, including "Design and construction of nuclear installations" (M., 1962), "Application of atomic energy in national economy"(M., 197Ya). Deputy Top. Council of the USSR of the 8th convocation. Laureate of Leninskaya pr. (1968) and State. etc. USSR (1951). He was awarded 7 Orders of Lenin, 2 Orders of the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, 2 Orders of the Red Star and medals, as well as foreign. orders.

Used materials of the Soviet military encyclopedia in 8 volumes, volume 4.

Compositions:

Organization of work on the construction of the Moscow state university named after M.V. Lomonosov. M., 1958;

Preparatory work on large construction sites. M.-L., 1959;

Building construction accelerators. Ed. 2nd. M., 1961;

Prestressed concrete in the construction of nuclear installations. M., 1968;

Construction of nuclear installations. Ed. 3rd. M., 1969;

Panel and large-block construction of industrial and energy facilities. Ed. 2nd. M., 1970;

Builder's Notes. M., 1973.

Medal "Army General Komarovsky"- departmental medal of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, established by order of the Minister of Defense Russian Federation No. 175 dated May 2, 2006. It bears the name of Army General Alexander Nikolaevich Komarovsky, Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR, head of the construction of a number of the most important defense facilities of the state.

Award Rules

According to the Regulations, the medal "General of the Army Komarovsky" is awarded to:

• servicemen undergoing military service under a contract, for impeccable service in the quartering and arrangement service of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, military units and organizations for quartering and equipping troops for 10 years or more in calendar terms;
• military personnel serving in the Service of quartering and arrangement, military units and organizations of quartering and arrangement of troops, for courage and bravery shown in the performance of military duty and special tasks;
• persons of civilian personnel of the Armed Forces who have worked in the Cantonment and Arrangement Service, military units and organizations of cantonment and arrangement of troops for 15 years or more in calendar terms, veterans of the military service for their great personal contribution to the development of the military construction complex, organization of cantonment and arrangement of troops, and as well as other persons assisting in solving the tasks assigned to the Quartering and Arrangement Service, military units and the organization of quartering and arrangement of troops.

The awarding of the medal is made by order of the head of the Service quartering and arrangement Ministry Defense Russian Federation. There is no re-award.

Wearing rules

The medal is worn in accordance with the Rules for the wearing of military uniforms by military personnel Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and is located after the medal of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation "For Service in Submarine Forces".

Description of the medal

The medal is made of silver-colored metal, has the shape of a circle with a diameter of 32 mm with a convex rim on both sides. On the front side of the medal: in the center - a relief image of the portrait of General of the Army A. N. Komarovsky; in a circle in the lower part - a relief inscription: "ARMY GENERAL KOMAROVSKY". On the reverse side of the medal there is a relief inscription: in the center - in two lines: "Creation, labor and defense"; in a circle at the top - "MINISTRY OF DEFENCE", in the lower part - "RUSSIAN FEDERATION".

With the help of an eyelet and a ring, the medal is connected to a pentagonal block covered with a silk moiré ribbon 24 mm wide. On the right edge of the tape, an orange stripe 10 mm wide is bordered by a black stripe 2 mm wide, to the left - equal red and black stripes.

The elements of the medal symbolize:

• a portrait of Army General A. N. Komarovsky - outstanding services in creating the necessary conditions for ensuring the life of the troops;
• the orange stripe of the ribbon of the medal, bordered by a black stripe, is the status of the medal as a departmental award of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation;
• the red and black stripes of the ribbon of the medal (traditional colors of military builders) - the purpose of the medal is to award military personnel serving in military command and control bodies, military units and organizations for quartering and equipping troops.

Born in the family of a hydraulic engineer. Russian. Father, Nikolai Alexandrovich, graduated from the St. Petersburg Institute of Railway Engineers, for many years he built locks and dams on the Mariinsky water system. He remained in the service in the Department of Railways after the October Revolution, during civil war was transferred to the Moscow-Oksky district of communications, in connection with which the family moved to Moscow.

In Moscow, Alexander Komarovsky graduated from the Moscow Experimental School named after F. Nansen in 1923, the water department of the Moscow Institute of Transport Engineers in 1928. Since 1928, he worked at the Moscow Design Bureau of Svirstroy, the author of projects for several dams and hydraulic structures. At the same time, he studied the effect of ice on hydraulic structures, in the early 30s he published a number of works on this topic: “The structure and physical properties of the ice cover of fresh waters”, “The effects of the ice cover on structures and the fight against it”, “Winter operation of gates hydraulic structures".

On the construction of the Canal. Moscow and other objects

In 1931 he was sent to build the Moscow Canal. At first he was the head of the hydrotechnical sector of the Canal Construction Department. From April 1934 - Deputy Head of the Southern (Moscow) Canal Construction District. From May 1936 he was the head of the works of the central region of the canal. There he showed himself to be a talented engineer, an outstanding organizer of work and a principled leader. For his work on the construction of the canal, he was awarded his first award - the Order of Lenin.

