Basic research. State management of structural transformations in the sphere of leasing in the national economy of modern Russia malakhova natalya viktorovna Recommended list of dissertations

STRUCTURAL RESTRUCTURING OF THE REGIONAL ECONOMY

BOLSHAKOV S.N.

CLUSTERS AND STATE MANAGEMENT OF STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY

The article deals with regional features creation of a timber industry cluster. The directions of development of the cluster and the problems of modernization of the industrial complex of the region are analyzed.

KLASTERS AND THE GOVERNMENT STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS TO A NATIONAL ECONOMY

In article regional features of creation timber industry cluster are considered. Development directions Klaster and problems of modernization of an industrial complex of region are analyzed.

Keywords: regional economy, industrial complex, regional cluster, development of the region, cluster efficiency.

Keywords: regional economy, an industrial complex, regional cluster, region development, efficiency cluster.

The general direction of regional development should be the maximum strengthening of each region's own economic base through the restructuring of the economy, adequate to the requirements of a market economy and effective demand for the products of the region's enterprises.

The most concrete reflection of the requirements of sustainable development are also called upon to play local government as they develop and strengthen economic independence, since the main task of these bodies is to ensure the solution of the whole range of issues of servicing the population, the conditions of its life and thereby achieving political and social stability in the territories in close connection with the actions of the state authorities of the Federation as a whole and its subjects .

Considering the role that municipal bodies (local self-government) are called upon to play in the implementation of sustainable development, the state needs to pursue a course towards achieving the actual independence of these bodies in organizational, financial and legal terms.

Natural and ecological potential, which, although not always, has a direct economic assessment, but through the implementation of such components as land quality, proximity or remoteness from sales markets,

weather and climatic conditions, the ecological capacity of the territory, indirectly affects the final results economic activity region.

First of all, you should properly assess the land and Natural resources and show their place in the structure of national wealth. Land and natural resources are the main component of regional property.

The territory of the Novgorod region is 55.3 thousand square kilometers, including the area of Lake Ilmen, at the beginning of 2002 it ranked 48th in the Russian Federation in terms of area. The average population density of the region is 12.7 people per 1 sq. km. (the average population density in Russia is 8.7 people per 1 sq. km, in the European part of Russia - 27 people per 1 sq. km). The distance between the extreme points of the region in the east and west reaches 385 km, in the south and north -250 km.

At present, the signs of a territorial cluster as a community of geographically concentrated firms, closely related industries that mutually contribute to the growth of each other's competitiveness (firstly, the presence of an internal competitive environment, and secondly, the significant presence of the cluster in global economy, the presence of strong competitive positions in the global market) in the region, to a certain extent, the timber industry complex has.

Rice. 1. The structure of the timber industry cluster on the example of the forest cluster of the Novgorod region.

❖ support and development of existing clusters;

❖ "cultivation" of innovative clusters for which there are only certain prerequisites in the region in the form of competitive advantages.

The concept of purposeful formation of clusters by the state authorities of the region involves the implementation of the following main areas:

❖ study of the business environment in the region and identification of priority economic clusters;

❖ establishing a constructive dialogue and cooperation between government bodies and business;

❖ development of mechanisms to support cluster projects;

❖ formation of favorable conditions for the development of clusters.

Land analysis forest fund showed that in 2007 the total area

amounted to 3582.2 thousand hectares, including the area covered with forest - 3507.6 thousand hectares. Over the past ten years, the total forest area has not changed much (increased by 1.0 thousand hectares), and the area covered with forest has increased over the same period of time by 33.2 thousand hectares, despite the increase in felling of forests for primary use. The increase in the area covered with forest is likely to occur mainly due to the natural overgrowth of swamps and meadows.

Almost all stages of the production cycle of the timber industry complex are represented at the enterprises of the region - from the extraction of raw materials to the production of finished products.

Forest productivity is average: the annual average increase is 2.7-3.1 m3/ha. The total increase is about 5220 thousand cubic meters. The total stock of mature and overmature forests suitable for exploitation is 111.8 million cubic meters. The total forested area (about 4 million hectares) on the basis of sustainable forest management could ensure the felling of wood about 12 million cubic meters. The total stock of wood of all fund holders is 613.5 million cubic meters, including conifers - 220 million cubic meters, hardwoods - 294 million cubic meters. Changes in forest resources from 1983 to 2007 are presented in fig. 2.

There are optimal conditions in the region for the development of the forestry, pulp and paper and woodworking industries and increasing its efficiency:

❖ Availability of resource base: forested area is 3.5 million hectares; wood stock - 598.8 million m3 (largely hardwood - up to 75% of the stock), incl. mature and overmature stands - 261.1 million cubic meters. m; estimated annual cutting area in 2006 - 8.8 million cubic meters. m (share of softwood for 2006 - 21.0%);

❖ Availability of an extensive transport network (the length of public roads is 6,000 km);

❖ developed structure of consumption of wood raw materials, represented by sawmills, plywood, matches, paper, furniture woodworking enterprises;

❖ advantageous geographical position - proximity of the region to the largest Russian markets (St. Petersburg and Moscow) and to developed European countries, which is a stimulating factor for the development of exports of the industry's products;

❖ presence of a favorable investment climate.

18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0

Reforestation, ha

Main forest cuttings, ha.

Forest area covered by fires, ha

Rice. 2. forest resources

The timber industry complex (LPK) traditionally plays a very significant role in the economy of the Novgorod region. But if before 1991 it gave 10-12% of industrial production, now it is up to 20% with the volume of production and shipment of goods (without furniture) more than 10.5 billion rubles in 2007, ranking second after the chemical industry and being a structure-forming territorial production complex. The main production facilities of the complex are the production of plywood, including large format and laminated; lumber, including European quality standards; matches and match straws; cardboard packaging label. In 2007, the production index compared to the previous 2006 in woodworking was 101.0%, in pulp and paper production and printing industry - 153.0%, in 2005 the composite index for timber industry was 121.6% compared to the previous year. According to the results of 2004 (the last year of compiling statistical reporting according to the OKONKh classification), in the sectoral classification, the index of physical production volumes compared to the level of 1991, according to a comparable calculation base in the timber industry, amounted to 175% - the most dynamic indicator in the industry. The level of 1990-1991 has not been reached. for the harvesting and removal of timber, industrial timber and sawn timber, but for the production of plywood - more than three times closed and now amounts to more than 175 thousand cubic meters. m (7.5% of the total Russian production).

The allowable cutting area of the region was 5.7 million m per year in 1991, now it has been increased to 8.8 million m per year, the increase was due to deciduous

breeds. The development of the allowable cut in 1991 was 47.4%, now it has decreased to 37.8%, while for coniferous species the allowable cut is used by 52.7% (2006). The situation is explained by the fact that the most accessible reserves have already been selected, the construction of logging roads is not being carried out enough due to the lack of necessary funds from the producers and economic inefficiency - in the current price scale, wood is not able to recoup capital expenditures for the construction of logging roads, as well as due to the lack of demand for low-value softwood timber, which makes up the bulk of the reserves - up to 75%.

