Strip foundation of the barn. Do-it-yourself foundation for a barn

Anyone who at least once directly dealt with construction issues, delved into all the details, knows perfectly well that the stage of building the foundation of any structure is the most costly. But that's not all. In some situations, it is either impossible, or undesirable, or unjustified from an economic point of view to mount a foundation.

For example, on a small garden plot where there is a high risk of damage to part of the root system of vegetation and it is difficult to carry out earthworks, given the density of plantings. In such cases, the best option is to build a temporary light type building directly on the ground. Let's figure out how to make a shed from boards in a country house or house adjoining territory without a foundation with your own hands.

On many thematic sites, in addition to the advantages of this engineering solution(high construction speed, cost reduction) there are also significant disadvantages - the fragility of the structure and the low level of thermal insulation.

The author himself is a summer resident with great experience, and categorically disagrees with this. The reasoning is quite understandable. Firstly, if the installation is done correctly, then the barn will stand for many years. Secondly, the quality of insulation is also a moot point, since such buildings are mainly intended for storing household / inventory and scrap materials, therefore, the microclimate inside them does not play a special role.

Yes, and making a backfill under the bottom of the barn, for example, from expanded clay, is not difficult. Well, it’s not difficult to determine how and with what exactly to additionally sheathe the house from the inside in order to raise the temperature.

How to make a barn is probably not the most important thing that interests the reader. Moreover, the building material has already been determined - a board. But “without a foundation” and “with your own hands” is somewhat unusual, although quite simple. This is what the author will focus on, relying on personal experience construction of such a structure.

All sites are different, and that says it all. But there are still some things to take into account.

The segment of the territory where the plank shed is supposed to be made should not be in the risk zone of flooding. Since it is without a foundation, excessive soil moisture will lead to the rapid destruction of the building. Therefore, for construction, it is necessary to select (if possible) the highest "patch" on the site.
It is desirable that the barn be under the sun for most of the day. In this case, there is a guarantee that even if water accumulates near it, it will quickly evaporate, and the earth will dry out well. And the ingress of moisture is inevitable, especially if irrigation is done not on the ground, but by sprinkling. By the way, many summer residents practice just such a technique, fortunately, there are many inexpensive plastic “turntables” on sale.
When choosing a place, you should also consider the perspective. Summer residents who not only know what crop rotation is, but also practice this growing technology, understand what it is about. When changing the order of planting garden crops, redevelopment of the site, the barn should not be an obstacle to the gardener.

How to make a barn base

Still, any building, including a barn, by definition should have it. There are two simple options for the reader to choose from. High installation speed and minimum costs for the barn are guaranteed.

Option number 1

An often mentioned way of building a barn is on pallets. It is unlikely that such a technology deserves attention, given that such a base (made of wood) will quickly rot. With the expectation of 1 - 2 years - a good option, but it is more suitable for temporary buildings that are installed at sites, for example, builders and installers. For the private sector - not the best solution.

Option number 2

On supports. Someone will object that this is already a columnar foundation. This is not entirely true - there is a similarity, but small. The fundamental difference is in the depth of installation of the supports. For a small-sized plank shed, they dig in 50 ± 10 cm. This is quite enough for the base to withstand a not so significant load.

After installing the posts, they are aligned on all planes, securely fixed in place, after which they are tied. The support frame is the foundation on which the shed will be built. It turns out that neither earthworks on the site (except for digging 4 - 6 holes), you will not have to deal with the preparation of a concrete solution in large volumes. In fact, the barn is made without a foundation.

The advantage of such a solution is not only the speed of construction of the foundation and the minimum cost of materials. Since a beam, that is, a tree, is used for strapping, it will not be difficult to install frame racks on it with your own hands. Yes, and the barn can be slightly raised above the ground, even level the structure if the site goes downhill.

Calculator for calculating the amount and volume of lumber

What to consider when building

It is expedient to start work directly when all the preparatory measures have been taken. Since the supports (you can use fragments of timber or logs) will be in the ground, you should choose a method for processing them to protect them from decay. The concept of "do it yourself" often implies that the owner manages with improvised, rather than purchased materials and means.

The author recommends a thorough (at least 2 times) impregnation with engine oil waste. Additionally, it is desirable to coat all faces of the blanks used as columns (except for the upper cut) with tar (naturally, molten). Virtually no financial investments, and the durability of the base is ensured.

On the site of the author, a barn built using this technology has been standing for the 12th year. And there is not even indirect evidence that it is necessary to make repairs. By the way, the timber used for strapping should also be impregnated with mining.

The procedure for installing the base of the barn

Nothing complicated for those who are familiar with the technology of building foundations.

Marking the area under the barn.
Digging holes. It is necessary to try so that they are only slightly larger in diameter than the cross section of the support.
Bottom seal. It is advisable to load a little clay (but always oily) into each hole, after which this layer should also be compacted. It will protect the hole from the penetration of liquid into it from below. Considering that the tree for the supports is smeared with tar, this is enough. Specificity this method the construction of a barn excludes the possibility of using other insulating materials (film, roofing felt), since they cannot be properly laid (and straightened) in small pits.
Next - a layer of river sand or ASG.
Installation of supports and alignment of each vertically and horizontally.
Loading small gravel, brick battle and the like into the holes, compacting this mass.
Filling holes with cement mortar. It must be made sufficiently liquid in consistency so that it penetrates as deeply as possible.

Drawing of a barn from boards without a foundation

After the artificial stone obtained in this way has hardened, it is possible to tie the posts under the shed, that is, mount the support frame.