After the construction of the Moscow Canal was completed in 1937, A. Komarovsky was appointed deputy head of the construction of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric complex. Having studied the object, I came to the conclusion that the choice of the construction site was wrong due to unfavorable conditions. geological conditions. By that time, construction was already underway, for which a cluster of Gulag camps for 30,000 prisoners was built. On this occasion, Komarovsky entered into a tough conflict with the head of construction, S. Ya. Zhuk. In the end, construction was stopped, and in the post-war period, it was started elsewhere.

In 1938, Komarovsky was appointed head of the sector capital construction People's Commissariat for Water Transport of the USSR. In the same year, he was enlisted in the Red Army and was awarded the military rank of military engineer of the 1st rank (corresponding to the rank of colonel). Member of the CPSU (b) since 1939.

In 1939, Komarovsky was transferred to the People's Commissariat of the Marine Fleet of the USSR, appointed head of Glavspetsgidrostroy, then - Deputy People's Commissar of the USSR Marine for Construction. Responsible for the construction of naval bases and hydraulic structures. Brigadier (1939).

The Great Patriotic War

In the first days of the war, Komarovsky was appointed head of the department for the construction of defensive structures of the Main Directorate of Defensive Works of the NKVD of the USSR. On August 5, 1941, brigade engineer A.N. Komarovsky was appointed head of the 5th Department of Defense Works, which carried out the tasks of building defensive lines for the Southern and Southwestern Fronts. The main control forces were directed to the construction of defensive lines near Kharkov. In October 1941, on the basis of the administration, the 5th sapper army was formed, headed by Komarovsky, which was aimed at building the Stalingrad defensive bypass.

In January 1942, by Decree State Committee On the basis of the army, the construction department of Bakalstroy was formed - the creation of a high-quality steel plant in the Chelyabinsk region. Bakalstroy became the beginning of the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant. Starting construction from a peg in the field, Komarovsky already in 1943 achieved the first melting of the plant.

• According to the documentary book of the Soviet German Gerhard Wolter, the Zone of Complete Peace, the position of A. Komarovsky was called "Head of the Construction Department of the BMK NKVD of the USSR." Over 44,000 people worked at the construction site under his supervision.

Major General of the Engineering and Technical Service (02/22/1943).

From May 1944 he was the head of the Transcaucasian Metallurgstroy (construction of a metallurgical plant in Rustavi).

post-war period

In 1945, Komarovsky was appointed head of the Main Directorate of Industrial Construction of the NKVD. He was responsible for the construction of especially important facilities, carried out by the forces of GULAG prisoners. So, in 1948-1953, he headed the construction of a complex of buildings of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, including the Main Building of Moscow State University.

In 1951-1952, he was the head of the Main Directorate of Camps for the Construction of Oil Refineries and Artificial Liquid Fuel Enterprises of the NKVD of the USSR. In 1952-1953, for the second time, he was the head of the Main Directorate of Industrial Construction of the NKVD of the USSR. But the main activity of Komarovsky since 1945 was the construction of facilities for the "atomic project" of the USSR.

In 1953-1963, Komarovsky was the head of Glavpromstroy (department for the construction of nuclear industry facilities, which several times passed under the control of either the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs or the USSR Ministry of Medium Machine Building (for many years he held the position of Deputy Minister of Medium Machine Building of the USSR for construction). In particular, under the leadership of Komarovsky built the first Soviet nuclear power plant, the Mayak plant, the nuclear industry center Chelyabinsk-40 and many other facilities.For merits in the construction of facilities for the creation of the first Soviet atomic bomb, by decree of October 29, 1949, Komarovsky was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. The work was supervised by L. P. Beria, Ya. D. Rappoport, S. N. Kruglov worked with Komarovsky, V. A. Saprykin, D. K. Semichastny and others were engaged in construction.

From December 1963 until the end of his life - Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR for the construction and quartering of troops. At the same time, from 1958 until the end of his life, he was the head of the department at the Moscow Engineering and Construction Institute named after Kuibyshev, and at MEPhI he taught a course on the construction of nuclear installations. Over the past 10 years of his life, he quickly rose in military ranks (before that, he was a major general for 20 years): lieutenant general since 1963, colonel general since 1965, army general since November 2, 1972.

Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 8th convocation (1970-1973). Lived in Moscow. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Memory

• Name A.N. Komarovsky was assigned to a street in Chelyabinsk. (Gerhard Wolter The zone of complete rest. - Moscow LA "Varyag" 1998, LR No. 062751 dated 06/18/93, p. 123. ISBN 5-87943-045-6: Quote from the author of the book: who?) A street was named after Komarovsky, which housed three death camps at once (what is a "death camp"?) of the NKVD. ... A. Komarovsky led the GULAG camps of the NKVD of Bakalstroy.")
• By the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of December 25, 1973, the name of A.N. Komarovsky was assigned to the Leningrad Higher Military Engineering School.
• A memorial museum of A. N. Komarovsky was created in the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical College.
• In Moscow, on the facade of the house on Sivtsev Vrazhek Street, where A.N. Komarovsky, a memorial plaque was opened (2006).