The balance of the regional timber market is developing in such a way that with the commissioning of new large sawmills, the demand for softwood raw materials of only the three largest lumber producers - UPM-Kyummene Pestovo LLC, Madok LLC, Setnovo LLC - exceeds the volume of procurement of softwood raw materials in areas. This leads to an increase in the price of raw materials (in 2005-2006, the price increase was already 1.5 times), an increase in imports from other regions, an increase in the profitability of procurement and, accordingly, the development of remote reserves and the construction of roads. The region has already seen an increase in competition in obtaining forest fund plots for use. It is possible to predict with confidence the growth of prices for standing timber, especially in areas convenient for development. The construction and commissioning of the Flyderer enterprise for the processing of low-grade wood will make it possible to bring into economic circulation so far little-used stocks of deciduous wood, including firewood, and to ensure a change in the species composition in the developed areas.

The timber industry complex of the region ranks second after the chemical industry in terms of exported products. The share of exports of timber products in the structure of all exports is now up to 30%. In total, in 2006 timber products were exported to the amount of 240 million US dollars. At the same time, the structure of timber exports during recent years is changing towards an increase in the share of exports of processed materials.

Growth in the share of timber industry in industrial production reflects the results of massive investments in recent years in this area and the consistent implementation of program measures to restructure the industry. Since 1999, the volume of investments in the timber industry has been growing. Over the period 1999-2003, more than 1.2 billion rubles were invested, in 2004 - 2.0 billion rubles, in 2005 - 0.95 billion rubles, in 2006 - 2.37 billion rubles, in 2007 - 2.26 billion rubles. According to the results of 2007, investments in the timber industry made up 17% of all investments in the fixed capital of the region's economy.

Implemented in the region regional program"Restructuring of the timber industry complex of the Novgorod region for 2000-2005", as a result of which, in fact, a new technological base for the timber industry complex of the region was created. Currently, the regional target program "Forests of the Novgorod Region" is being implemented, aimed at reforestation and the introduction of measures for rational sustainable forest management.

The following enterprises were put into operation: Madok LLC (1995-1999 in order of commissioning), Amkor Rench Novgorod (2000), modernization of Chudovo-RVS CJSC and Parfinsky Plywood Mill OJSC (2001-2002). , 2004-2006), a thin veneer line at CJSC Chudovo-RVS (2003, - 16.3 million euros, now - LLC UPM-Kyummene Chudovo), LLC Sodruzhestvo (2003 - 2, 7 million dollars), CJSC Pestovo-Novo (2004, 50 million euros, capacity of 250 thousand m of lumber per year, now - LLC UPM-Kymmene Pestovo), LLC Setnovo (2004, Founder - Finnish company Stora Enso, capacity 250 thousand m of lumber per year, investment 11.5 million euros). In essence, a new technological base has been created in the timber industry, but a significant gap in the level of technology and productivity of old and new enterprises remains.

In September 2006, a plant for the production of chipboards, including laminated ones, was put into operation by Flyderer LLC (111.4 million euros, the capacity of the 1st stage is 350 thousand m of chipboard per year, in the future with the next stages reaching full capacity, the enterprise will be able to process up to 1.5 million m3 of hardwood). Projected projects include an enterprise for the production of new-type OBV boards with a capacity of more than 300,000 m of board per year and processing up to 1.0 million m of hardwood per year, as well as an increase in the production of large-format plywood by 50,000 m.

It is obvious that the solution of social problems and the improvement of the living standards of the population of the region and the country as a whole can only be provided by an effectively growing economy. It is this course that is the main direction of the economic and industrial investment policy Novgorod region - the creation of production facilities of a modern technological level with a high degree of processing of raw materials and, accordingly, a high gross value added, and this, as the experience of reforms in the Novgorod region shows, in turn requires massive investments in the production and industrial complex of the region.

At present, the region's economy has reached the point where new approaches are required for the further qualitative economic development of the region, including the development of competitive territorial clusters. And first of all we are talking about attracting investments, including domestic business, to the implementation of large, structurally significant projects for the region. The most active now investors - foreign and Russian - are investing in the timber industry complex of the region as the most promising sector of the economy. The necessity and benefits of a systematic approach to the development of the economy are recognized primarily by the investors themselves, it is in this direction that serious foreign companies ready to cooperate with large domestic business.

Literature_

1. Economic strategies of active cities. Under the editorship of Grinchel B.M., St. Petersburg Publishing House. "Science", 2002. - S. 68-90.

2. Porter M. The competitive advantage of nations. - New York, 1990.

3. Berg L., van den, Klink H.A., van, Langen P., de. Maritieme clustering in Neder-land. - Rotterdam, 1997.

4. Jacobs D. Het kennisoffensief: Slim concurreren met kennis. Samson; Alphen aan den Rijn, 1996.

5. Cooke P. Regions, clusters and innovation networks // The rise of the Rustbel / Ed. P. Cooke. - London, 1995.

6. Lazonic W. Industry clusters versus global webs / Dep. of economics. - New York, 1992. - p.23.

7. Boekholt P. Methodology to identify regional clusters of firms and their needs: Paper for Sprint-RITS workshop. - Luxembourg, 1994.

Specialty HAC RF08.00.05
Number of pages 145

CHAPTER I

1.1. The main characteristics of the economic development model of Vietnam in the 80-90s. XX century

1.2. The nature of structural transformations under the influence of external economic relations

CHAPTER II. INVESTMENT POLICY AND STRUCTURAL SHIFTS IN THE VIETNAMIS ECONOMY AT THE STAGE OF MARKET TRANSFORMATIONS

2.1. Features of the investment policy of Vietnam at the present stage

2.2. Structural shifts in the economy during the implementation of market reforms

CHAPTER III. DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF STATE REGULATION OF THE MODERN VIETNAM ECONOMY

3.1. The main directions and forms of state management of the socio-economic development of Vietnam

3.2. Features of regulation and state support entrepreneurial activity

Recommended list of dissertations

Model of economic development of Vietnam: the role of external economic factors 2004, candidate of economic sciences Golikov, Maxim Yurievich
Economic reform in Vietnam 1997, Doctor of Economics Hoang Minh Ha
Economic Reforms in Transition: The Vietnam Experience 2000 Ph.D. in Economics Pham Duc Chin
The main problems and prospects for the development of the Vietnamese market economy up to 2010 1998, Doctor of Economics Chan Xuan Vuong
Transformation of the Vietnamese Economy in 1986-2010: Problems and Ways to Solve Them 2011, doctor of economic sciences Mazyrin, Vladimir Moiseevich

Introduction to the thesis (part of the abstract) on the topic "State management of structural transformations in the national economy (on the materials of Vietnam)"

The relevance of the study

At the present stage of the transformation of Vietnam, during which the transformation of structures, forms, ways economic activity and changes business activity in the economy, the most important task of the state is to choose the optimal model of structural transformations in national economy. It is on the successful solution of this problem that the direction and pace of economic growth, the modernization of the entire national economy of the country's complex largely depend.