This technology is more suitable for areas that are uneven. Or if for some reason the barn needs to be raised above the ground higher.

Option number 3

On the "sleepers". If the place allotted for the barn is fairly flat, then this is the most convenient way quick construction of a barn. It is used (a log is not suitable in this case), which is laid horizontally. In order to make a small barn, 2 blanks are enough, arranged in parallel. Under a larger structure (in width), it is advisable to mount a third one, the place for which is chosen in the center.

Timber processing is carried out only by impregnation. Since the products laid on the ground are at the same time the base on which the frame of the shed will be erected, it is not necessary to coat the tree with tar.

The tracing of the territory consists in marking the outline of the barn along the perimeter and determining the places where it is necessary to dig shallow (10 cm is enough) trenches. A beam will be laid in them.
Preparation is identical to the method described above - soil compaction, clay, and so on.
The bottom of each mini-trench is laid out with a polyethylene film, since the wood was not protected with tar. It is pointless to use such a material for waterproofing, popular among summer residents, as roofing material. In about 3 years, it will rot, and the fungus will begin to destroy the wood.
After laying the timber, it should be fixed in order to exclude horizontal displacements. There are two ways. Lighter - to drive on the sides of the products, at the end parts, pieces of reinforcement. If a massive beam is selected, and the barn is large in size, then in each blank, along the center line, 2 - 3 (depending on the length) through holes are drilled. Pins are also driven into them.
The final stage is the fastening of the beam. All blanks are connected with brackets, metal plates, corners. Everything - the strength and immobility of the base is provided.

By the way, it is not necessary to dig trenches. You need to focus on your capabilities and local conditions. It is enough to fill the site with fine gravel, compact this layer well, and lay the support beam on it.

There are a number of other methods for building a barn without a foundation. What they have in common is the presence of a support frame. The difference is in the columns on which it is installed.

There are also several options - concrete goods, metal supports with plates, bricks and so on. The author did not consider other technologies for only one reason - the complexity of the connections. The support frame is made of wood, the posts are made of other materials. You can articulate with your own hands, but why complicate your life by looking for a puncher, concrete drills, large metal drills or something else.

How to build a barn

At this stage of the work, no detailed explanations are required. Technology frame construction has long been known and described in detail on many sites, in all details. In principle, the author has nothing to add. The photographs clearly explain everything.

Frame installation

For a light shed, a beam with a side of 10 or even 5 cm is enough (depending on the dimensions). For example, do this.

Installation of trusses (front and rear)

If the front struts are made higher, then you can do without them. In this case, the roof will turn out to be shed. It's easier to build.

Sheathing the frame with a board

With your own hands - nothing complicated.

It is only necessary to take into account that nails often go sideways, and besides, they can split a tree. It is better to fix all elements with self-tapping screws or screws, with preliminary drilling of channels.

How to cover the roof, upholster the barn from the outside and from the inside, the reader will determine for himself. You can do so.

If you show imagination, then the originally designed barn will become a real decoration. suburban area.

The type of base for the barn is chosen depending on the material from which the walls will be built. The foundation for a brick shed must withstand greater loads than for a wooden structure. It is recommended to determine the purpose of the outbuilding, as well as the type of foundation, before construction begins. In this case, it is important to take into account the characteristics of the soil.

For a barn, you can use the following types of foundations.

Columnar. The advantage of such a foundation in saving building material and construction speed. Suitable for light frame-panel structures.
Screw. Such a foundation is indispensable for building on heaving, swampy soils and on the sand. Work on the device of such a foundation can be carried out at any time of the year.
Slab. Also used on marshy or loose soils.
Tape: ideal foundation for a brick shed, stone or concrete block structure.
The foundation for a shed made of blocks. Combines some advantages of the bases of other types. For construction, it is necessary to use lifting equipment.

Choosing the type of foundation depending on the characteristics of the soil

Soil analysis should be ordered from an organization specializing in services in the field of geology, geodesy and cartography. Depending on the type of soil in the area of the planned construction, certain problems may arise.

Loose, sandy soil. After melting snow or heavy rainfall, saturated with moisture, it can “float”. For construction on such soil, a slab, screw or monolithic strip base is recommended.
Clay soils and sandy loam: such soil is prone to deep freezing and the formation of quicksand. In this case, screw piles should be used.
The gravel soil does not freeze to a great depth and does not form quicksand. On such soil, you can build a barn on column foundation.
Rocky soil: it is possible to erect any (except screw) foundation on it.

Screw foundation device

A screw foundation for a barn can be built in one day. You will need piles with a diameter of 80-90 mm in the right amount and one assistant. The procedure during construction is as follows.

Marking is carried out along the perimeter of the walls for screw piles.
At a distance of 1.5-2.0 m from each other, shallow holes are dug into which piles are installed. It's in without fail performed in the corners, and in the presence of internal partitions - along the line of their construction. In addition, if a plank floor is to be installed, the piles must be under the beams.
Large piles (diameter over 100 mm, length over 150 mm) are screwed in using special equipment. Smaller piles are screwed into the ground manually, using levers. In this case, it is necessary to control their strictly vertical position according to temporarily attached spirit levels.
Piles screwed into the ground are cut in height, for which a water level is used.
Fill pipes with concrete.
Heads are welded to the top of the piles. The foundation is combined into a single structure using a channel welded around the perimeter or an I-beam.

Important: screw pile blades must match the type of soil. For loose sandy soils - wide, for dense soil - narrow.

The video shows how screw piles are mounted in winter

Pillar foundation for a shed

The construction of a columnar foundation for an outbuilding can be done using:

concrete mortar poured into the formwork;
metal or asbestos-cement pipes reinforced and filled with concrete;
brickwork (red ceramic brick is used);
buta;
concrete blocks.