Compositions

• Organization of work on the construction of the Lomonosov Moscow State University. M., 1958;
• Preparatory work on large constructions. M.-L., 1959;
• Building structures of accelerators. Ed. 2nd. M., 1961;
• Prestressed concrete in the construction of nuclear installations. M., 1968;
• Design and construction of nuclear installations. M., 1962;
• Panel and large-block construction of industrial and energy facilities. Ed. 2nd. M., 1970;
• Builder's Notes. M., 1972;
• The use of atomic energy in the national economy. M., 1973;

Awards and titles

• Hero of Socialist Labor (29.10.1949)
• Seven orders of Lenin
• Two Orders of the Red Banner
• Order of the Patriotic War 1st class
• Two Orders of the Red Star
• Medals
• Foreign orders
• Lenin Prize of the USSR (1968)
• Stalin Prize (1951)
• Doctor of Engineering (1956)
• Professor (1958)

Komarovsky Alexander Nikolaevich - Head of the Main Directorate of Labor Camps for Industrial Construction of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD) of the USSR, Major General of the Engineering and Technical Service.

Born on May 7 (20), 1906 in St. Petersburg in the family of a civil engineer. Russian. In 1914-1917, he lived with his parents in the city of Cherepovets, now the Volgograd Region, and from the second half of 1917, in Moscow.

He studied at the Moscow Experimental School named after Fridtjof Nansen, from which he graduated in 1922. He received his higher education in 1928, having graduated from the Moscow Institute of Transport Engineers, worked in engineering and technical positions in the Moscow Bureau of Svirstroy and the trusts Vodokanalstroy, Gidrotekhstroy and Spotsstroyproekt.

From November 1931 A.N. Komarovsky - in the bodies of the OGPU of the USSR, directed to the construction of the Moscow Canal (Moscow-Volga Canal): head of the hydraulic engineering sector, deputy head technical department construction and deputy head of work of the Southern (Moscow) region, and since May 1936 - head of the Central region. In 1937, the head and chief engineer of the canal operation department.

The next stage of Komarovsky's career was the design and construction of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric complex, where he was the head of the capital construction sector of the People's Commissariat for Water Resources of the USSR.

From the end of 1938 - Deputy People's Commissar of the USSR Navy, and from May 1939 - Deputy People's Commissar of the USSR Navy for construction. In this position, he led the design, construction and mechanization of ports, ship repair enterprises and naval bases. Member of the CPSU (b) / CPSU since 1939.

During the Great Patriotic War, from August 1941, he was the head of the Directorate for the Construction of Defensive Structures (5th Directorate) of the Main Directorate of Defensive Works of the NKVD of the USSR, which was responsible for the construction of defensive structures in the zone of the Southern and South-Western fronts. Since November 1941 - commander of the 5th sapper army and deputy head of the Main Directorate of Defensive Works of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR. Deservedly occupying these positions, A.N. Komarovsky organized the construction of a number of defensive lines on the Southern and Southwestern fronts, as well as near Stalingrad.

Since January 1942, brigade military engineer Komarovsky A.N. - Head of "Bakalstroy of the NKVD of the USSR", which was created in the system of "Glavuralstroy" for the construction of a plant for processing Bakal ores, and then the entire Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant. The launch day of the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant was April 19, 1943, when the first metal was smelted, further construction of the ChMP continued under the conditions of the existing production.

In 1943 A.N. Komarovsky was appointed head of the Construction Department of the Transcaucasian Metallurgical Plant.

In May 1944-1951 and in 1952-1953 he was the head of the Main Directorate of Correctional Labor Camps for Industrial Construction of the NKVD of the USSR. In 1948, he headed the construction of the Moscow State University on the Lenin (now Sparrow) Hills. In 1951–1952, he was the head of the Main Directorate of Correctional Labor Camps for the construction of oil refineries and artificial liquid fuel enterprises of the NKVD of the USSR. In 1953-63 he was the head of Glavpromstroy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, and since 1955 he was the head of Glavpromstroy of the Ministry of Medium Machine Building (deputy minister).

In 1945–1963 A.N. Komarovsky supervised the design and construction of nuclear industry facilities, including he personally determined the location and construction of the firstborn of the nuclear industry - "object No. 859" now - the Mayak chemical plant and the first "atomic city" - "Chelyabinsk-40" -65", now the city of Ozersk, Chelyabinsk region). Since 1954, he led the construction near the Obninskaya station (now the city of Obninsk, Kaluga Region) of the world's first nuclear power plant with an energy capacity of five thousand kilowatts.

Under the direct supervision of Major General of the Engineering and Technical Service Komarovsky A.N. were built: an elementary particle accelerator (synchrocyclotron) in the city of Dubna, Moscow region, as well as the Serpukhov synchrophasotron, the world's largest ring proton accelerator.