The search for potential opportunities and new ways of Vietnam's economic development, in our opinion, require the development of scientific foundations for improving state regulation structural transformations in a country with peculiar geopolitical and economic characteristics(strategic position in Southeast Asia (SEA), unique natural and significant labor resources).

Unlike the situation in the markets of most countries in the Asian region (new industrial countries(NIS), Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, India, China, etc.) socio-economic structural transformations of modern Vietnam, the specifics of their implementation and the legitimacy of the chosen path, are not fully disclosed and studied in the economic literature. Since the model of structural transformations in the national economy of Vietnam has fundamental differences from the scheme of modernization of the national economic complex chosen by Russia and the CIS countries, as well as by a number of Eastern European countries, the study of the experience of Vietnam is important both for economic science and economic practice. activities, which determines the relevance of the problem under consideration, from the standpoint of the accelerated economic development of the country.

The degree of development of the problem

Significant Contribution in the making national model economic development in emerging markets have been introduced by Russian and foreign economists. The works of Anosova L.A., Bogatova E.R., Veronina A.S., Verchenko A., Glazunov E.P., G. Myrdal, J.K. Geyabreita, Kobeleva E.V., Letyagina D.V., Mazaeva A.G., Mazyrkina V.M., Malygina S.A., Makhovikova G.A., Plekhanov Yu.A., P. Robson, R Nurska, Sokolov A.A., Trigubenko M.E., Rostow, I.M. Cheshkov, T.I. Chufrin, V.A. Sheins, N.P. Shmelev, I.M. and a number of other authors. However, the development of an appropriate reform strategy and successful promotion of reforms in Viet Nam received little coverage.

It should be noted that this topic, one way or another, is touched upon in many works of Vietnamese economists. Among them are such authors as Bui Quang Dung, Vo Dai Luoc, Dang Thi Hieu La, Le-Dang Zoan, Do Hoai Nam, Tran Nguyen Tuyen, Pham Duc Chinh, Nguyen Duc Do, Le Van Shang, Nguyen Chan Que, Nguyen Xuan Thang, Dang Van Thanh, Fan Xuan Sean, Wu Tuan Anh, Dao Zui Tung, Chan Xuan Vyong and others.

As a result of studying numerous sources on the chosen topic, it seems to us that by now sufficient scientific material has been accumulated that allows us to make a certain theoretical, methodological and practical analysis of improving state regulation by structural transformations of the national economy.

However, systemic, large-scale reforms in Vietnam need further serious theoretical development. The urgency of the problem, its insufficient scientific development determined the goal, objectives, object and subject of the dissertation research.

All of the above determines the goal and objectives this study.

Purpose and objectives of the study. The purpose of this dissertation is to identify, on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the results of Vietnam's economic development over a long period of structural transformations in the socio-economic development of Vietnam in the formation of a national economic model.

To achieve this goal, the following theoretical and practical tasks:

Consideration of the main directions of reforming the economy from the point of view of forming the foundations of a new model of economic development and the impact of transformations on economic growth rates and improving the welfare of the people; determination of the main components of the modern model of economic development of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the prospects for its evolution as the economy becomes more open; ;

Reviewing the main directions of reforms and their close relationship with institutional and legal acts;

Formation of the main directions for the development of investment policy;

Study of the role and importance of state regulation at the stage of implementation of market reforms.

Features of the formation and development of small business at the present stage.

The object of the study is the features of economic transformations in the national economy of Vietnam in the process of implementing market reforms.

The subject of the study is the totality of socio-economic relations that arise in the process of national transformations in the socio-economic sphere of the national economic complex in the course of market reforms.

The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the works of leading foreign and domestic scientists devoted to the problems of state regulation of structural transformations in the national economy in conditions of market relations. The dissertation widely uses general scientific methods of dialectical, historical, systemic, functional and comparative research, as well as tools for macro, meso and microeconomic levels of analysis, conceptual provisions reflected in official documents.

The work is based on the study of legislative acts, official documents of state and private bodies of Vietnam, reference and statistical materials, some Internet sites.

The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it is based on a theoretical generalization of statistical and factual materials on the economy. Socialist Republic of Vietnam, as well as a critical examination of the results of the country's economic development over a long period, the decisive influence of market transformations on internal economic processes and the formation of a modern model of the country's national economic complex, focused on socialism, is clarified.

The most significant results submitted by the author of the dissertation research for defense are as follows:

1. Author's analysis of dynamics macroeconomic indicators development of Vietnam in the period of independence (from 1975 to the present) in the context of the application of various models of structural transformations allows us to introduce into scientific circulation the periodization of the economic development of Vietnam, according to which we can also distinguish stages, such as the period of formation of the foundations of the national economic mechanism and unbalanced industrialization (from the mid-1970s to the early 1990s); the period of alignment of socio-economic disproportions, the stage of stabilization of macroeconomic indicators and the period of relatively balanced growth (1990s to the present);

2. The main trends and patterns of development of economic, social and political institutions to create favorable conditions for the formation of a market economy and the restructuring of the national economy, increase the overall socio-economic development of the country and improve the living conditions of the population are identified.

3. The organizational and economic principles of state regulation, coordination and conservation state property, as the most important condition for maintaining and increasing economic growth rates while consistently reducing the number of state-owned enterprises and simultaneously increasing their efficiency and competitiveness.

4. The conceptual foundations for the formation and implementation of the national policy for the development of small and medium-sized businesses have been identified and justified as a strategic direction in the reproduction system, a means of achieving the optimal structure of the economy and increasing its efficiency, ensuring employment of the population, forming a middle class and a competitive environment, as well as maintaining an internal and foreign market.

5. Clarifications have been made and the methodological bases for assessing the results of activities at the micro- and macrolevels based on indicators of domestic and foreign investment and innovation activities, and other factors in the development of the country's economy have been significantly supplemented.

6. Features and main directions of improvement are revealed effective management economy, the search for new reserves to accelerate socio-economic growth within the framework of the nationwide doctrine of nationwide transformations through close coordination of the country's overall development strategy and state regulation policy, while gradually shifting the center of gravity of state intervention from direct to indirect methods, taking into account external and internal environmental factors.

Practical significance. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using its main provisions, results, conclusions and recommendations by the national executive authorities responsible for state regulation foreign economic activity(Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation). The results of the study can be used in the prospective formation of the directions of Russia's economic policy towards Vietnam within the framework of the Russian-Vietnamese Intergovernmental Commission, in the development by interested Russian companies of a strategy for entering the Vietnamese market, as well as in the preparation of bilateral thematic events through national chambers of commerce and industry and associations of producers and exporters. \

Individual developments of the author may be of interest for the preparation of lecture courses on the subjects " World economy”, “International economic relations», « transitional economy”, conducting practical classes with students of economic universities and faculties.