The general construction rules are as follows.

Digging holes for poles required depth in accordance with the previous markup.
The distance between the supports should be within 1.5-2.0 m.
The depth of the foundation for the barn should be at least 150 mm below the freezing level of the soil.
A layer of coarse gravel (about 100 mm) and the same layer of sand are poured at the bottom of the pits. Both bedding materials are compacted, two layers of roofing material are laid on top.
The supports should be installed at the same level and rise above the ground by 150-200 mm.
Two layers of waterproofing material are also laid on top of the supports.
A blind area should be arranged around the pillars: this will prevent soil from washing out.

Important: the construction of the barn should be continued immediately after the construction of the foundation. Otherwise, spring heaving of the soil can partially displace the pillars.

A wooden foundation for a barn can be used as a base for a temporary building. To do this, it is necessary to prepare the required number of bars or logs from hardwood. Piles are fired to a state of charring or treated with an antiseptic.

It is recommended to wrap each support with plastic wrap or roofing material before installation: this will protect the wood from moisture and prevent the pillars from being forced out during spring heaving of the soil. For greater reliability, it is recommended to fill the hole around the support with concrete.

For a barn, you can use a combined type of foundation - columnar with a grillage. The technology of its creation provides for the pouring of a shallow strip foundation (0.7-0.8 m) with recesses for supports located at the corners and every 2.0 m.

Strip foundation for a shed

This foundation is the most popular for several reasons:

its construction is comparatively cheap;
able to withstand significant loads;
is universal: on such a foundation it is possible to build a barn from any material.

step by step strip foundation under the barn with their own hands is constructed as follows.

The site is being prepared (the turf is removed, the site is leveled) and marking is carried out. With the help of stakes and a nylon cord, they limit the perimeter of the future foundation.
A trench is dug along the perimeter of the barn, the depth of which should be 200-300 mm below the freezing level of the soil in the area.
The width of the trench depends on the width of the base: it is necessary to leave space for the installation of formwork (100-150 mm on each side).
A crushed stone pillow (about 100 mm) is arranged, which should be carefully tamped.
Sand (50-100 mm) is poured at the bottom of the trench, which is also compacted.
Formwork is knocked down from boards or sheets of plywood, the upper edge of which should be 200-300 mm higher relative to the ground level.
The formwork is reinforced with struts, the upper edge is knocked down with transverse bars every 1.5-2.0 m.
It is recommended to lay roofing material or thick (at least 50 microns) polyethylene on the inner walls of the formwork.
Reinforcement is performed with steel bars with a diameter of 8-12 mm. Reinforcement elements are stacked and connected in such a way that a three-dimensional mesh with cells of 40-50 mm is formed.
Concrete is being poured. To expel air bubbles, the concrete must be repeatedly pierced with a reinforcement bar around the entire perimeter of the pour.
Curing concrete should be covered with plastic wrap and moistened periodically. This will prevent it from cracking due to uneven hardening.
After 28 days, after the concrete has completely hardened, the formwork can be dismantled and the trench backfilled with soil.
Two layers of waterproofing material are laid on top of the concrete pour.

How to make a foundation for a barn out of blocks

The foundation of concrete blocks in terms of its strength characteristics is in no way inferior strip base. The construction process consists of several stages.

The site is being prepared, marking is being carried out, a trench of the required depth is being pulled out. The bottom should be leveled horizontally and rammed.
Bedding is made of sand and gravel.
With the help of lifting equipment, the blocks are installed in the trench. Apply to the sides cement-sand mortar.
Each subsequent row of blocks is stacked with an offset of half the length relative to the previous one. A cement-sand mortar is applied between the rows. At least one row of blocks must be laid above the ground.
Bituminous mastic is applied to the side and upper sides with the help of a rag from a rag.
The trench is backfilled with soil.

How to fill the foundation under the barn: the technology of building a monolithic foundation

A monolithic or slab base is the most reliable. You can build on such a foundation on any type of soil. The construction of such a foundation is a costly undertaking, but if it is planned to build a massive outbuilding in difficult conditions, the costs will be justified.

The technology for constructing a slab base involves a certain sequence of actions.

The construction area is cleared of debris, bushes and trees.
A hole 0.5 m deep is dug under the entire area of filling. At the bottom, after tamping, a layer of sand 200 mm thick is poured. The sand is moistened and carefully compacted.
A 200 mm layer of crushed stone is laid on top of the sand, which is also rammed.
Floor slabs are laid on a pillow of sand and gravel or prepared for pouring. For this, a formwork is constructed, reinforcement is performed: the lattice cell should be 20 × 20 mm in size. The formwork is poured with concrete.
Air from the solution must be expelled using a vibropress.
The uncured solution is covered with plastic wrap.
The formwork can be dismantled after 28 days (during this time the solution will harden, the concrete will gain strength).

Important: the plate should rise above the soil surface by 100-150 mm.

Requirements for the quality of concrete solution

In order to concrete foundation withstand all loads, it is necessary to pay due attention to the quality of all components of the solution. The following rules must be observed.

It is recommended to purchase cement with a fresh date of manufacture. For cooking, you can use Portland cement M400.
In order to save cement, crushed stone of different fractions should be purchased: it will be better, denser to fit in the solution.
It is important that the rubble is clean, without debris.
Purified water should be used, as impurities make the solution weaker.
The sand must not contain clay inclusions.
When preparing the solution, the proportions of the components should be observed: 5 parts of crushed stone are mixed with 3 parts of sand, and then 1 part of cement. After stirring, water is added in such an amount that the consistency of the resulting mass is creamy.