On August 29, 1949, the Soviet Union exploded the first atomic bomb. This was a response to the aggressive actions of the United States, which by that time owned nuclear weapons, which they had already repeatedly tested, both for experimental and military purposes, by detonating a plutonium bomb on July 16, 1945, and then using this deadly weapon at the end of the 2nd world war, dropping a uranium bomb on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 and a plutonium bomb on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. Now the whole world has learned that the USSR also possesses this, albeit "hellish" weapon, but capable of deterring any aggressor.

Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 29, 1949 "On conferring the title of Hero of Socialist Labor to scientific, engineering and technical and executive employees of research, design organizations and industrial enterprises"(with a signature stamp:" Not to be published ")" for exceptional services to the state in the performance of a special task "Major General of the Engineering and Technical Service Alexander Nikolayevich Komarovsky was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.

General Komarovsky A.N. made a great personal contribution to the construction of scientific centers of the USSR, and at the same time from 1958 to 1973 he headed the department at the Moscow Civil Engineering Institute named after V.V. Kuibyshev. Doctor of Technical Sciences (1956), Professor (1958).

Since December 1963, Lieutenant General of the Engineering and Technical Service Komarovsky A.N. - Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR for the construction and quartering of troops. In this high and responsible position, he proved himself to be a major specialist and organizer.

Under the leadership of A.N. Komarovsky, important measures were taken to improve the structure of military construction bodies and the technical equipment of military construction units, built a large number of important military installations. He did a lot of scientific work in the field of defense, industrial and hydraulic engineering, published 19 scientific papers and a large number of articles on these issues. Under his leadership, a number of collective scientific works were created, including "Design and construction of nuclear installations" (M., 1962), "Application of atomic energy in the national economy" (M., 1979).

On November 2, 1972, Colonel General of the Engineering and Technical Service Komarovsky A.N. conferred the military rank of General of the Army. Before him, not a single military engineer in our country had such a title.

He was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 8th convocation (1970-1973). Member of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR.

Army General Komarovsky A.N. died on November 19, 1973 after a short serious illness. He was buried in the Hero City of Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery (plot 7).

Military ranks:
military engineer 1st rank (1938),
brigengineer (1939),
major general of the engineering service (22.02.1943),
Lieutenant General of the Engineering and Technical Service (22.02.1963),
Colonel General of the Engineering and Technical Service (06/16/1965),
army general (2.11.1972).

Awarded 7 Orders of Lenin (07/14/1937, 04/29/1943, 05/16/1945, 10/29/1949, 09/11/1956, 03/07/1962, 05/19/1966), 2 Orders of the Red Banner (02/21/1942, 12/30/1956), Order of the Patriotic war of the 1st degree (02/27/1946), 2 orders of the Red Star (01/30/1951; 02/22/1968), medals, foreign awards.

Lenin Prize (1968) Stalin Prize (1951).

By the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of December 25, 1973, the name of Army General Komarovsky A.N. was awarded to the Leningrad Higher Military Engineering School of the Red Banner. A street in the Metallurgical District of the city of Chelyabinsk is named after Komarovsky. The A.N. Komarovsky. A memorial museum of the famous military builder has been created at the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical College. In Moscow, a memorial plaque was installed on the house in which the Hero lived.

The writing:
Builder's Notes. - M.: Military Publishing, 1972.

Alexander Nikolaevich Komarovsky(May 20 (7), St. Petersburg - November 19, Moscow) - Soviet economic, statesman and military figure, army general, Hero of Socialist Labor ().

Youth

Born in the family of a hydraulic engineer. Russian. Father, Nikolai Alexandrovich, graduated from, for many years he built locks and dams on the Mariinsky water system. He remained in the service in the Department of Railways after the October Revolution, during the Civil War he was transferred to the Moscow-Oksky District of Railways, in connection with which the family moved to Moscow.

In Moscow, Alexander Komarovsky graduated from the Moscow Experimental School named after F. Nansen in 1923, the Faculty of Water in 1928. Since 1928, he worked at the Moscow Design Bureau of Svirstroy, the author of several dams and hydraulic structures. At the same time, he studied the effect of ice on hydraulic structures, in the early 30s he published a number of works on this topic: “The structure and physical properties of the ice cover of fresh waters”, “The effects of the ice cover on structures and the fight against it”, “Winter operation of gates hydraulic structures".

On the construction of the Canal. Moscow and other objects

After the completion of the construction of the Moscow Canal in 1937, A. Komarovsky was appointed deputy head of the construction of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric complex. Having studied the object, I came to the conclusion that the choice of the construction site was wrong due to unfavorable geological conditions. By that time, construction was already underway, for which a cluster of Gulag camps for 30,000 prisoners was built. On this occasion, Komarovsky entered into a tough conflict with the construction manager S. Ya. Zhuk. In the end, construction was stopped, and in the post-war period, it was started elsewhere.

The Great Patriotic War

In the first days of the war, Komarovsky was appointed head of the department for the construction of defensive structures of the Main Directorate for Defensive Works of the NKVD of the USSR. On August 5, 1941, brigade engineer A.N. Komarovsky was appointed head of the 5th Defense Works Directorate, which carried out the tasks of building defensive lines for the Southern and Southwestern fronts. The main control forces were directed to the construction of defensive lines near Kharkov. In October 1941, on the basis of the administration, the 5th sapper army was formed, headed by Komarovsky, which was aimed at building the Stalingrad defensive bypass.