The structure and volume of work are determined by the purpose and objectives of the study. The dissertation consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a bibliography set out on 135 pages of typewritten text, contains 23 statistical tables compiled and calculated by the author on the basis of Vietnamese statistical reporting.

Similar theses in the specialty “Economics and Management of the National Economy: Theory of Management of Economic Systems; macroeconomics; economics, organization and management of enterprises, industries, complexes; innovation management; regional economy; logistics; labor economics”, 08.00.05 code HAC

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CONCLUSION

As the study shows, within the framework of the strategy of eradicating backwardness, Vietnam, like most of the newly-free countries, has demonstrated specific directions for structural transformations in the process of market reforms. The solution of the task was carried out by forced restructuring of the colonial sectoral and reproductive structure of the social product, the implementation of which in the 70-80s. XX century was carried out within the framework of the model of socialist orientation, and later - on the basis of market principles regulation while maintaining the leading role of the state. The central place in the economic policy of the state was assigned to the formation of a modern model of economic development oriented towards socialism.

The main conditions for the reforms were the centralization of political power within the framework of an unchanged political superstructure and reliance on external factors that during the period under review played a dominant role in the economic development of the country. An important prerequisite for increasing the country's participation in the international division was the increased interest of transnational corporations in the Vietnamese market.

After the liquidation of the socialist bloc and the change in growth conditions by the mid-1990s. In Vietnam, a mechanism of mixed impact on reproduction was formed, in which the public sector remained the institutional basis for economic growth, while maintaining a leading position in the national economy.

The pace of increasing the openness of the economy was restrained, due to the targeted impact of the state on trade mode, financial sector and the investment process in the interests of the implementation of import-substituting industrialization, as well as the existence of institutional and legal restrictions.

In the last decade of the 20th century, there was a radical regrouping of the positions of foreign partners in Vietnam in favor of expanding the market segment of Asian states, EU countries and the United States,

Russia (former USSR) until the beginning of the 90s. 20th century remained the most important political and largest trade and economic partner of Vietnam, with the direct participation of which a production potential was created in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, which became the basis for an economic breakthrough at the next stage. Started in Russia in the early 1990s. systemic crisis, an acute shortage of financial resources, a reorientation of political and economic interests have significantly narrowed the possibilities for pursuing an active trade policy in relation to Vietnam. For Vietnam, the rapid curtailment of cooperation with Russia, on the one hand, caused a sharp destabilization of the economic situation, and, on the other hand, stimulated domestic reforms and accelerated foreign economic reorientation.

Restoring the volume of cooperation in the new conditions requires the definition of priorities and the development of recommendations in the field of developing bilateral trade and economic ties in the new conditions.

The long process of social and economic reform in Vietnam allows us to draw a number of general conclusions that are of fundamental importance for assessing economic reforms and the development strategy of countries with economies in transition.

1. Formation in Vietnam of a planned model of economic development until the end of the 1980s. 20th century relied on a rigid political and ideological orientation of the development strategy towards partners in the socialist bloc. The main macroeconomic proportions of the economy were formed on the basis of state economy. At the same time, large-scale industry and basic economic infrastructure were created within the framework of the public sector and in cooperation with foreign capital.

2. Critical analysis economic situation during the period of socialist orientation indicates that the production sector created in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam was characterized by high capital intensity and focality, as well as an increasing dependence on the influx of external material, technical and financial resources. Weak integration modern sector into the "fabric" of a mixed economy, along with management errors, caused a deep crisis. The underestimation of financial and economic aspects in government policy has led to an aggravation of the financial crisis, a fading intensity of structural shifts in the economy, and a drop in the standard of living of the population. As a result of the collapse of the socialist bloc, the possibility of further implementation of the chosen model was called into question.

3. The need to increase the return on foreign economic activity for recovery macroeconomic equilibrium became the main prerequisite for transferring the Vietnamese economy to a market economy by strengthening the integration of economic structures, mobilizing internal resources, rationalizing financial policy and normalizing relations with the world community. Reforms in the 1990s 20th century led to the formation of a mixed model of economic development, in which various forms of ownership are formed that simultaneously compete and cooperate with each other, coexist and develop together. It is state, collective, mixed, private and personal property.

4. Changes in Vietnam have been made with national characteristics and the specific historical situation, the current structure of the economy, first in agriculture, and then in industry, exports have been activated, the financial and credit system and policy have been updated. The gradual transition to a market economy has resulted in significant economic growth, which is in harmony with the improvement in the well-being of the people.

5. At the same time, the institutional structure of the economy was being purposefully and consistently transformed without the use of economic elements of shock therapy, as was the case in individual countries of Eastern Europe, or shock without therapy, as exemplified by Russia and the CIS countries. The transformations affected primarily property relations, and the old forms were not destroyed, but reformed, supplemented or replaced by new forms. In Russia, on the contrary, the thesis about the diversity of forms of ownership was completely discarded, and privatization became almost the only means of entering the market economy.

6. Awareness for the use of the laws of a market economy in Vietnam. The process of Vietnam's movement towards a market economy was successful because its strategy used objective market laws: value, supply and demand, money circulation, competition, and many others. Favorable conditions have been created and continue to develop in the country for the implementation of the objective laws of a market economy. So, with the help of a policy of increasing interest rates the state activated the funds of the population, which made it possible to first curb and then reduce the rate of inflation, and to stabilize the price of rice, tens of thousands of tons of stock rice were supplied to the market, etc.

7. Preservation of the role of the state in the field of macro-management of the market economy. The state plays exclusively important role in the development and management of the country's economy, which allowed Vietnam to follow the path of a socialist-type market economy. Today it performs the following functions:

Policy development and legal framework to provide conditions for consistent development and< совершенствования предпринимательской деятельности;

Regulation of the economy and its management, maintaining macroeconomic stability, creating conditions for a competitive environment;

Formation of infrastructure, construction and operation of facilities in the field of transport, communications, energy, water supply, environmental protection, education, medicine, etc.;

Implementation of measures to improve public welfare and security, ensure social insurance.

To implement the tasks set, the administrative apparatus is being steadily reformed, a strong and professional state apparatus is being created, capable of working in a market economy.

8. In contrast to Russia, macroeconomic regulation in Vietnam has never been considered only as a means of financial stabilization; modernization of the sectoral and technological components of the economy.

9. The intensive process of internationalization of the economy made it possible to significantly expand its resource capabilities and room for maneuvering, attracting foreign investment in the development of socio-economic facilities, which greatly facilitated the implementation of market reforms.

10. Implementation of fundamental structural changes and limited access to financial opportunities predetermine a rather high “susceptibility” of Vietnam to foreign technologies and industrial equipment, not only from developed countries. This is a serious prerequisite for increasing the sales of Russian finished products (energy, metallurgical, chemical, car assembly equipment, ships, cars, tractor, aviation equipment, etc.) and services (construction, mining, energy, etc.) within the framework of programs adopted in Vietnam development in the field of mechanical engineering, metallurgy, transport and construction sectors, mining industry, etc.