At the end of the story about how to build a foundation for a barn, a video with expert comments. This information will help you avoid mistakes.

The decision to build a new barn is accompanied by a desire to save on material costs. A significant part of the estimate in any construction budget is the construction of the foundation. Therefore, it is important to choose the most practical way to install the supporting structure. A monolithic slab and MZLF are characterized by high costs, it is much more profitable to consider the option of a pile or column foundation. Studying the features of the demanded basis and step by step process arrangement will help with your own hands to make a solid columnar foundation for a barn.

Features of the arrangement of the supporting structure under the barn

Before dwelling on a specific version of the support structure, it is necessary to study the factors that affect it during operation. The popular solution to use concrete blocks under the barn is not always acceptable. Problem situations that may arise are as follows:

Clay soil is subject to heaving forces, therefore it can overwhelm the columnar support on its side or squeeze it out from below, acting on the sole.
The low weight of the shed does not cope with heaving forces, and in this case it is a disadvantage.
Spring floods or heavy rains provoke the destruction of the reinforcement inside the concrete blocks or lead to cracking of the material during subsequent freezing.

Therefore, when choosing the type of foundation for a barn, they are guided by indicators:

groundwater level;
freezing depth;
soil structures;
relief features.

Inviting a specialist for geological research when planning the construction of a barn is not economically efficient. It is risky to take the neighbor's foundation as a model - the occurrence of the layers is uneven. It is optimal to independently study the nature of the soil by screwing in a screw pile. This method will give an effective answer to the points of interest.

Comment! The bearing layer must be below the freezing line of the soil in order to exclude the effect of heaving forces on the foundation.

Column foundation options

The result of independent geological exploration will be the determination of the type of soil and the appropriate method of erecting a columnar foundation under the barn:

Rocky soil or coarse sand is the optimal condition for the use of bricks or concrete blocks, which are deepened by 1-2 rows.
The detection of sandy loam will require additional clearance under the sole of the columnar foundation of the insulation. The second way to make a reliable support structure for the barn is to use fixed formwork into which concrete piles are poured. Asbestos or plastic pipes, roofing material are suitable for it.
On difficult terrain or wet soil with a high GWL, clay or loam, it is preferable to use screw piles that do not need drilling, insulation and waterproofing.

All variants of the columnar foundation at the final stage are made out with a grillage - a girdle structure designed to evenly distribute the mass of the superstructure onto the supports. Due to the high cost of a belt belt barn, the grillage function is usually performed by wooden beams or a metal profile. In this case, it will not work to fill the floor on the ground, so they resort to overlapping along the beams.

Attention! This method of arranging a columnar foundation is unsuitable for a barn where livestock is planned. Regular cleaning process and intensive use will require frequent repairs. It is better to put a poultry house or a calf house on a monolithic belt.

Preparatory work

The process of erecting a columnar foundation intended for a barn follows a simplified scheme. But without preparatory work still not enough here. First, draw a project on paper, this will help determine the material consumption. The installation of the supports is planned in such a way that they are at each corner of the barn. The gap between the posts is from one and a half to two meters. Therefore, in addition to the perimeter, the elements of the columnar foundation are located inside the outlines of the barn.

The rules for the arrangement of columnar foundations involve the removal of the top layer of soil. Then proceed to markup according to the existing project. The work is carried out with the help of pegs and threads stretched between them. Be sure to monitor the evenness of the corners of the future barn. Make sure correct markup additionally stretched diagonal lines will help, which should turn out to be the same. After that, they indicate the points where a well or other recess for a columnar foundation for a barn will be prepared.

The use of poles from pipes

The columnar foundation is distinguished by a variety of forms. As a fixed formwork here you can use:

roofing felt sheets wrapped around a reinforcing frame;
asbestos pipes;
metal supports;
PVC products intended for sewerage equipment.

The choice is determined by the desire and capabilities of the developer. In addition to pipes, concrete blocks and bricks are well-deserved popularity. Wells are prepared with a gasoline or hand drill. The approximate depth is 1.5-2.0 m.

Asbestos supports

To achieve the desired strength, the barn pipe column needs to be reinforced. The height of the asbestos support is determined by the level of soil freezing and must exceed it. It is better to choose a diameter of 200 mm. The process of installing a columnar foundation based on asbestos-cement pipes goes in two ways.

The option of strengthening with reinforcing rods is as follows:

The support is lowered into the prepared well. Inside it are metal rods with a gap of about 7 cm between them.
The length of the rods exceeds the size of the columnar foundation by 50 cm. They protrude beyond the edges of the pore from above and below by about 25 cm.
The rods buried in the ground securely fix the base of the columnar foundation for the barn. The metal elements protruding beyond the edges of the pipes at the top are designed to be fastened to the grillage.
After installing the reinforcement, the pipe is poured with concrete and allowed to settle for a week.

You can securely fix the columnar foundation intended for the barn in another way:

After immersion in the well and installation of reinforcing bars, the asbestos pipe is filled with cement mortar by a third.
The support is raised by 12-14 cm to allow the concrete mixture to spread. The resulting base is called the sole, the purpose of which is to enhance the stability of the columnar foundation.
Next, the pipe is filled with mortar to the top, while the rods do not protrude beyond the edges.
The use of a vibrator or ordinary piercing with metal rods will help to compact the concrete mixture.
A stud is installed on top, designed to be connected to the grillage of the columnar foundation.

Important! key point is to achieve the same level of all supports under the barn.

