Russia has always been multinational, this feature is closely connected with the history of the country, during which it influenced the consciousness and lifestyle of the people inhabiting the country. The multinational composition of the state is also indicated in the constitution, where it is called the bearer of sovereignty and the source of power.
Due to the heterogeneous composition of the country's population since ancient times, many people who identify themselves as actually have different roots and can be considered equally representatives of other nationalities. But in the USSR, a mandatory fixation of ethnicity was adopted, which served as the basis for determining the number of nationalities and their percentage. Today, it is not necessary to indicate your own, and there is no exact figure in the census data - some people did not mark their origin.
In addition, - a rather vague concept, ethnographers divide some nationalities into several parts, others are divided into separate groups. Some disappear or assimilate.
Number of nations in Russia
Nevertheless, census data allow us to calculate an almost exact number of nations whose representatives live on the territory of Russia. There are more than 190 of them, although only about 80 nationalities make up a more or less significant part of the population: the rest get thousandths of a percent.
In the first place are Russians or those people who classify themselves as Russians: these include the Karyms, Ob and Lena old-timers, Pomors, Russo-Ustyintsy, Mezens - there are a lot of self-names, but they all make up a nation. The number of Russians in the country is more than 115 million people.
In second place are the Tatars and all their varieties: Siberian, Kazan, Astrakhan and others. They number five and a half million, which is almost 4% of the country's population. This is followed by Ukrainians, Bashkirs, Chechens, Chuvashs, Armenians, Belarusians, Mordovians, Kazakhs, Udmurts and many other nationalities: Caucasian, Slavic, Siberian. Part of the population - about 0.13% - are Roma. Germans, Greeks, Poles, Lithuanians, Chinese, Koreans, Arabs live on the territory of Russia.
Thousands of percent are given to such nationalities as Persians, Hungarians, Romanians, Czechs, Saami, Teleuts, Spaniards, French. There are also representatives of very few nationalities in the country: Laz, Vod, Svans, Ingiloys, Yugis, Arnauts.
Russia occupies a vast territory from the Arctic and Pacific Oceans to the Black and Caspian Seas. She represents an amazing example of the unity of nations, which is displayed on her coat of arms.
Various ethnic groups living in the area bordering Europe and Asia made up the cultural and historical identity of Russia. The formation of the Russian state was based on the Finno-Ugric, East Slavic, Baltic and other small peoples, in total, according to the annals, more than 20 names. For many centuries, the Russian state expanded its borders at the expense of the border regions, the population of which became part of the Russian people.
As a result historical events, Russia has become the only state with such a diverse cultural and ethnic composition.
Ethnic groups in Russia
According to the results last census population Russian Federation, held in 2010, 195 nationalities live on the territory of the state. The population of the country can be conditionally classified according to ethnic and linguistic principles. The division affects the historical roots of the peoples, even if the modern indigenous population no longer speaks the language of their ancestors.
Slavic peoples belong to the representatives of the Indo-European culture - there are more than 14 million of them living in Russia; this also includes the Baltic, Germanic, Romanesque, Greek, Armenian, Iranian, Indo-Aryan peoples.
The Yukagir-Ural family gave birth to Finns, Estonians, Karelians, Mordovians, residents of Komi. From here came the Khanty (inhabiting the Russian North in the amount of more than 30 thousand people), Mansi (there are just over 12.5 thousand of them in Russia), Udmurts (552,300 people), Chuvans and Yukaghirs.
The Altai branch, whose representatives inhabit the Altai Republic and border regions, is divided into five families. These are Koreans and Japanese, Mongols, as well as representatives of the Turkic and Tungus-Manchurian nation. How many today in the territory modern Russia representatives of these peoples live, it is difficult to say. According to the results of the last census, some of them identified themselves as "Russians", which means they abandoned their national self-identification.
The North Caucasian nation gave the country a population that can be divided into 2 camps. These are representatives of the North Caucasian peoples and Abkhazian-Adyghe residents. The first branch includes: Dagestanis, Chechens, Ingush, Avars, Lizgins and other small peoples. The second branch: Kabardins, Adyghes, Abkhazians and Circassians.