According to the version common in Soviet historiography, in January 1942, by the Decree of the State Defense Committee, the construction department of Bakalstroy was formed on the basis of the army - the creation of a high-quality steel plant in the Chelyabinsk region. Bakalstroy became the beginning of the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant.

In fact, GKO Decree No. 1181 ss of January 22, 1942 “On the transfer of material resources and construction organizations from the construction of the Stalingrad borders to the construction of the Bakalsky plant (Chelyabinsk region)” was released from the post of commander of the 5th sapper army and from work in the NPO and transferred to the NKVD [ ] . The 5th sapper army continued to carry out work on the lines assigned to it. With Komarovsky in Chelyabinsk, a group of NKVD employees arrived at the Pershinsky site, 10-15 people who held various positions in the 5th sapper army, and formed the backbone of the operational-Chekist department of the ITL management and construction of the Bakalsky metallurgical plant / Chelyabmetallurgstroy of the NKVD of the USSR.

Starting construction in the vicinity of Chelyabinsk on the Pershinsky site from a peg in the field, Komarovsky, by the forces of labor mobilized Germans ( according to some authors, at least 6 thousand people died from starvation, disease and were shot for sabotage, these authors did not provide relevant documents [ ]) already achieved on April 19, 1943 the first melting of the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant.

According to the documentary book of the Soviet German Gerhard Volter "The Zone of Complete Peace", the position of A. Komarovsky was called "Head of the Construction Department of the BMK NKVD of the USSR." According to the order of the NKVD of the USSR in January 1942, signed by People's Commissar L.P. Beria, A.N. Komarovsky was appointed "head of the Department of ITL and the construction of the Bakalsky metallurgical plant - Bakalstroy of the NKVD of the USSR" (since August 13, 1942 - Chelyabmetallurgstroy of the NKVD of the USSR) .

post-war period

In 1944, Komarovsky was appointed head of the Main Directorate of Industrial Construction Camps of the NKVD. He was responsible for the construction of especially important facilities, carried out by the forces of GULAG prisoners. So, in -1953, he headed the construction of a complex of buildings of the Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov, including the Main Building of Moscow State University.

But the main activity of Komarovsky since 1945 was the construction of facilities for the "atomic project" of the USSR.

From the beginning of the construction of plant No. 817 (the modern Mayak plant), A. N. Komarovsky was involved in resolving supply issues as part of a commission under the engineering and technical council of the Special Committee.

On September 20, the railway supply for the construction of the enterprise was entrusted to B. N. Arutyunov, A. N. Komarovsky and N. A. Borisov.

Memory

• In 2006, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation established the departmental medal "Army General Komarovsky".
• The name of A. N. Komarovsky was given to a street in Chelyabinsk.
• By a decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of December 25, 1973, the name of A. N. Komarovsky was assigned to the Leningrad Higher Military Engineering School - now VITU.
• A memorial museum of A. N. Komarovsky was created in the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical College.
• In Moscow, on the facade of the house on Sivtsev Vrazhek Street, where A. N. Komarovsky lived, a memorial plaque was opened (2006).

In literature

Derived as an episodic off-stage character in the novel by Berkem al-Atomi "The Punisher" under the name of General A. N. Komaratsky.

In the series “Fate is connected with the Urals”, the publishing house “ABRIS”, the city of Chelyabinsk, in May 2014, a book by Boris SHMYROV “Komarovsky Alexander Nikolaevich. Builder. Soldier. Scientist"

Compositions

• Organization of work on the construction of the Lomonosov Moscow State University. M., 1958;
• Preparatory work on large constructions. M.-L., 1959;
• Building structures of accelerators. Ed. 2nd. M., 1961;
• Prestressed concrete in the construction of nuclear installations. M., 1968;
• Design and construction of nuclear installations. M., 1962;
• Panel and large-block construction of industrial and energy facilities. Ed. 2nd. M., 1970;
• Notes of a builder / A. N. Komarovsky. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1972. - 264, p. - 100,000 copies.(in lane, superregional)
• The use of atomic energy in the national economy. M., 1973;

• Hero of Socialist Labor (29.10.1949)
• Order of the Patriotic War 1st class
• Medals

Foreign awards

• Order of Sukhbaatar (MPR)
• Commander's Cross of the Order of the Rebirth of Poland with a Star (Poland)

Ranks

• professor (1958)

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Notes

1. document in Wikisource
2. Employees of the NKVD - Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR - Heroes of Socialist Labor // / Compiled and scientific editor V. I. Shishkin, under general edition Academician A.N. Yakovlev. - M .: International Fund "Democracy", 2000. - T. 2. - S. 188. - 773 p. - (Russia. XX century: Documents). - 3,000 copies. - ISBN 5-85646-045-6.
3. V. N. Novoselov. Chapter 27 - 2nd edition, corrected and enlarged. - Yekaterinburg: IPP "Ural worker", 1995. - 445 p. - 15,000 copies. - ISBN 5-85383-102-X.