11. The modern economic model of Vietnam has radically changed the situation in the local market, which requires Russian economic entities to take into account the factor of international competition, as well as modify and expand their understanding of the strategy for the development of the Vietnamese economy and the conditions for working in the Vietnamese market. This should be facilitated to no small extent by the infrastructure for promoting foreign economic activity and the direct participation of the state in providing favorable conditions for the access of Russian organizations to the Vietnam market.

Thus, S and MP exist and develop as a dynamic part of the economy, which contributes to a radical solution to the problem of employment, increasing the income of the population, and improving its living conditions. The development of S&M has revived the trade turnover, they promptly meet the needs of the people in various fields livelihoods, contributing to the development of production. In addition, C and MP effectively stimulate the flow of free financial resources of citizens into the development of industrial and economic activities, contributing to the transformation of the structure of the economy in the direction of industrialization and modernization of the country. On the other hand, S&MS apply new technologies and contribute to the development of a managerial cadre of managers who are able to work in market conditions. C and MP are also satellites - an integral part large enterprises and may become large-scale enterprises in the future.

List of references for dissertation research PhD in Economics Mac, Thi Ha, 2006

1. Statistical collections and documents1. 50 nam how dung va phat trien kinh te Viet nam 1945-1995. Hanoi, 1995. / 50 years of construction and economic development in Vietnam 1945-1995. Statistical handbook. Hanoi, 1995.

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1 Krasnoyarsk Institute of Railway Transport - branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Irkutsk state university means of communication"

The purpose of this work is to compare the measures taken with the main goals of the strategic development of the Russian economy, classify the measures adopted by the government of the Russian Federation to stimulate the sectors of the national economy, and also present a calculation model economic efficiency state material and non-material support of branches of the national economy. The results of this work are examples of classification and comparison of measures of state stimulation of sectors of the national economy in relation to current program strategic development of the economy and the presentation of a model for calculating the economic efficiency of state material and non-material support. They can be taken as a basis for determining the methodology, in terms of classifying and determining the economic efficiency of the government measures taken, for state stimulation of the sectors of the national economy. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the actions of the government correspond to the key aspects of the program to support sectors of the national economy during the period of the shock load on the economic system. The main government measures are aimed largely at direct support of the banking sector of the country's economic system. Thanks to the economic efficiency calculation model, it is possible to assess the qualitative side of the measures taken by the government to stimulate the state sectors of the national economy.

public administration

structural transformations

economic sanctions

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Today, the Russian economy is in the stage of structural transformations and, therefore, is characterized by numerous structural shifts, and, as a result, constant structural changes in the economic system.

Structural shifts, as a rule, are due to the uneven development of one or another element of the economic system, depending on changes in consumer demand or on technological, organizational modernization of the production cycle. Along with these natural and largely predictable aspects, there is a situation of a shock load on the economic system caused by external factors.

One such shock is the imposition of sanctions by the European Union on certain sectors of the Russian economy.

Thus, on the basis of the targeted destabilization of the economic system by the European Union, one of the largest tax agents, extractive industry, as well as the financial sector of the economic system.

But it is worth considering that our country is still in the stage of structural reform. And any structural reform should be based on previously outlined development guidelines. In the absence of these benchmarks, the reform loses its strategic meaning.

With all the significant changes that have taken place in the economic structure during the period of the shock load, it is important not to miss the main idea of the strategic development of the economic system. In other words, when choosing measures aimed at supporting the country's economy, it is necessary to start not from medium term development economic system, but from the strategic purposeful development. That is why it is necessary to continue the policy of long-term development of the economic system, in terms of stimulating potentially significant and competitive sectors of the economy.

A detailed program and directions for the development of the Russian economy are presented in the strategic development plan of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020. According to this document, the main directions of development of the Russian economy are focused on the purposeful development of the agrarian and industrial complex of our country. Here it is planned to establish processes for deep processing of raw materials in finished products, as well as to introduce powerful support for the scientific and technological complex, which makes it possible to increase the competitiveness and innovative development of the sectors of the national economy. It is also planned to form an optimal structure for the regional concentration of production forces, taking into account the capacities and infrastructure complex.

The main tools for implementing this program are financial incentives for new and existing high-tech competitive and innovative sectors of the national economy through effective taxation and the creation of appropriate centers of competence aimed at improving the efficiency of relevant activities.

Also, in order to implement the strategic development program and reduce the negative impact of sanctions restrictions, in accordance with Order No. 98-r dated January 27, 2015, one of the key areas of action of the Government of the Russian Federation aimed at restoring and maintaining the Russian economy was approved.

In order to determine the effectiveness of the actions of the government of the Russian Federation aimed at restoring and maintaining the country's economy during the period of sanctions, the decisions and orders of the Government were analyzed Russian Federation, with their classification by program and direction of funding.

Rice. 1. Decrees and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation on the financing program

Rice. 2. Resolutions and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation in the direction of financial incentives real sector Russian economy

Having examined the diagram (Fig. 1), it can be noted that in addition to compensating for additional inflationary costs, the government of the Russian Federation conducts targeted financing of the real and financial sectors of the Russian economy, which corresponds to the program to support the sectors of the national economy during the period of the shock load.

The data presented in the diagram (Fig. 2) indicate a significant distribution of funds, in banking system, thereby directly influencing only the financial sector of the Russian economy with the subsequent distribution of the multiplier effect on the entire real sector of the national economy. This situation can be characterized as an additional capitalization of Russian banks.

It should be noted that the measures correspond to the key aspects of the strategic development of the Russian economy and key areas of restoration and maintenance of the Russian economy. But at the same time, a huge proportion of funding is directed not to the development, implementation or readjustment of existing and newly introduced sectors of the national economy, but to restructuring, additional capitalization and subsidies for credit obligations, thus providing direct support only financial segment Russian economy, not the real sector of the national economy.

In other words, the measures are aimed at offsetting the negative impact of the financial sector on the real sector of the economy, without taking into account comprehensive support for the most significant and promising sectors of the national economy.

In this regard, it is necessary to create a methodology for classifying state incentives for the Russian economy, followed by the development of an assessment of the economic effectiveness of this incentive in the development of the country's economic system. The basis for such a classification can be the distribution of state incentives according to the financing program and in the direction of financial and other non-material support:

Classification of state incentives for sectors of the national economy

Name

normative act

State incentives on a territorial basis

State incentives in the direction of support

State incentives under the financing program

Amount under the program, billion rubles

Federal incentives for industries

State direct financial support for the real sector of the economy

Financing projects in the real sector of the economy (automotive industry)

State incentives under the financing program:

1. Compensation for additional inflationary costs.

2. Improving the stability of the banking system.

3. Financing of projects in the real sector of the economy.

4. Financing of socially significant projects.

5. Financing of nationally significant projects.

Classification by financing program is necessary to determine the appropriateness of short-term government incentives in relation to the strategic development of the economy.