Modern Georgians originate from the Kartvelian nation. Little-studied endangered peoples, such as the Ingiloys and Mingrelians, also originated from there.
small nations
Modern Russia also includes other small peoples known only to scientists in the field of ethnic knowledge. These are Austroasiatic, Sino-Tibetan, Afroasian and Paleoasian tribes. More than 10 thousand people, despite Russian citizenship, in 2010 identified themselves as Arabs, Bahrainis, Egyptians, Yukagirs, Mauritanians, Sudanese, impudent, etc.
Despite all the diversity and difference in cultures, representatives of different nations are connected by one historical destiny. She goes back centuries. More than once over the course of many centuries, peoples fought together against the conquerors. Such unity gave rise to the strengthening and development of folk traditions, which has become one of the features of our multinational Motherland.
A huge number of nationalities live on the territory of Russia - more than 180. The largest ethnic groups number several million people, the smallest - several hundred.
How the territory of Russia was formed
The abundance of various nations and nationalities living on the territory of Russia largely depends on the history of its formation. Since ancient times, the Scythians lived in this territory. Also occupied part of modern Russia. The Khazars lived in the region of the Volga region and the North Caucasus, and the Bulgars lived in the Kama region. Old Russian was formed from the tribes of Krivichi, Drevlyans, Slovenes, Vyatichi, Severians. Also, its development was influenced by the Finno-Ugric peoples. Thus, the ancient Russian state was multinational from the very beginning of its existence.From the 14-15th century, when the Tatar-Mongol invaders were expelled from their lands, the rapid development of the state began. Tsarist Russia formed a strong one, which helped to annex the territories of the Volga region, the Caucasus, Siberia, Far East, the Urals and the North. So, several new nationalities were included in the composition. Ukraine and Belarus were also part of Russia, but separated after the collapse of the USSR. On the other hand, representatives of many nationalities living on the territory of the Soviet Union, at one time moved to Russia, where they still live.
What nationalities are part of Russia
Of the many Russian nations and nationalities, only a few have a significant number - Tatars, Chuvashs, Mordovians, Chechens and Ingush, Avars and Dargins, Yakuts and Udmurts. Also lives in Russia a large number of residents belonging by nation to other states - Ukrainians, Belarusians, Armenians, Kazakhs, Azerbaijanis.The most common nationality after Russians is Tatars. They live in the Volga region and in the Crimea. Mordovians and Mari also live there. Bashkirs live in the central part of Russia. The western part of the country is inhabited by the Chuvashs, Siberia by the Yakuts, Altaians and Khakass, the west of the region by the Buryats, Khanty and Mansi, and the east by the Evenks. Nenets, Chukchi, Aleuts live in the Far North, Karelians live in the north-west of the country. The Caucasus is occupied by Kabardians, Circassians, Lezgins, Chechens, Ingush, Circassians, Ossetians. Kalmyks live in the Caspian region.
The most numerous nationalities form autonomous republics and districts. There are 22 of them in total: Udmurtia, Chechnya, Ingushetia, Chuvashia, Tatarstan, Mordovia, Karelia, Yakutia, Khakassia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Dagestan, Komi, Adygea, North Ossetia, Karachay-Cherkessia, Tuva, Buryatia, Mari El, Bashkiria, Altai , Kalmykia, Crimea. There are 5 autonomous regions in Russia: Khanty-Mansiysk, Chukotsky, Nenets, Crimean and Yamal-Nenets. Also, according to the names of nationalities, some settlements and geographical objects of Russia - for example, the city of Khanty-Mansiysk.
Since ancient times, a huge number of nations and nationalities have lived in Russia. At the same time, the majority of Russians have a friendly attitude towards the most diverse peoples inhabiting the country. In addition, the presence in Russia a large number nationalities is legally enshrined in the Constitution.
The fourth place rightfully belongs to the Bashkirs. There are more than one and a half million of them in Russia, most of them live directly on the territory of Bashkiria. The fifth place was shared by the Chuvash and Chechens. There are 1% of them in Russia, that is, about one and a half million. The sixth place in terms of numbers is occupied by Armenians, there are more than a million of them.