Literature

Bohunenko N. N., Pelipenko A. D., Sosnin G. A. Komarovsky Alexander Nikolaevich // Heroes of the atomic project. - Sarov: Rosatom, 2005. - S. 196 - 197. - ISBN 5-9515-0005-2.

• Shmyrov B. D. Komarovsky Alexander Nikolaevich. Builder. Soldier. Scientist. - Chelyabinsk: ABRIS, 2014. - 160 p. (Destiny connected with the Urals). - ISBN 978-5-91744-080-4.

Links

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An excerpt characterizing Komarovsky, Alexander Nikolaevich

“You see,” said the adjutant, “this is a complicated story. Appeared then, about two months ago, this proclamation. The Count was brought. He ordered an investigation. Here Gavrilo Ivanovich was looking for, this proclamation was in exactly sixty-three hands. He will come to one: who do you get from? - From that. He goes to: who are you from? etc., we got to Vereshchagin ... an undereducated merchant, you know, a merchant, my dear, - the adjutant said smiling. - They ask him: from whom do you have? And most importantly, we know from whom he has. He has no one else to get from, as from the director's mail. But, apparently, there was a strike between them. He says: from no one, I composed it myself. And they threatened and asked, he stood on that: he composed it himself. So they reported to the Count. The count ordered to call him. "From whom do you have a proclamation?" - "I wrote it myself." Well, you know the Count! the adjutant said with a proud and cheerful smile. - He flared up terribly, and think about it: such impudence, lies and stubbornness! ..
- BUT! The Count needed to point out Klyucharev, I understand! Pierre said.
“It’s not necessary at all,” the adjutant said frightened. - There were sins for Klyucharev even without this, for which he was exiled. But the fact is that the count was very indignant. “How could you compose? says the Count. I took this "Hamburg newspaper" from the table. - There she is. You didn’t compose, but translated, and translated it badly, because you don’t know French, you fool.” What do you think? “No, he says, I didn’t read any newspapers, I composed them.” “And if so, then you are a traitor, and I will put you on trial, and you will be hanged. Tell me, from whom did you get it? “I didn’t see any newspapers, but I composed them.” And so it remained. The count also called on his father: he stands his ground. And they put him on trial, and sentenced, it seems, to hard labor. Now the father has come to plead for him. But bad boy! You know, a kind of merchant's son, a dandy, a seducer, he listened to lectures somewhere and already thinks that the devil is not his brother. After all, what a young man! His father has a tavern here by the Stone Bridge, so in the tavern, you know, there is a large image of the Almighty God and a scepter is presented in one hand, a power in the other; so he took this image home for a few days and what did he do! Found the bastard painter...

In the middle of this new story, Pierre was called to the commander in chief.
Pierre entered Count Rostopchin's office. Rostopchin, grimacing, was rubbing his forehead and eyes with his hand, while Pierre entered. The short man was saying something, and as soon as Pierre entered, he fell silent and left.
- BUT! Hello, great warrior, - said Rostopchin, as soon as this man left. - Heard about your prouesses [glorious deeds]! But that's not the point. Mon cher, entre nous, [Between us, my dear,] are you a Mason? - said Count Rostopchin in a stern tone, as if there was something wrong in this, but that he intended to forgive. Pierre was silent. - Mon cher, je suis bien informe, [To me, my dear, everything is well known,] but I know that there are Masons and Freemasons, and I hope that you do not belong to those who, under the guise of saving the human race, want to destroy Russia.
“Yes, I am a Mason,” answered Pierre.
“Well, you see, my dear. I think you are not unaware that Messrs. Speransky and Magnitsky have been sent to the right place; the same was done with Mr. Klyucharev, the same with others who, under the guise of building the temple of Solomon, tried to destroy the temple of their fatherland. You can understand that there are reasons for this and that I could not exile the local postmaster if he were not a harmful person. Now I know that you sent him yours. a carriage to get out of the city and even that you took papers from him for safekeeping. I love you and do not wish you harm, and since you are half my age, I, as a father, advise you to stop all contact with such people and leave here yourself as soon as possible.
- But what, count, is Klyucharev's fault? Pierre asked.
“It is my business to know and not yours to ask me,” cried Rostopchin.
“If he is accused of distributing Napoleon’s proclamations, then this has not been proven,” said Pierre (without looking at Rostopchin), “and Vereshchagin ...
- Nous y voila, [So it is,] - suddenly frowning, interrupting Pierre, Rostopchin screamed even louder than before. “Vereshchagin is a traitor and a traitor who will receive a well-deserved execution,” said Rostopchin with that fervor of anger with which people speak when they remember an insult. - But I did not call you to discuss my affairs, but to give you advice or orders, if you want it. I ask you to stop your relations with such gentlemen as Klyucharev and go from here. And I'll beat the crap, no matter who it is. - And, probably realizing that he seemed to be shouting at Bezukhov, who was not yet guilty of anything, he added, taking Pierre's hand in a friendly way: - Nous sommes a la veille d "un desastre publique, et je n" ai pas le temps de dire des gentillesses a tous ceux qui ont affaire a moi. My head is spinning sometimes! Eh! bien, mon cher, qu "est ce que vous faites, vous personnellement? [We are on the eve of a general disaster, and I have no time to be kind to everyone with whom I have business. So, my dear, what are you doing, you personally?]
- Mais rien, [Yes, nothing,] - Pierre answered, still without raising his eyes and without changing the expression of his thoughtful face.
The Count frowned.
- Un conseil d "ami, mon cher. Decampez et au plutot, c" est tout ce que je vous dis. A bon entendeur salut! Farewell, my dear. Oh, yes, he shouted to him from the door, is it true that the countess fell into the clutches of des saints peres de la Societe de Jesus? [Friendly advice. Get out soon, I'll tell you what. Blessed is he who knows how to obey!... the holy fathers of the Society of Jesus?]
Pierre did not answer and, frowning and angry, as he had never been seen, went out from Rostopchin.