Depending on the planned period of operation of the barn, metal rods can be treated with anti-corrosion compounds to extend their service life in a columnar foundation.

Metal constructions

Using metal pipes for a barn as a columnar foundation is an expensive undertaking. But if it is planned to build a relatively capital structure for a long period, the option deserves attention.

A columnar structure can be designed not only with pipes with a diameter of 200 mm, but also with thinner supports, which are installed in one place, 3 pieces at a time. In this case, the grillage is made exclusively from a steel profile welded to the posts.

The standard process of forming a columnar foundation for a barn consists of the following steps:

At the bottom of the well, a sand and gravel drainage pad is prepared.
After that, the metal support goes down. It is important to achieve a tight fit of the pipes to the walls of the well.
The columnar foundation is filled with a cement mixture.

A light shed does not need additional reinforcement of metal structures, but pre-applying protection with anti-corrosion compounds will help extend their service life. Five days after pouring, they proceed to the arrangement of the grillage of the columnar foundation for the barn.

PVC pipes

The preparatory stage for arranging a columnar structure for a barn based on plastic pipes is similar to the process with asbestos supports. Prior to installation of PVC products in the well, a sand and gravel cushion is formed at the bottom, which acts as a drainage layer. Roofing material or polyethylene is placed on top as waterproofing.

The well is filled with cement mortar, which is allowed to dry for an hour. Then insert the PVC pipe, pushing it in until it stops. By analogy with the asbestos columnar foundation, metal rods are placed inside, protruding 20 cm from above. After the concrete mixture has hardened, they begin to arrange the grillage for the barn.

Installation of concrete blocks or bricks

After drawing up a plan for a columnar foundation, the material is purchased in a standard set - sand, crushed stone, cement PC 400 and concrete blocks. In the absence of full-bodied specimens, the voids are independently filled with a cement solution with the addition of crushed stone. The design of the columnar structure for the barn begins with the marking of the site. It is carried out with the help of pegs and thread. First, the perimeter of the barn is marked, then parallel lines are pulled to install the indoor units.

The depth of the pit varies depending on the characteristics of the soil and the chosen method of arrangement.

Comment! Clay soils are forced to take care of the construction of the drainage layer and insulation under the sole of the columnar foundation. Otherwise, pits are dug below the freezing level. Non-rocky soil eliminates the additional cost of effort and time.

The size of the pit is slightly larger than the size of the blocks or bricks, so that it is possible to adjust them. At the bottom of the prepared recesses, a drainage layer of crushed stone 0.1 m high is made, followed by tamping.

Installation of blocks is carried out according to the level, its height is adjusted with the help of crushed stone, pouring under the bottom or removing the excess. A significant advantage of the foundation based on blocks is the speed of construction. Trouble-free soil allows you to prepare a columnar foundation for a barn in one or two days on your own without the involvement of assistants. If brick is used as pillars, it can be laid in such a way that a cavity is formed inside, which is subsequently filled with concrete mix to increase the strength of the columnar foundation.

A preliminary study of the features of the relief and characteristics of the soil will help you choose the best option for the foundation for the barn.

To the construction of the hozblok, auxiliary premises or, more simply, the barn in the summer cottage begins after most of the finishing works, tools and materials should be cleaned and stored in a more suitable room. Building a hozblok on your own is not a particular problem, with the exception of the foundation, in which case you will have to tinker with your conscience. On how conscientiously the foundation for the barn is made with your own hands, depends on its durability, strength and the cost of repairs and alterations.

Which foundation scheme for the barn to choose

Of course, the design and type of foundation for the barn depends, first of all, on the project of the barn itself, more precisely, on the degree of its “capitality”, the heavier the building, the more and deeper you will have to dig a foundation pit for the foundation for the barn with your own hands. Four building schemes are commonly used:

The classic columnar version of the foundation is used for lightweight structures made of boards, plywood, siding with a simple pitched roof. This is the simplest foundation for a barn in the country;
A pile foundation can be called a universal structure; it can be used for light sheds made of timber or a frame house;
The tape version of the foundation base is used either for a box of blocks and bricks, or for arranging a basement.

Often, a barn is set up without any arrangement of support and binding to the ground. For example, if the site has a heavy rocky soil with a high content of crushed limestone or an exit to the surface of limestone, marl-dolomite "tongues". In this case, it is easier and faster to build a foundation on one sand cushion with your own hands.

Advice! It is enough to make the correct drainage of rain flows and tamp the sandy backfill. On this basis, a barn without a foundation will last longer than on a shallow concrete strip laid on quicksand or loamy soil.

Building a barn without arranging a foundation is faster and without serious costs. But the results of such construction are poorly predictable, especially if the shed needs to be built on virgin lands, where there are no neighbors and there is no way to clarify the composition of the soil.

Is it possible to build a barn without a foundation

The best option without a foundation is suitable for a light panel shed made of OSB, plywood or lining. A lightweight structure weighs only a few hundred kilograms, but in any case, the installation of even such a lightweight structure will require the use of a “plastic” shed structure, which, along with low weight, has good adaptability to the deformation of the upper soil layer. Even though there will be no precipitation, the barn box may lean or simply rot due to the accumulation of moisture under the floor.

Therefore, for the construction of a barn without a foundation foundation, several conditions must be met:

The low level of groundwater and high water at this particular point in the suburban area. To do this, you will need to make good drainage or perform a sufficiently powerful sand and gravel backfill;
Good protection of the barn from gusts of wind. The foundation plays the role of an anchor, so most often the building is oriented according to the wind rose and hidden behind the building of a country house;
Ensuring normal ventilation of the underground space, to remove accumulated moisture and condensate.