Also, Russia is home to a number of nationalities, numbering more than half a million people. Among them are Avars, Azerbaijanis, Belarusians, Dargins, Kabardians, Kazakhs, Kumyks, Maris, Mordovians and Ossetians. Most of these peoples live compactly in their regions. The exception is the representatives of the former Soviet republics - Azerbaijanis, Belarusians and Kazakhs.
In the late 1980s, more than 2 million Jews lived in Russia. However, many of them left for their historical homeland in Israel. According to the 2010 census, only 157 thousand remained in Russia.
Indigenous peoples
In addition, 97 indigenous peoples live on the territory of the Russian Federation. In total, there are about 500 thousand of them, i.e. 0.3% of the country's population. 13 of them have less than a thousand people. The largest of these peoples are the Nenets (41 thousand people), and the smallest are the Kereks. There are only 4 of them left. At present, the government of the Russian Federation is making a lot of efforts to preserve and develop indigenous peoples.The exact number of nationalities currently living in Russia cannot even be named. state committee statistics. Moreover, unlike the times of the Soviet Union, now no one is required to accurately indicate their nationality.
The national composition of Russia is formed by polling people in the process of population census.
The number of inhabitants of Russia is 142,856,536 people.
More than 137 million people have confirmed their nationality.
What is the Russian nation
This name has a written wording. It can be seen in the glossary of terms in the field public policy. The Russian Federation is referred to there as "a state that has a diverse composition of inhabitants and is distinguished by a significant regional peculiarity."
The Russian nation is defined in the following way: civil-political nationality, united on the basis of historical and ethnic Russian statehood.
Its inhabitants have the same rights, common values, a sense of belonging to the entire population, obligations and unity.
List of all nationalities in Russia
Seven nations live on a permanent basis, with more than 1,000,000 representatives. These are Russians, Tatars, Ukrainians, Chuvashs, Bashkirs, Armenians, Chechens. Most of all live native Russians. The second largest is the Tatar people (3.83%) and people from Ukraine (2.03%). The number of Chechens increased by 5.23%, Armenians by 4.59%.
The list of nationalities is presented in the table:
The largest peoples of Russia
More than 180 peoples live in Russia. There are special atlases for children, where the names of nationalities with pictures and descriptions are presented.
The basis of the inhabitants of the Russian Federation consists of Russians. Then come the Tatars.
You can also distinguish groups of peoples. The largest group is the Slavs.
In general, the Russian Federation is inhabited by representatives of 9 language families, which differ in language, lifestyle and culture.
The most numerous nationalities that live in Russia include:
- Russians - more than 110,000,000 people;
- Tatars - 5.4 million;
- Ukrainians - 2,000,000;
- Bashkirs - 1.6 million;
- representatives Chuvash Republic– 1.4 million;
- people from the Chechen Republic - 1.4 million.
Small peoples of Russia
These are representatives of the Finno-Ugric, Samoyed, Turkic, Sino-Tibetan groups. There are also Kereks (several people), Vod people (64), Enets (277), Ults (300), Chulyms (350), Aluets (500), Negidals (500), Orochs (60). All these small ethnic groups are puzzled by the problem of survival.
Map of the peoples of Russia - resettlement on the territory of the Russian Federation
The population of the state is distributed heterogeneously. The number of nationalities living in the Russian Federation, and how they are located throughout the state, is clearly visible on the map below.
Map of the peoples of Russia (click to enlarge)
Most live in the capital, St. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk, Novorossiysk and Primorsky regions, the central part of the country.
Russians, Tatars and Ukrainians live in the southwest of the country. Many representatives from Ukraine are in the Chukotka and Khanty-Mansiysk regions, in Magadan.
The rest of the Slavs are settled heterogeneously. But a significant number of Poles live only in the Omsk region. There are many Belarusians in the capital, St. Petersburg, Kaliningrad, Karelia, Khanty-Mansiysk. The Asian part is also home to many diasporas.
Language families and groups
The largest language family living in the Russian Federation is Indo-European. It is represented mainly by Slavic languages. They appeared long before our era.