By the time he got home, it was already getting dark. About eight different people visited him that evening. The secretary of the committee, the colonel of his battalion, the manager, the butler and various petitioners. Everyone had business before Pierre that he had to resolve. Pierre did not understand anything, was not interested in these matters, and gave only such answers to all questions that would free him from these people. Finally, left alone, he opened and read his wife's letter.
“They are soldiers on the battery, Prince Andrei is killed ... an old man ... Simplicity is obedience to God. You have to suffer… the meaning of everything… you have to match… your wife is getting married… You have to forget and understand…” And he went to the bed, without undressing, fell on it and immediately fell asleep.
When he woke up the next day in the morning, the butler came to report that a specially sent police official had come from Count Rostopchin to find out if Count Bezukhov had left or was leaving.
About ten different people dealing with Pierre were waiting for him in the living room. Pierre hastily dressed, and, instead of going to those who were waiting for him, he went to the back porch and from there went out through the gate.
From then until the end of the Moscow ruin, none of the Bezukhov households, despite all the searches, saw Pierre again and did not know where he was.

The Rostovs remained in the city until September 1, that is, until the eve of the enemy's entry into Moscow.
After Petya entered the regiment of Obolensky's Cossacks and left for Belaya Tserkov, where this regiment was being formed, fear came over the countess. The thought that both of her sons are at war, that both of them have left under her wing, that today or tomorrow each of them, and perhaps both together, like the three sons of one of her acquaintances, can be killed, for the first time. once now, this summer, came to her mind with cruel clarity. She tried to get Nikolai to her, she wanted to go to Petya herself, to find him somewhere in Petersburg, but both turned out to be impossible. Petya could not be returned otherwise than together with the regiment or by transfer to another active regiment. Nikolai was somewhere in the army and after his last letter, in which he described in detail his meeting with Princess Marya, he did not give a rumor about himself. The countess did not sleep at night, and when she fell asleep, she saw her murdered sons in a dream. After many councils and negotiations, the count finally came up with a means to calm the countess. He transferred Petya from the Obolensky regiment to the Bezukhov regiment, which was being formed near Moscow. Although Petya remained in military service, but with this transfer, the countess had the consolation of seeing at least one son under her wing and hoped to arrange her Petya in such a way that she would no longer let him out and always enroll in such places of service where he could never get into battle. While Nicolas alone was in danger, it seemed to the countess (and she even repented of this) that she loved her elder more than all the other children; but when the younger one, a naughty fellow who had studied badly, broke everything in the house and bored everyone with Petya, this snub-nosed Petya, with his merry black eyes, fresh blush and slightly piercing down on his cheeks, got there, to these big, terrible, cruel men who there they fight something and find something joyful in it - then it seemed to the mother that she loved him more, much more than all her children. The closer the time approached when the expected Petya was supposed to return to Moscow, the more the countess's anxiety increased. She already thought that she would never wait for this happiness. The presence of not only Sonya, but also her beloved Natasha, even her husband, irritated the countess. “What do I care about them, I don’t need anyone but Petya!” she thought.
In the last days of August, the Rostovs received a second letter from Nikolai. He wrote from the Voronezh province, where he was sent for horses. This letter did not reassure the countess. Knowing one son was out of danger, she became even more worried about Petya.
Despite the fact that already on the 20th of August almost all the Rostovs' acquaintances left Moscow, despite the fact that everyone persuaded the countess to leave as soon as possible, she did not want to hear anything about leaving until her treasure returned, adored Petya. Petya arrived on August 28. The painfully passionate tenderness with which his mother greeted him did not please the sixteen-year-old officer. Despite the fact that his mother hid from him her intention not to let him out now from under her wing, Petya understood her intentions and, instinctively afraid that he would not become tender with his mother, not get offended (as he thought with himself), he treated coldly with her, avoided her, and during his stay in Moscow exclusively kept the company of Natasha, for whom he always had a special, almost loving, brotherly tenderness.
Due to the count's usual carelessness, on August 28 nothing was yet ready for departure, and the carts expected from the Ryazan and Moscow villages to lift all the property from the house did not arrive until the 30th.