In addition, for the construction of a barn, it will be necessary to remove the top layer of fertile soil, tamp the soil, treat the base with a herbicide or cover it with a geotextile, lay a film and cover it with a layer of sand.

Even without a foundation, the sandy base under the barn must be carefully tamped and leveled along the horizon. The binding of the base from a bar, even treated with protective mordants, cannot be laid on sand, so the best option would be to install the beams on a curbstone, paving slabs, or, in extreme cases, a lined row of rubble or bricks.

Even a light frame structure without a foundation cannot be left simply standing on a gravel pad or on curb supports. This installation method is used only for open wooden arbors. The barn has three times the windage. For example, for a structure 2.5 m high and 2 m wide, the transverse silhouette area will be almost 5 m 2. With wind gusts up to 15 m/s, the pressure of the wind flow can reach 100 kg/m 2 . Even in the most favorable conditions a barn without a foundation will be subject to a tipping force of up to half a ton. Even if a building without a foundation does not tip over, over time the barn will simply be thrown off the curb supports.

Therefore, the barn box must be sewn to the ground using steel rods, pipes or pieces of reinforcement hammered into the ground.

Do-it-yourself options for making a foundation for a barn

Traditionally, a barn is built either in the form of a light panel or plank structure, or from lightweight materials - gas silicate blocks and foam blocks. This option is cheaper, simpler and easier to build. Much less often, a barn is built of timber or brick, such a construction is much more expensive. It is usually resorted to if a single capital utility block is being built, which includes, in addition to the shed, a garage and a room for livestock. In this case, the foundation for the block shed is built exclusively on shallow concrete foundation strips.

The simplest columnar type of foundation

The construction of the foundation begins with leveling the site and removing the fertile soil layer, as in the previous case, it is necessary to plan a piece of land and hammer in pegs with a cord, indicating the outer perimeter of the walls. It is not difficult to make the dimensions of the boundaries of the future foundation, it is much more difficult to achieve the maximum perpendicularity of the mating sides of the future building.

Oddly enough, but the stage of marking the future columnar foundation has always been and remains the most time-consuming and requiring patience operation. To make the barn with clear right angles, when marking, they use special devices in two frames.

According to the markup, we put the installation points of the columnar supports. For the foundation of a barn measuring 2x4 m, 12 supports are required. In order for each pillar of the foundation to have maximum stability, it must be deepened into the ground by 15-20 cm. We pour a pillow into the dug holes - a layer of gravel, and then sand and carefully tamp.

As foundation supports, it is easiest to use ready-made cinder blocks or cast supports into reusable formwork assembled from plastic lining. The second option is more laborious, since you have to do a fairly large amount of work:

Collect the formwork, install it in the pit and align it with a vertical plumb line;
Fill the formwork with concrete, after preliminary setting, the casting is freed from plastic;
While the concrete is still damp, the upper edge is carefully cut with a knife along the horizon so that all the supporting planes of the foundation columns are at the same level.

Important! Height adjustment has always been the most difficult operation. Therefore, sometimes, instead of trimming into the thickness of the concrete “on the wet”, an anchor bolt was driven to fasten the beam strapping, the height of the foundation column was regulated by linings made of metal or cut out wooden planks.

If the foundation base needs to be made as quickly as possible, then ready-made cinder blocks can be used instead of casting. Previously, each block is tamped or upset with light blows on a sand cushion so that the supporting surface of all pillars is in the same plane. After that, the cinder blocks are fixed by pouring concrete mortar into the pit.

It remains to install the strapping of pine timber. The corners of the beams are connected half a tree and hammered with nails, it is better not to use screws. Nails allow the connection to play under load, and screws split the wood. After assembling the perimeter of the base in the same way - in half a tree, we saw down and cut the transverse beams.

It remains to treat the wood with a pickling solution and sew up the strapping with a 20 mm edged board.

Arrangement of the foundation for a capital barn

The warmest and most convenient for a summer cottage is a barn built from a foam block. The cost of construction is relatively low, most of the work, for example, a box and a foundation for a shed from blocks, can be done by hand.

Unfortunately, lightweight materials like gas silicate block or foam concrete do not have sufficient rigidity so that the walls can be installed on a light foundation. In most cases, the box has to be reinforced with reinforcing belts from reinforcement, and as a foundation for a barn from foam blocks, a shallow concrete tape is cast.

At the first stage, it will be necessary to make a pit for a shallow-depth LF. By marking the outline of the future barn, we dig a trench 20 cm wide and 50 cm deep. There are two ways to build a cast concrete foundation for a barn from blocks:

casting into the ground;
Traditional pouring concrete disposable formwork.

In the first case, during the construction of the foundation, a large overconsumption of concrete is obtained, casting into the ground can be used if it is possible to use rubble stone to enhance the strength of concrete. The addition of only 30% of the trench volume with fragments of heavy igneous rocks makes it possible to abandon reinforcement or any other strengthening of the foundation. In the second case, the construction of the foundation base will require additional costs for the assembly and installation of formwork panels, their dismantling, coating waterproofing and backfilling.

In practice, for a one-story barn, the foundation base is most often poured without formwork, just a pillow of gravel and a mixture of screenings and sand is laid on the bottom of the trench. The trench will need to be made wider, about 25-30 cm. So that the foundation for the barn does not crack, it is necessary to carefully level and trim the walls, remove roots and stones. Otherwise, the waterproofing film will not lie flat, and the pressure of the concrete will simply tear it apart. If the soil is sufficiently dense, then the depth of pouring can be limited to 30 cm, for sandy loam and loose loam, it will be necessary to increase the height of the tape to 40 cm.