Also in the Russian Federation there are people who speak the Indo-Aryan language, which belongs to the European family. These groups have similarities. Indo-Iranian features are present in the Finno-Ugric speech, because the latter have lived next to the Indo-Iranians for thousands of years.
The Altaic language family is in 2nd place in terms of the number of speakers after the Indo-European. The Proto-Altaic language includes Tungus-Manchu, Turkic, Mongolian, Japanese and Korean. In the Russian Federation, you can often hear speakers of the Bashkir, Tatar, Yakut, Chuvash, Khakass languages.
The Tungus-Manchurian group consists of Evenk, Even, Negidl languages. They are rapidly disappearing.
The Uralic languages consist of three broad categories: Finnish, Ugric, and Samoyedic.
The Samoyed represents the pra-Turkic and pra-Yenisei contacts. The Samoyedic languages are disappearing, they are almost non-existent.
Finnish is spoken by Karelians, Izhors, Vepsians, Komi, Vods, Maris, Mordovians, Udmurts, Sami. People from Hungary mostly speak Ugric.
The North Caucasian language family united 2 categories: Abkhaz-Adyghe and Nakh-Dagestan. The Hattian language belongs to one of them, the Hurrian-Urartian languages to the second. They contain over 40 languages. They are spoken in Chechnya, Dagestan, western Asia and northern Africa.
Our country is a multinational state. This information is fixed in the Constitution. Of course, Russians predominate, but, in addition to them, more than 180 nationalities live here, which have equal rights and obligations.
Russia is a multinational state. How many peoples live in Russia? Which of them are the most numerous? How are they distributed throughout the country? We will learn about this further.
How many peoples live in Russia?
Russia covers a huge territory, stretching from of Eastern Europe to Its area is 17,125,191 square kilometers, by which the country ranks first in the world.
In terms of population, Russia is in ninth position, it is 146.6 million people. How many peoples live in Russia? It is difficult to give an exact figure, but there are approximately 190 of them, including the autochthonous population and small indigenous peoples.
The main source of data on the population of Russia is the 2010 census. The nationality of the citizens of the country is not indicated in the passports, so the data for the census was obtained based on the self-determination of the inhabitants.
Slightly more than 80% of the inhabitants indicated themselves as Russians, 19.1% accounted for other nationalities. Approximately five and a half million people did not indicate nationality. Based on these data, the total number of peoples of Russia who do not consider themselves Russians amounted to 26.2 million people.
Ethnic composition
Russians are the titular population of the country, they prevail in most subjects of the Russian Federation. They include Pomors, representing the sub-ethnos of Karelians and Russians in the White Sea region. The second largest people are the Tatars, which include the Mishars, Kryashens, Astrakhan and
The largest group of peoples are Slavs, mainly Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles and Bulgarians. They belong to the Indo-European family, which in Russia is also represented by the Romanesque, Greek, Germanic, Baltic, Iranian, Indo-Iranian and Armenian groups.
In total, peoples who belong to nine language families live on the territory of the state. In addition to Indo-European, these include:
- Altai;
- blue-Tibetan;
- Ural-Yukaghir;
- Chukchi-Kamchatka;
- Yenisei;
- Kartvelian;
- Eskimo-Aleutian;
- North Caucasian.
The small peoples of Russia are represented by Kereks (4 people), Vod people (64), Enets (227), Ults (295), Chulyms (355), Aleuts (482), Negidals (513), Orochs (596). These include peoples who belong to the Finno-Ugric, Samoyed, Turkic, Sino-Tibetan groups.
The largest peoples of Russia are presented in the table below.
People | Number in million |
Ukrainians | |
Azerbaijanis |
Map of the peoples of Russia
The country's population is not homogeneously distributed. How many peoples live in Russia and how they are located on its territory, the map below can clearly demonstrate. The vast majority live in the area between St. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk, Novorossiysk and Primorsky Krai, where all the largest cities are located.
The largest Tatars and Ukrainians - mainly inhabit the southwestern part of the country. Ukrainians make up a large proportion of the population in the Chukotka and Khanty-Mansiysk districts, in the Magadan region.