State incentives in the direction of support:

1. State direct financial support for the real sector of the economy.

2. State support through the financial sector of the Russian economy.

3. Non-material state support ( regulations in the field of tax and other support for the activities of organizations).

Classification according to the direction of support is necessary to correlate the effect of the implementation of state incentives with the volume of direct material and non-material incentives for sectors of the national economy.

State incentives on a territorial basis:

1. Federal stimulation of industries.

2. Regional stimulation of industries.

Classification on a territorial basis is necessary to correlate the effect of government incentives to the maximum possible infrastructural capabilities of the regions.

The above classification of government incentives will allow us to evaluate and calculate the economic effect of direct and multiplicative impact on the structural transformation of the economic system.

The basis for calculating economic efficiency can be the Cobb-Douglas function Y = A * L α * K β (dependence of the volume of production Y on the factors of production that create it - labor costs L and capital K). At the same time, the value of the volume of production calculated before the shock load should be taken as a benchmark for balanced economic development of a particular segment of the economic system.

The formula for changing the volume of production depending on the measures taken or the shock load will take the form:

Y \u003d A * L α * K β,

where Y is the volume of production at a certain point in time, taking into account the recalculated coefficients of labor elasticity and capital elasticity, depending on the measures taken and, as a result, changes in the capital factor, A is the technological coefficient, α ≥ 0 is the labor elasticity coefficient, and β ≥ 0 - capital elasticity coefficient. Using the formula before applying the measure aimed at maintaining and restoring an element of the economic system and after the introduction of the measure, it is possible to determine the economic effect of material incentives or the negative consequences of economic sanctions.

Thus, the calculation of the economic effect coefficient will take the following form:

I = K β x - β o ;

where K is capital investments for the introduction of measures, βх is the capital elasticity coefficient after the adoption of measures, βo is the capital elasticity coefficient, calculated as a benchmark for balanced economic development.

Economic effect coefficient:

I = K β x - β o ; I = 0 - each ruble capital investments to stimulate the industry leads to a proportional increase in output; I > 1 - each ruble of capital investments to stimulate the industry leads to a significant increase in production; I< 1 - каждый рубль капитальных вложений по стимулированию отрасли приводит к незначительному увеличению объема производства.

The value of the economic effect coefficient less than 1 implies an excess of capital in relation to the technological features of the industry and from the availability of labor resources or from inefficient implementation of the measures taken. Also, this value of the coefficient may be caused by an excess of funding in relation to insufficient aggregate demand, which, in turn, requires additional measures to stimulate demand.

Based on the results of these studies, it can be concluded that the actions of the government correspond to the key aspects of the program to support sectors of the national economy during the period of the shock load, namely economic sanctions, and significant direct support for the banking sector of the country's economic system. Thanks to the model for calculating economic efficiency, it is possible to assess the qualitative side of the measures taken by the government to stimulate government sectors of the national economy. I would also like to note the need to assess the newly introduced measures, taking into account their economic efficiency, aimed at mitigating the consequences of economic sanctions, and also, first of all, take measures to increase the productivity and quality of labor in the real sector of the economy of the Russian Federation.

Bibliographic link

Ogurtsov P.G. EFFICIENCY OF STATE MANAGEMENT OF STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE INDUSTRY // Fundamental research. - 2016. - No. 9-1. - P. 172-176;
URL: http://fundamental-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=40716 (date of access: 12/20/2019). We bring to your attention the journals published by the publishing house "Academy of Natural History"

Specialty code:

08.00.05 Economics and management of the national economy

Specialty formula:

Within the framework of this specialty, economic systems, their genesis, formation, development, and forecasting are studied. The delimiting feature of the specialty 08.00.05 in relation to others economic specialties, and in particular 08.00.01 - Economic theory, is the study economic systems as objects of control. The object of research can be economic systems of various scales, levels, spheres of action, forms of ownership.

An integral part of the specialty 08.00.05 are theoretical and methodological principles, methods and methods of managing these systems, as well as institutional and infrastructural aspects of the development of economic systems:

An important component of the specialty 08.00.05 are various aspects of studying the subjects of management of economic systems (state, transnational, regional, corporate management structures, as well as managers as subjects of management).

The subject of research in this specialty is managerial relations that arise in the process of formation, development (stabilization) and destruction of economic systems.

Research areas:

1. Economics, organization and management of enterprises, industries, complexes

1.1. Industry.

Object of study: national, sectoral, regional and individual economic systems that have developed and are being formed as a result of institutional transformations in the primary and aggregated links of industry (enterprises, economic associations, financial and industrial associations of the fuel and energy, machine-building, metallurgical and other complexes of the national economy).

1.1.1. Development of new and adaptation existing methods, mechanisms

and tools for the functioning of the economy, organization and management of economic entities in industry.

1.1.2. Formation of mechanisms for sustainable development of the economy of industrial sectors, complexes, enterprises.

1.1.3. Mechanisms for the formation of corporate entities in Russian economy given the globalization of the world economy.

1.1.4. Tools for intra-company and strategic planning at industrial enterprises, industries and complexes.

1.1.5. Harmonization of industrial and trade policy, taking into account economic security.

1.1.6. State management of structural transformations in the national economy.

1.1.7. Mechanisms for changing forms of ownership (privatization, nationalization, integration, demonopolization, etc.) of economic entities.

1.1.8. Perfection organizational and legal forms of management in corporate entities.

1.1.9. Instruments for the functioning of commodity markets with limited and developed competition in the context of the globalization of the world economy and free trade.

1.1.10. Foreign trade activity of enterprises in the conditions of liberalization of foreign economic activity.

1.1.11. Evaluation and insurance of risks of economic entities.

1.1.12. Conditions and tools for creating transnational corporations, mechanisms for their adaptation to Russian economic conditions.

1.1.13. Tools and methods of management of industrial enterprises, industries, complexes.

1.1.14. Diversification vertically and horizontally integrated economic structures.

1.1.15. Theoretical and methodological foundations of the effectiveness of the development of enterprises, industries and complexes of the national economy.

1.1.16. Industrial policy at the macro and micro levels.

1.1.17. Theoretical and methodological foundations for monitoring the development of economic systems of the national economy.

1.1.18. Problems of improving energy security and economically sustainable development of the fuel and energy complex. Energy efficiency.

1.1.19. Methodological and methodological approaches to solving problems in the field of economics, organization of management of industries and enterprises fuel and energy complex.

1.1.20. Status and development prospects of the fuel and energy, machine-building, and metallurgical sectors.

1.1.21. Status and main directions of investment policy in fuel and energy, machine-building and metallurgical complexes.

1.1.22. Development Methodology business processes and business planning in the power industry, oil and gas, coal, metallurgical, engineering and other industries.

1.1.23. Methodological and methodological issues of forecasting fuel and energy balance of the country, territorial-administrative formation.