Before pouring concrete, the edges of the trench are built up with the help of scraps of boards supported from one edge with soil taken out during digging. Thus, it is possible to easily make a foundation base for a barn 15-20 cm high. The upper part of the base of the building, protruding above the ground, can be laid out with a large rubble stone and poured with concrete mortar. After a day or two, the earth and boards must be removed, and the film must be cleaned of soil and glued to the walls of the foundation.

Ideally, it is necessary to pour the foundation in one go, but doing it alone is quite difficult, since it will be necessary to lay at least one and a half meters of cubic concrete under a barn with a base of 2x4 m. For an ordinary 50-liter concrete mixer, this is 30 batches, and they need to be done within one day. If the concrete foundation under the barn is filled with rubble stone, then half the volume of mortar can be dispensed with. Alternatively, you can rent a 100-liter concrete mixer for a day and make 7-10 batches, it is unrealistic to buy one and a half cubic meters of concrete for the foundation of a barn, since automixers practically do not work in such portions.

Special cases of foundation construction

The place on the site for the construction of the barn, as a rule, is chosen according to the residual principle, where it is convenient to make a utility block, without taking into account the quality of the soil and the ability to build a normal solid foundation. If the shed has to be built on a slope, and even on greasy siliceous clay, then the only possible option would be to pour a mixed foundation structure. It is in many ways similar to the tape version, but bored piles are cast in the corners and midpoints of the long sides of the base of the building.

In this case, before backfilling the bottom of the trench with a gravel pad, it will be necessary to drill wells with a garden drill in the corners of the future foundation of the barn. The depth and diameter of the well are 120 cm and 15 cm, respectively. Inside the wells, a sheet of roofing material rolled into a roll is laid, and a T-shaped frame is inserted from reinforcement or a corner. The top shelf should be located at a height of 15-20 cm from the bottom of the trench. After that, you can fill the foundation with concrete and level the basement of the barn for laying the foam block.

Conclusion

If the walls of the room are supposed to be built of brick or heavy cinder block, then the foundation will need to be reinforced with reinforcement. At least two strands of 8 mm steel bar are laid for every 15 cm of foundation height. For foam block and gas silicate, the basement of the foundation tape must be reinforced with an additional armored belt. Given the relatively low rigidity of the foam block, wood concrete and gas silicate, an additional row of reinforcement will help to avoid problems during the settlement of the walls of the building.

Shed on foundation

The question: whether to build a foundation for a barn or not, confronts everyone who plans a room for an economic block or other non-residential structure. For a person who is ignorant of construction, an important factor is the choice of the type of foundation that combines reliability and reasonable price. The article will address the question: how to make solid foundation for a barn with your own hands, and what are the advantages of building a change house on a solid foundation.

Why do you need a foundation for a barn

The shed is an indispensable building in private homes. It is used to store tools or necessary things for which there is no place in the house. It is indispensable for breeding domestic animals and birds. Some equip the barn as a workshop or garage. It is not surprising that every owner expects a long service from this structure.

While it may seem like the easiest way to get rid of the foundation when building a shed, there are some downsides to doing so. First, the layer of earth never stands still. Due to fragile soil and groundwater, it can move to the side, fail. This will lead to the fact that the walls of your building may tilt, move in different directions, which will lead to the collapse of the structure. It is possible that every year the barn will gradually fall deeper into the ground.

Secondly, compared to residential buildings, the barn has a lower weight, and without a foundation it will be difficult for it to withstand the onslaught of rain, strong winds and other weather vagaries.

Therefore, the foundation for the hozblok is important point in construction planning.

Shed on a column base

What to consider when choosing a foundation

Modern construction methods offer a large number of options to lay the foundation for the future construction project. When choosing a foundation for a brick shed or woodshed, the following factors must be considered:

Terrain relief. It is necessary to understand whether the barn will be located on a flat piece of land, or there is a slope in the place chosen for construction.
Knowing the groundwater level will help determine if the foundation will need additional waterproofing.
Knowledge of the soil structure is also necessary to select the type of foundation, since clayey or sandy soils are more conducive to settling of the structure, while firm rocky soil creates the possibility of using minimal forces on the foundation, as it will help in keeping the structure immobile.
The selected materials will certainly have an impact on the foundation for the change house. The weight of the building and its strength will depend on them.

Taking into account all of the above factors, you can choose and build the optimal foundation for the barn with your own hands. What are the manufacturing steps for some of the main base types?

Tape type foundation

Such a foundation is considered the optimal basis for building on different types soil. Its main disadvantage is the relatively high cost of materials for manufacturing.

To fill the strip foundation under the barn with your own hands, you need to dig a ditch along the perimeter of the future building to a depth of approximately 70 cm, after marking it with pegs and a rope. Accurate calculation the depth of the ditch for the foundation is calculated individually depending on the climatic conditions. It is important that it is below the freezing level of the soil.

Shed on a strip foundation

If a barn is to be built large sizes, shading around the edges won't be enough. A concrete base will be required over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe structure so that the floor does not sag.

At the bottom of the ditch, layers of crushed stone (10 cm) and building sand (up to 8 cm) are placed to strengthen the soil. All this must be carefully tamped.

The next stage in the manufacture of strip foundations is the installation of formwork from boards. It should protrude about 30 cm above the ground. This is how they usually protect the bottom of the barn from rotting. For reliability, it can be additionally reinforced.

At this stage of work, care must be taken to ventilate the base to avoid moisture accumulation. To do this, cut pipes made of metal or plastic are placed inside. The holes should be in different places to create air movement inside the foundation.