As for the other peoples of the Slavic group, the Poles and Bulgarians do not form large groups and are dispersed. The compact Polish population lives only in the Omsk region. Belarusians in the majority inhabit the region of Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as the Kaliningrad region, Karelia, the Khanty-Mansiysk district.
Tatars
The number of Tatars in Russia is more than 3% of the total population. One third of them live in the Republic of Tatarstan. Focal settlements are also located in the Ulyanovsk region, in the Khanty-Mansiysk district, Bashkortostan, Tyumen, Orenburg, Chelyabinsk, Penza regions and in other subjects of the state.
Most Tatars are Sunni Muslims. Miscellaneous groups Tatars have linguistic differences, and also differ from each other in traditions and way of life. Their language belongs to the Turkic languages \u200b\u200bof the Altai family, it has three dialects: Mishar (western), Kazan (middle), Siberian-Tatar (eastern). In the Republic of Tatarstan, Tatar is the official language.
The ethnonym "Tatars" appeared in the VI century among the Turkic tribes who called themselves that. After the conquest by the Golden Horde in the XIII century. the name is spreading and already denotes the Mongols and the tribes conquered by them. Later, the term was used in relation to nomads of Mongolian origin. Having settled in the Volga region, these tribes called themselves Meselmans, Mishers, Bolgrams, Kazanls, etc., until they consolidated under the definition of “Tatars” in the 19th century.
Ukrainians
One of the East Slavic peoples - Ukrainians, lives mainly on the territory of the state of Ukraine, where its population is about 41 million people. Large Ukrainian diasporas are located in Russia, the USA, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Germany and other countries.
Including labor immigrants, approximately 5 million Ukrainians live in Russia. Most live in cities. Large centers of settlement of this ethnic group are located in Moscow and the Moscow region, the Tyumen, Rostov, Omsk regions, in the Primorsky and Krasnodar territories, the Yamalo-Nenets district, etc.
The history of the peoples of Russia is not the same. Large-scale settlement Russian territories Ukrainians began during the existence of the empire. In the XVI-XVII centuries, according to the royal decree, Cossacks, gunners, archers from Ukraine and the Don were sent to Siberia and the Far East for land development. Later, peasants, and townspeople, and representatives of the Cossack elders were exiled to them.
The intelligentsia voluntarily moved to St. Petersburg at a time when the city was the capital Russian Empire. At present, Ukrainians represent the largest ethnic group in it after Russians.
Bashkirs
The fourth largest people in Russia are the Bashkirs. The overwhelming majority lives in the Republic of Bashkortostan. They also inhabit the Tyumen, Kurgan, Orenburg regions. The Bashkir language belongs to the Altaic family and is divided into southern and eastern dialects and several dialects.
According to anthropological features, the people belong to the Subural and South Siberian (among the Eastern Bashkirs) racial types. They represent Caucasians with a share of Mongoloidity. By religion they are Sunni Muslims.
The origin is connected with the tribes of the Pechenegs (South Ural Bashkirs - Burzyans, Usergans), as well as the Polovtsians (Kipchaks, Kanly) and the Volga Bulgars (Bulyars). Their ancestors inhabited the region of the Urals, the Volga and the Urals. The Mongols and Tungus-Manchus had an influence on the formation of the people.
indigenous peoples
The indigenous population of the country includes 48 peoples. They make up approximately 0.3% of the total population of the country. Approximately 12 of them are small and number less than a thousand people.
The small peoples of Russia mainly inhabit the northern regions of the state, the Far East and Siberia. They often lead a traditional economy, engaged in reindeer herding, fishing, hunting and cattle breeding.
The largest indigenous people are the Nenets, they number almost 45 thousand people. They occupy the coastal zones of the Arctic Ocean and are divided into European and Asian. The people breed deer and live in tents - cone-shaped huts covered with birch bark and felt.
The Kereks are the smallest and are represented by only four people according to the census. Half a century ago there were about 100 of them. The main languages for them are Chukchi and Russian, their native Kerek remained as a traditional passive language. In terms of their way of life and culture, they are similar to the Chukchi people, therefore they were subjected to assimilation with them.