1.1.24. Tariff policy in industries fuel and energy complex. Methodological and methodological approaches to problem solving

in areas of economics, organization and management of industries and enterprises of the metallurgical complex.

1.1.25. Methodological and methodological approaches to solving problems in the field of economics, organization and management of industries and enterprises of the machine-building complex.

1.1.26. Theoretical and methodological approaches to the creation of a controlling system in an industrial organization.

1.1.27. Managing the production program in various business conditions of the organization's division.

1.1.28. Problems of restructuring industries and industrial enterprises.

1.1.29. Methodological problems of industrial economics as

1.2. Agro-industrial complex and agriculture.

The content of this area of research: economic relations in the field of agro-industrial complex and its branches: agriculture, food and processing industry, agricultural engineering, production of mineral fertilizers, forestry, water and fisheries, wholesale and retail food and agricultural products, services for enterprises and organizations of the complex, industrial and social infrastructure.

Object of research: organizational structure, structure of the agro-industrial complex and intersectoral relations; material and technical base of the agro-industrial complex and its branches, food and resource markets of the agro-industrial complex; food sub-complexes, social, economic and organizational and managerial problems of enterprises and branches of the agro-industrial complex, including agriculture; countryside.

1.2.30. The theory of agrarian relations, including land relations; development of property relations in agriculture and other sectors of the agro-industrial complex.

1.2.31. Functioning and development of agro-food and resource markets of the agro-industrial complex, methods of their protection.

1.2.32. State regulation of agriculture and other branches of the agro-industrial complex.

1.2.33. Features of the reproductive process in agriculture,

in including the reproduction of fixed assets, land and labor resources, investment activities, financing and lending.

1.2.34. Development Features material and technical base of the agro-industrial complex and its branches.

1.2.35. Features of formation and use human capital in the agricultural sector, employment and income of the rural population

1.2.36. Agricultural land market, land relations in the agricultural sector of the economy and rural areas

1.2.37. Institutional transformations in the agro-industrial complex.

1.2.38. The efficiency of the functioning of industries and enterprises of the agro-industrial complex.

1.2.39. Substantiation of forecasts and prospects for the development of the agro-industrial complex and agriculture.

1.2.40. Innovations and scientific and technological progress in the agro-industrial complex and agriculture

1.2.41. Planning and management of the agro-industrial complex, enterprises and branches of the agro-industrial complex

1.2.42. Organizational and economic mechanism of management in the agro-industrial complex, organizational and economic aspects of the management of technological processes in agriculture

1.2.43. Economic problems of the formation and functioning of integrated structures in the agro-industrial complex and agriculture

1.2.44. Development of agricultural cooperation, including production, servicing and credit.

1.2.45. Economic problems of the creation and functioning of small and medium-sized businesses in the agro-industrial complex and rural areas

1.2.46. Formation, development and functioning of information and advisory systems in the agro-industrial complex

1.2.47. Development of rural subsidiary industries and crafts

1.2.48. Economic problems of the development of personal subsidiary plots

1.2.49. Economics, organization and management in peasant (farm) households and rural individual entrepreneurs

1.2.50. Multifunctional nature of agriculture, sustainable development of rural areas and social infrastructure

1.2.51. Food security of the country, consequences of the global food crisis, agrarian aspects of Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization.

1.3. Construction.

The content of this area of research: the development of economic problems of the current state and forecasting the development of the construction complex under the influence of such trends and factors as the restructuring of national economies, innovative technologies, improving the technological and reproductive investment structures, increasing the role of socially oriented development directions, etc.

Object of study: the building complex as a whole; enterprises of various forms of ownership operating in the investment and construction sector; organizational and legal forms of interaction between participants in the investment and construction process, their association;

state regulation in the field capital construction, housing and communal services, in the real estate market.

1.3.52. Theoretical and methodological foundations for the development of the building complex.

1.3.53. Organizational and economic aspects of the formation of management systems for the construction complex; study of modern trends in the development of construction and its organizational forms as a self-organizing and self-regulating system; state functions of regulation of market relations in construction.

1.3.54. Analysis of the current state and main trends in the development of the construction market and its individual segments.

1.3.55. Analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of investments in improving the technological level, mechanization and automation of construction production; ensuring the competitiveness of construction products

and construction companies.

1.3.56. Methodological and methodological approaches to development estimated rationing and market methods construction pricing.

1.3.57. Development of theory, methodology and organization contract bidding(competitions) for objects and services in construction and municipal economy.

1.3.58. Development of the theory, methodology and methods for evaluating the effectiveness of construction organizations.

1.3.59. Methodological foundations for the formation of a system of relationships between participants in the investment process in construction (investor - customer - developer - designer - contractor).

1.3.60. Methodology for the formation of a market mechanism for managing corporate structures in the construction industry.

1.3.61. Development of methodological approaches to the economy and management of various areas of capital construction.

1.3.62. Methodological foundations economic mechanism the functioning of enterprises of the construction complex and the material and technical base of construction, including the industry of building materials, products and structures.

1.3.63. Formation of theoretical and methodological foundations for managing leasing operations in construction.

1.3.64. Theoretical and methodological foundations for ensuring the specified time, cost, quality, environmental friendliness and competitiveness of construction products.

1.3.65. Development of a methodology for managing the quality and competitiveness of construction products.

1.3.66. Development of the theory and methodology for managing real estate objects of various functional purposes.

1.3.67. Theoretical and methodological foundations for the development and implementation of innovations in the main, auxiliary and service

production processes for the creation, operation and maintenance of real estate.

1.3.68. Methodological approaches to the analysis of portfolio investments in the real estate market.

1.3.69. Theoretical and methodological problems of managing the value of real estate objects at various stages of the life cycle.

1.3.70. State regulation of the real estate market, the formation of federal and municipal investment policy in the field of housing construction in a socially oriented market economy.

1.3.71. Organizational and economic a mechanism for managing investments in complex development in large metropolitan areas, the development of a certification program housing stock and the formation of a cadastre of urban areas.

1.3.72. Methodology Development integrated management housing stock. Methods for assessing the efficiency of operation, reproduction and expansion of the housing stock (reconstruction, modernization and new construction).

1.3.73. Analysis of the state and determination of trends in the development of the sphere housing and communal services of various organizational and legal forms of functioning.

1.3.74. Organizational and economic aspects of the formation of resource and energy saving management systems in housing and communal services.

1.3.75. Economic problems of reconstruction and restoration of fixed assets of housing and communal services of various forms of ownership.

1.3.76. Development of management methodology and organization of investment design in construction.

1.3.77. Theoretical, methodological and methodological foundations for determining effectiveness investment projects in construction.

1.3.78. Development of the theory and methodology of risk management of investment projects in construction.

1.4. Transport.

Object of study: transport companies and organizations.

1.4.79. Development of methodology and economic theory transport.

1.4.80. Economic analysis of the activities of enterprises and organizations various kinds transport, performed at the level transport system country, its regions, modes of transport and their structural divisions – railways, sea and river shipping companies, airlines, etc.