From August 28 to August 31, all of Moscow was in trouble and in motion. Every day, thousands of wounded in the Battle of Borodino were brought into and transported around Moscow to the Dorogomilovskaya outpost, and thousands of carts, with residents and property, went to other outposts. In spite of Rostopchin's billboards, either independently of them or because of them, the most contradictory and strange news was being broadcast around the city. Who spoke about the fact that no one was ordered to leave; who, on the contrary, said that they had taken all the icons from the churches and that they were all forcibly expelled; who said that there was another battle after Borodino, in which the French were defeated; who said, on the contrary, that the entire Russian army was destroyed; who talked about the Moscow militia, which will go ahead with the clergy to the Three Mountains; who quietly told that Augustine was not ordered to leave, that traitors were caught, that the peasants rebelled and robbed those who leave, etc., etc. But this was only said, and in fact, even those who were traveling, and those who remained (despite the fact that there had not yet been a council in Fili, at which it was decided to leave Moscow), all felt, although they did not show it, that Moscow would certainly be surrendered and that it was necessary to get out as soon as possible and save your property. It was felt that everything should suddenly break and change, but until the 1st, nothing had changed yet. Just as a criminal who is being led to execution knows that he is about to die, but still looks around him and adjusts his badly worn hat, so Moscow involuntarily continued its ordinary life, although it knew that the time of death was near, when all would be torn to pieces. those conditional relations of life to which we are accustomed to submit.
During these three days preceding the capture of Moscow, the entire Rostov family was in various everyday troubles. The head of the family, Count Ilya Andreich, constantly traveled around the city, collecting rumors from all sides, and at home made general superficial and hasty orders about preparations for departure.
The countess watched the cleaning of things, was dissatisfied with everything and went after Petya, who was constantly running away from her, jealous of him for Natasha, with whom he spent all the time. Sonya alone was in charge of the practical side of the matter: packing things. But Sonya has been especially sad and silent all this lately. Nicolas' letter, in which he mentioned Princess Marya, evoked in her presence the Countess's joyful reflections about how she saw God's Providence in Princess Marya's meeting with Nicolas.
“I never rejoiced then,” said the countess, “when Bolkonsky was Natasha’s fiancé, but I always wished, and I have a presentiment that Nikolinka will marry the princess. And how good it would be!
Sonya felt that this was true, that the only way to improve the affairs of the Rostovs was to marry a rich woman, and that the princess was a good match. But she was very sad about it. In spite of her grief, or perhaps precisely because of her grief, she took upon herself all the difficult cares of the arrangements for cleaning and packing things, and was busy all day long. The count and countess turned to her when they needed to order something. Petya and Natasha, on the contrary, not only did not help their parents, but for the most part they annoyed and interfered with everyone in the house. And all day long their running, screams and causeless laughter were almost audible in the house. They laughed and rejoiced not at all because there was a reason for their laughter; but their hearts were joyful and cheerful, and therefore everything that happened was for them a cause of joy and laughter. Petya was amused because, having left home as a boy, he returned (as everyone told him) as a fine man; it was merry because he was at home, because he had come from Belaya Tserkov, where there was no hope of falling into battle soon, to Moscow, where they would fight one of these days; and most importantly, cheerful because Natasha, whose spirit he always obeyed, was cheerful. Natasha, on the other hand, was cheerful because she had been sad for too long, and now nothing reminded her of the cause of her sadness, and she was healthy. She was also cheerful because there was a person who admired her (the admiration of others was that wheel grease that was necessary for her car to move completely freely), and Petya admired her. Most importantly, they were cheerful because the war was near Moscow, that they would fight at the outpost, that they were handing out weapons, that everyone was running away, leaving somewhere, that something extraordinary was happening in general, which is always joyful for a person, especially for a young one.

On the 31st of August, Saturday, everything seemed to be turned upside down in the Rostovs' house. All doors were opened, all furniture removed or rearranged, mirrors, paintings removed. There were chests in the rooms, hay, wrapping paper and ropes. The peasants and the servants who were carrying out things walked with heavy steps on the parquet. Peasants' carts were crowded in the yard, some already loaded on horseback and tied up, some still empty.
The voices and steps of the huge household and the peasants who arrived with carts sounded, calling to each other, in the yard and in the house. The Count went somewhere in the morning. The countess, who had a headache from the bustle and noise, was lying in the new sofa with vinegar bandages on her head. Petya was not at home (he went to a comrade with whom he intended to move from the militia to the active army). Sonya was present in the hall when laying crystal and porcelain. Natasha sat in her ruined room on the floor, between scattered dresses, ribbons, scarves, and, looking motionlessly at the floor, held in her hands an old ball gown, the same dress (already old in fashion) in which she had first been to St. Petersburg ball.