Conclusion
Russia stretched for many kilometers from west to east, affecting both the European and Asian parts of the continent. More than 190 peoples live on its vast territory. Russians are the most numerous and represent the titular nation of the country.
Other large peoples are Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkirs, Chuvashs, Avars, etc. Small indigenous peoples live in the state. Most of them number no more than a few thousand. The smallest are Kereks, Enets, Ults, Aleuts, they inhabit mainly the region of Siberia and the Far East.
Russia is a multinational state, in which there are more than 100 nationalities and nationalities. The main part is Russian 82% of the country's population. Of the 89 regions of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 80 Russians make up the majority of the population. Tatars (3.7%) are in second place on the basis of nationality, followed by Ukrainians (3%), Chuvashs (1.2%). The share of each of the other nationalities does not exceed 1%.
The north and northwest of the European territory of the country are inhabited by peoples of the Finno-Ugric language group: Komi-Permyaks, Karelians, Sami. In the Volga region, the Urals, the Kama region and Siberia, along with the Russians, a number of peoples and nationalities live, who received their autonomy after the October Revolution of 1917, for example, the Udmurts, Mordovians, Maris belonging to the Finno-Ugric group and the Tatars, Bashkirs speaking the languages of the Turkic group, Chuvash and Kumyk. One of the most multinational regions of Russia is the North Caucasus, which is inhabited by the peoples of the Nakh-Dagestan language group: Chechens, Ingush, Avars, Lezgins, Balkars, Laks, Dargins and Abkhaz-Adyghe Kabardians, Adyghes, Circassians. The small peoples of the North are represented by the Samoyed group. It includes the Nenets, Nganasans and Selkups. The peoples of the Finno-Ugric group Khanty and Mansi live in the central part of Western Siberia. The Evenks, Evens, Nanais and Udeges inhabiting the territory of Eastern Siberia and the Far East make up the Tungus-Manchurian group. The Chukchi, Koryaks, Yukaghirs, Nivkhs belong to the poly-Asiatic peoples, and the Eskimos and Aleuts belong to a special family with Americanoid features. The Mongolian group includes Buryats living in the south of Eastern Siberia. This group also includes the Kalmyks, who inhabit the southwestern part of the Volga region.
The dispersed distribution of many peoples, their intensive contacts with each other and especially with the Russians contributed to the progress of assimilation. So, among the Finno-Ugric peoples, the ethnic territory of the Mordovians is the most dispersed: only 1/3 of it lives on the territory of Mordovia. Among the entire population of Mordovia, the Mordovians make up only about 1/3, the rest of the population is mostly Russians, a few Tatars and Chuvashs.
The specificity of the current stage in the formation of national relations lies in the fact that the trends that contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union have also spread to Russia. The separatism of the formed sovereign republics manifested itself in the desire for the isolation of individual republics and regions.
These objective reasons for the persistent tension in the Caucasus are exacerbated by the absence of a clearly formulated national policy in the region. The conflict situation in the region is developing between the Cossacks and the nationalities on whose territory they live, which gives rise to the problem of refugees in Krasnodar, Stavropol Territory and Rostov region and as a consequence - the growth of social tension, unemployment and other negative phenomena.
The problem of the small peoples of the North is also complicated, the number of which in the European part of Russia reaches 9.7 thousand people. Many measures for the socio-economic development of these peoples have not been fully implemented. A tense situation has developed in providing employment for the population, which is a consequence of the undeveloped social infrastructure, acute housing issue, the weak development of crafts and industries for the processing of reindeer products, for the manufacture of consumer goods. In areas inhabited by small peoples, the ecological situation, the state of hunting and fishing have deteriorated, and the area of reindeer pastures has decreased.
One of the tasks of the state is to resolve these conflicts.
RF population density
Population density- the degree of population of a particular territory, the number of permanent population per unit area. It is formed in the process of historical development under the influence of the level of socio-economic development of society and the natural and geographical environment. The population of the territory is formed in the process of economic development and acts not only as one of the factors contributing to the location of production in a given region, but is also a consequence of the economic development of the country.