1.4.81. Study of the influence of transport factors on the development of markets,

placement of productive forces, increasing efficiency social production and economic security countries.

1.4.82. Assessment of the quality of transport services for the economy and population of the country.

1.4.83. Economic substantiation of control systems in transport.

1.4.84. Evaluation of the economic efficiency of a new transport construction, technical re-equipment and modernization of communications.

1.4.85. Determination of the economic efficiency of rolling stock modernization and creation of new vehicles.

1.4.86. Study of the economic efficiency of new forms and methods of organizing transportation, transport construction, Maintenance and repair of rolling stock.

1.4.87. Study of regularities and principles of distribution of passenger and cargo flows by types of transport, selection of economically viable schemes for the development of transportation and organization of the transportation process.

1.4.88. Methods of forecasting and strategic planning of freight and passenger traffic.

1.4.89. Planning and Analysis production, economic and commercial activities of transport enterprises.

1.4.90. Improvement of cargo and passenger tariffs.

1.4.91. Organization of licensing and certification of activities of transport enterprises.

1.4.92. Organization of transport management.

1.5. Communication and informatization.

Object of study: the information infrastructure of the country and its individual components.

1.5.93. Development of methodology, economic theory and management methods in the field of communications and informatization.

1.5.94. Economic analysis of the activities of enterprises and organizations of communication and informatization, performed at the level of the industry and individual structural units, as well as in the territorial (regional) context.

1.5.95. Study of the influence of communication and informatization on the development of markets, productive forces, the efficiency of social production, socio-economic progress and economic security of the country.

1.5.96. Evaluation of the quality of service for the economy and the population of the country by means of communication and informatization.

1.5.97. Determination of economic efficiency of modernization material and technical base of enterprises and organizations of communication and informatization.

1.5.98. Study of the economic efficiency of new forms and methods information support using various types of communication.

1.5.99. Study of patterns and principles of distribution of information flows over networks of various types of communication at the country level

and individual regions.

1.5.100. Planning and analysis of production, economic and commercial activities of communication and informatization enterprises.

1.5.101. Organization of licensing and certification of activities of communication and informatization enterprises.

1.5.102. Research of forms and methods of state regulation at communication and informatization enterprises

1.5.103. Study of regularities, industrial relations, scientific principles, forms, methods and means of information infrastructure formation.

1.5.104. Research of financial and organizational methods and mechanisms of management of innovative development of means of communication and informatization.

1.5.105. Problems of improving information security and sustainable development of the market for means of the communications and informatization industry.

1.5.106. Research and development of organizational and economic principles, forms and methods of international and state regulation of information security in the communications and informatization industry.

1.5.107. Development of audit methodology information systems, including the development of guiding, organizational, methodological and normative documents, methods for substantiating the choice of hardware and software, procedures for managing the progress of development, methods for assessing risks and measures to minimize the consequences of their occurrence.

1.5.108. Development of new information technologies that ensure the efficient functioning of e-business.

1.6. Services sector.

The content of this area of research: analysis of current trends and forecasts for the development of the economy, management of the service sector; determination of scientifically substantiated organizational and economic forms of activity, typologies of forms of the economic mechanism of enterprises, institutions, organizations and complexes of service industries; improvement of management methods and state regulation.

Object of study: all organizational and legal forms of enterprises and organizations (commercial private enterprises, non-profit institutions, public organizations, unions, associations, federal bodies, bodies of subjects of the federation, regional and local bodies

management of industries and complexes, international organizations and unions, etc.), providing the main activity in the service sector, as well as industrial and social infrastructure, training.

1.6.109. Improving the organization, management in the service sector in market conditions.

1.6.110. Features of the formation and development of the public (state) sector of the service sector.

1.6.111. The resource potential of service industries and the efficiency of its use.

1.6.112. Factors affecting the location and efficiency of service enterprises.

1.6.113. Economic methods and criteria for substantiating the effectiveness of specialization and cooperation in the service sector.

1.6.114. Organizational and economic support of standards for services

1.6.117. Modern trends in the development of organizational and economic

forms of business in the service sector.
1.6.118. Formation		and development of sectoral, regional
nationwide service markets.
1.6.119. Features of small and				forms of entrepreneurial
activities in service industries.
1.6.120. Economic			state			regulation
intellectual property in the service sector.						ensure
1.6.121. Organizational and economic				mechanisms
innovative development service industries.
1.6.122. Ratio		market	and state		regulators
development of industries and complexes of the service sector.
1.6.123. Ensuring the competitiveness of service enterprises.
1.6.124. Forms	state			support		domestic
service providers.
1.6.125. Raise		efficiency		use		market
service tools.
1.6.126. Social infrastructure of enterprises in market conditions.
1.6.127. Economic			functioning		non-commercial

organizations in the service sector.

1.6.128. State support for non-profit organizations in the service sector.

1.6.129. Economic problems of charity, patronage and sponsorship in the service sector.

1.6.130. Economic fundamentals social protection and support of the population.

1.6.131. The mechanism of anti-crisis management in the service sector.

1.6.132. Public-private partnership in the service sector. 2. Innovation management.

The content of this area of research: identification, analysis and resolution of problems of innovative development of the national economy, management of the main parameters of innovative processes in modern economy, scientific, technical and organizational renewal of socio-economic systems, as well as methods and tools for assessing the results of innovation.

Object of study: economic processes of formation and organization of the effective functioning of the innovation sphere of the national economy, including a set of innovations created and mastered by regions, industries and enterprises as a result of innovative activity; mechanisms for its investment, information and organizational support; methods and tools for substantiating directions and evaluating the effectiveness of innovative development of economic systems.

2.1. Development of theoretical and methodological provisions of innovation activity; improvement of forms and methods of research of innovative processes in economic systems.

2.2. Development of methodology and methods for evaluation, analysis, modeling and forecasting of innovation activity in economic systems.

2.3. Formation of the innovation environment as the most important condition for the implementation of effective innovation. Determination of approaches, forms and methods of creating favorable conditions for the implementation of innovative activities. Ways to improve the innovation climate.

2.4. Research of integration processes in the innovative environment. Concepts of updates and forms of their practical implementation.

2.5. Features of creation and research of national innovation systems: principles of construction and development, structures and functions, efficiency assessment.

2.6. Development of methods and mechanisms for integrating university science into the national innovation system and the global innovation process. Development of methods and forms of commercialization of university innovations in small innovative enterprises.

2.7. Features and problems of formation of small innovative enterprises on the basis of budgetary scientific and educational organizations.

2.8. Research of the life cycle of innovations: cycle parameters, tools and technologies for managing life cycle parameters, balanced development of innovation and investment cycles in economic systems.

2.9. Assessment of the innovative potential of economic systems.

2.10. Evaluation of the innovative activity of business entities in order to ensure their sustainable economic development and growth in value.

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