Now you need to prepare a concrete solution. It is a mixture of sand, gravel and cement in a ratio of 5:3:1. All this is stirred to a homogeneous mixture and poured into the prepared ditch. This needs to be done in 2 steps. First you need to make a thin layer of concrete around the entire perimeter and let it harden a little. This will create an insulation that prevents water and laitance from leaving the concrete mixture, which can greatly reduce strength. And then you can fill in the rest.

The prepared mixture must be used up during the day, because later, due to the hardening process that has begun, it will be unusable.

In conclusion, it remains to wait until the solution dries, and remove the frame. It is important to remember that construction can be continued 1.5-2 weeks after the foundation has been poured, when the concrete has hardened by 70%. The maximum strength of the foundation is usually reached in 24-27 days. A properly poured strip foundation will become solid foundation for a barn of any severity and workload.

Foundation on screw piles

This method, which allows you to pour the foundation for a change house with your own hands, was developed relatively recently. It is able to hold the structure even on the most unreliable soils.

barn on stilts

Table - the dependence of the pile load on its size and type of soil.

Installation pile foundation does not require large material costs. It will be possible to build a barn on screw piles without special machines. With the help of a crowbar or a piece of pipe, two adult men will be able to cope with this task.

You should start work with markup. Then, in the places where the piles will be, small holes are dug. Their goal is to direct the pile blade in the right direction. After that, you can start piling.

It is necessary to mount the structure on piles vertically, avoiding deviations.

Therefore, you can check the work using the building level or invite a third person to monitor the correct installation. After completion, it is necessary to check that the piles are at the same level horizontally.

Now the cavities between the ground and the piles need to be filled with concrete. This will help protect the base from corrosion. In conclusion, it is necessary to install the heads in order to begin the construction of the utility block itself.

Column Foundation

As the simplest foundation, a columnar foundation is chosen by those who do not have sufficient experience in construction. It does not require large material costs and physical effort to manufacture. The only drawback is the inability to use this option on unsteady soils. There is an algorithm of actions on how to design a columnar foundation for a barn.

Shed on a column foundation

First you need to clean and prepare the space where the barn is planned to be erected. Clay soil will have to be covered with a 10 cm layer of gravel. Now the installation points of the columns are marked. In these places, holes should be dug up to a depth of 1 m.

Before starting the installation of the posts, the bottom of the recesses made must be covered with sand and gravel by 15 cm, and then rammed. The posts used can be made of wood, bricks or concrete blocks. If the planned structure is heavy, the posts should be strengthened with a reinforcing bar.

After fixing the posts, you need to install the formwork and pour the concrete solution. The construction of the barn itself can be started 5-7 days after the concrete has hardened.

The foundation of car tires

Shed on tires

For car owners, this is a good opportunity to give a second life to tires that are no longer possible to drive. A structure can be built with a tire base in two ways.

On unsteady soils, it is necessary to dig holes with a depth below the level of freezing of the earth. Their size must match the tires. The bottom is reinforced with a compacted cushion of crushed stone, and the tires are stacked in a pile. All this is covered with inert material.

On more durable soil, it is enough to remove the fertile layer, strengthen and compact it with sand. The tire, placed on top, will serve as a formwork for concrete. It is worth remembering that after the concrete dries, such a base loses some of its strength, therefore it seems to be a less reliable option compared to the first.

Foundation device on car tires

The disadvantage of such a foundation is the wide diameter of the tires. Since the wall of the change house is in the middle of the tires, they will be clearly visible after the construction of the shed is completed. Therefore, they need to be painted or disguised so that they do not spoil general form. When using the base of the tires in the subfield of the utility block, voids are formed that are favorable for the penetration of moisture and favorable for the appearance of rodents.

For the manufacture of protective padding in metal sheets, openings are cut to fit the size of the protruding parts of the tires.

Block foundation for barn

The construction of a foundation for a change house from blocks is similar to a tape one, only it costs the future owner of the barn less. First, a trench up to 60 cm is dug, the bottom of which is also reinforced with rubble and sand. A layer of concrete is poured on top, on which you can begin to lay blocks. After waterproofing the base, the trench must be buried.

The bottom of the foundation for a foam block shed will be a little smaller, since this fairly light material shrinks less. The width should match the size of the block so that it fits without too much effort. The concrete pad is also important when working with the foundation for a foam block shed, therefore, after the formwork is installed, it is poured with a layer of up to 20 cm, and the laying of the blocks begins after the concrete has hardened.

Other types of foundation for a barn

If you have a drilling rig, you can use bored piles instead of screw piles. To do this, it is necessary to drill wells in the designated places, insert asbestos-cement or polyethylene pipes into them. The formwork for the pipe is made from a piece of roofing material, the seam of which is fixed with bituminous mastic.

The pipe is poured with concrete mortar in two steps. First, the space is filled by about a third, and after reinforcement, the filling is completed.

A rather rare way is the foundation on reinforced concrete sleepers. The reason is the difficulty in acquiring this material. For such a base, as well as a tape one, a trench is dug. Only sleepers are laid on its bottom so that the joint of one row coincides with the whole sleeper in the next.

To summarize: the question - which foundation to choose when building a barn depends on several factors. Firstly, this is the terrain on which the future building will be located, and the type of soil. Secondly, they will play a role financial condition and construction skills of the master. Thirdly, the choice of materials for the change house itself is important. So, the foundation for a block shed will be different from a brick or wooden structure, so before choosing the simplest method of pouring the foundation, you need to make sure that it will keep a decent look for your shed for many years.