The average population density of the Russian Federation is 8.6 people. for 1 km. The population is also very unevenly distributed within each part of the country's territory. 78.4% of the population of the Russian Federation is concentrated in the territory of the European part and the Urals, which occupies 25.4% total area Russia. The population density here is 36.7 people. per 1 km, more than 4 times higher than the average population in Russia. At the same time, 2 1.6% of the country's population lives in Siberia and the Far East in an area that makes up 74.6% of the entire territory of Russia. The average population density is 3.4 times lower than the average for the Russian Federation and is 2.5 people. for 1 km.
Weak development of the territory of the European North, Siberia and the Far East is associated with natural and geographical factors: severe natural and climatic conditions and orographic difficulties, as well as underdeveloped infrastructure.
Significant differences in population density are also observed within the federal districts. At the level of regions, the Central federal district. The population density here is 61.3 people. for 1 km. Within the region, a special place is occupied by Moscow and the Moscow region with the maximum population for Russia - 320.8 people. for 1 km. High population density is noted in the North Caucasus (average density is 49.6 people per 1 km) and in Central Chernozem(46.9 people per 1 km).
The maximum population density for the Urals is observed in the Chelyabinsk region 41.8 people. for 1 km. The reason for this is the high concentration industrial production. And the smallest population is typical for the Kurgan region - 15.6 people. per km as a result of insufficient development of industrial production and agriculture.
The North has the lowest population density of 4.0 people. per 1 km, which is explained by the harsh natural and climatic conditions of the region and the insufficient development of industrial production.
The Far East is home to 5% of the country's population with an average population that is more than 7 times lower than in the Russian Federation (1.2 people per 1 km).
The extreme uneven distribution of the population of Siberia and the Far East is explained by the significant remoteness from the developed regions of the country, limited development opportunities highways etc.
Human (labor) resources of the world economy- part of the population possessing the physical, mental abilities necessary for economic activity. In Russia, the labor force includes people of working age (women - from 15 to 54 years old, men - from 15 to 59 years old inclusive) and working people retirement age but do not include persons with disabilities.
The working-age population consists of: employed, job seekers, students engaged only in household chores, military personnel military service. The economically active population is the part of the working-age population, which includes working and job seekers + working pensioners.
Maximum value labor potential is typical for the Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansiysk districts, Moscow, the northern group of regions of the Far East region. It is here that the highest earnings, the maximum activity of the service sector and small businesses. Those cadres who want and are able to easily adapt to new conditions live here.
The regions with a large number of children in the structure of the population (North Caucasus, southern Siberia) have the minimum potential for labor activity. High conservatism social structure in the North Caucasus does not provide the active population with sufficient use of places of permanent residence. Therefore, they are forced to look for an application for their activity in other regions of Russia, returning, however, to their historical homeland after self-realization.
Labor resources are employed in various sectors and industries National economy. The structure of employment of the population in the context of sectors of the economy for last years suggests that a number of complex processes are taking place in Russia.
1. The share of people employed in non-material production sectors increases from 29.4% to 31.3%.
2. The share of the employed population is decreasing in industry (from 29.6 to 25.7%), construction (from 11 to 9.7%), science and scientific services (from 3.2 to 2.5%).
3. The proportion of the employed population is increasing in trade, public catering, logistics, marketing and procurement (from 7.9 to 9.7%), lending, finance and insurance (from 0.7 to 1.3%), control apparatus (from 2.1 to 2.5%).
The change in the structure of employment by sectors of the national economy and areas of application of labor indicates the development market structures in economics. However, there is a reduction in the number of people employed in science and scientific services.
The labor market is the sphere of formation of supply and demand for labor. It is considered as a system of social relations that ensure the reproduction, exchange and use of labor resources.
One of the most common factors influencing labor indicators in Russia is that it is formed in conditions of economic crisis, the consequence of which is not only a reduction in demand for labor, the emergence of unemployment, but also a violation of the previously existing system of motivations for effective work, the acquisition of professions, and the growth of the qualification level.
to regions with high level unemployment include the Ivanovo, Pskov, Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Kostroma and Arkhangelsk regions, the Ingush and Udmurt republics, the Republic of Kalmykia, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, i.e. those regions in which a significant role in economic development machine building, light industry, enterprises of the military-industrial complex play.
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