The location of the wastewater treatment system on the site must be approached with all responsibility. This is still a sump, which means that it will not exude the aroma of roses. In addition, since the water after the drain goes into the ground, humidity will be increased in this place, which means that you need to choose the right place for its installation. Must follow as building codes and sanitary requirements. Now we will consider them.
Distance to accommodation
In order for households not to feel any odors, you need to install a cleaning system at a certain distance from the house. Many try to place it on the edge of the land. On hilly terrain, you need to choose the lowest point.
It does not matter whether it was made on its own, or a finished model was ordered, it must be placed at the request of SNiP. In this regard, they are clearly defined and strictly regulated. When arranging sewerage in a residential, and not country house, you need to coordinate this with the BTI. Otherwise, the construction is recognized as illegal, for which you can pay a fine.
From the cleaning system to the house, the septic tank should be located 5 meters. In particular, this applies to drainage ditches and seepage fields. Sumps can be placed closer to the house. This will help to avoid odors and protect the foundation of the house from washing away. With a high location of groundwater, it is necessary to take into account the relief of the site.
Distance to adjacent area
On your site, you can not forget about the neighbors. Yes, I want to install it away from my home, but the neighbors will not like it if the choice falls on a place near their fence. The septic tank must be located at a distance of 2 meters from the fence.
Distance to garden plantings
A lot of moisture will not benefit the plants in the garden. If you install a cleaning system near the garden, then bushes and trees may die from excess moisture. The roots will rot, the plants will dry out. Therefore, the septic tank must be located at least 4 meters from the garden.
Distance to the water intake
It is advisable to keep the well that provides your home with clean and drinking water away from the septic tank in order to protect people's health. It cannot be allowed to wastewater get into the aquifers, this can render the well water unusable. From the septic tank to the well, you need to withstand at least 30 meters. If the area is sandy, then the distance should be at least 50 meters.
What to do when there is not enough space
But what if you need to maintain the distance, but there is not enough space at all? Such situations are by no means rare. However, if the distance cannot be maintained, this does not mean that it needs to be reduced. This can result in a violation of the health of your household, and penalties for home owners.
If the distance cannot be maintained, you need to choose another sewer. For example, install a drive. This is a container for the accumulation of wastewater, which is installed in the ground. As soon as the container is filled, it is necessary to pump it out with the help of vacuum trucks. The advantages of the drive are ease of installation, reasonable cost and complete environmental safety. Disadvantages: rather high system maintenance costs + bad smell during pumping of wastewater.
The question of where to dig a well, in order to be sure that the water in it will be clean and in large quantities, worries those who are going to organize water supply to a summer cottage from this hydraulic structure. It would seem that the question concerns only the location, but it should be noted that there are special documents public institutions, which accurately determine the distance from the well to the house and other buildings and structures. One of them is SNiP 30-02-97, which deals with the planning and development of summer cottages.
Well construction near the house
Standards for the location of the well in the country
But in any document, even in the designated SNiP, one cannot find the exact standard distances when it comes to a well for drinking water. The thing is that the well itself, as such, does not carry loads on the building. Therefore, you can often find wells that are dug inside the house. True, it is necessary to make a reservation that this type of structure is possible if the house is not built on a shallow foundation.
Shallow foundation structures are usually built for small, lightweight buildings. When digging the soil inside the house or near the foundation, its movements may occur, which will affect the quality of not only the foundation structure, but also the main structure as a whole. Therefore, it is for such cases that there is a norm of the distance from the well to the building. It should not be less than 3 m.
Local water supply network
But it is also necessary to take into account the fact that the well can act as a source of water, which is the place of intake for the local water supply network. If you install a pump in a well shaft and connect it with a hose or pipe with piping internal plumbing, then you can guarantee the constant presence of water in the house. And in this regard, the closer the well structure is to the house, the better.
- Firstly, in this way, the distance from the source to consumers is reduced, which makes it possible to shorten the water line and use a pump with less power. And that's a good money saver.
- Secondly, the small size of the suburban area does not make it possible to build on a grand scale or carry out decorative design of the territory. Therefore, compactness is the main requirement of development.
Distance from the well to sewer facilities
As for the rest of the buildings or objects, the well can be built at a distance:
- more than 30 m from buildings where cattle or poultry are kept;
- more than 4 m from the planted trees, this is in case the roots of the plantations get to the well and begin to destroy it;
- more than 1 m from shrubs;
- and at least 30 m to cesspools, septic tanks, sewage system sewage wells, toilets and other objects associated with sewage or pollution.
Attention! The optimal condition is if the well is dug higher than the sewer facilities are located. And here, not only own buildings are taken into account, but also neighboring ones.
The photo below shows the layout of the well relative to the main house and other buildings on suburban area. At the same time, the author of the drawing outlined the ideal location, which guarantees that the water inside this hydrotechnical facility will always be drinkable.
The ideal location of the well in the suburban area
Features of the building
Choosing a place for a well, in principle, is not very difficult if you have a development plan for your summer cottage. This will be especially important for those who are just starting to equip the cottage. If the house is still only in terms of construction, then you can safely dig a well, which it was decided to organize inside the building. Moreover, during the construction of buildings, water will be required, so the construction of a water source will be very important precisely at the first stages of landscaping a suburban area.
If the foundation is already filled, then in this case it is also possible to dig a well shaft inside. Although there is no problem to do this with the house already erected. Simply, the more free and open space, the easier it is to dig the soil.
It should also be noted that the well inside the building is a loss in usable area at home. If a total area big, then there will be no problems. But in small buildings, where everyone counts square meter it is better to refuse such an undertaking. It is also possible in the basement, if such is provided for in the project of the house. The well shaft will have to be cleaned regularly and sometimes repaired - this is the installation of a cleaning block, dirt and debris, so the space around the well should be easily cleaned, and Decoration Materials be resistant to moisture.
As for the well near the foundation or anywhere else, this is the easiest. The matter can only be complicated by the presence of large trees, the roots of which have an extensive network of passage. Therefore, it is worth considering even such seemingly not the most stringent requirements and conditions.
Well inside the house
But, as practice shows, shallow wells will create the most trouble. This primarily suggests that the aquifer lies very close to the surface of the earth. When digging a mine, water from the horizon rises by 1.5-2 m, filling the water collector. That is, its location becomes even higher. And if it is wrong to carry out the construction of the mine and the formation of the shaft, then there is a high probability that, seeping through the walls of the lining of the walls of the mine, the water will begin to wash away the foundation itself. And this is already a big problem.
Therefore, it is very important to take care of sealing the trunk of the well structure. Especially if it is finished with wood, stone or brick. In this regard, reinforced concrete rings guarantee maximum tightness.
So, the distance from the well to the house and other buildings in the summer cottage is a very important value. From the foregoing, we can conclude that most often this indicator affects both the purity of the water in the well, and technical condition home, especially the foundation.
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Consider how far the septic tank should be located from its neighbors so that its operation does not harm the soil, plants and people. Since the villages and country houses are not connected to the central water supply system, the owners themselves install a treatment plant. The simplest installation, during operation, defends and decomposes organic waste with the help of bacteria (anaerobic). Already at the outlet, the liquid is cleaned up to 70%, then it passes through a filtering well or field. After that, water is used for technical purposes.
What is required for a permit for the installation of VOC
The treatment plant is an installation that can harm the environment, therefore its uncontrolled installation is prohibited. Before starting work, they draw up a project, approve it in the SES and receive permission to install a treatment plant. This becomes possible if everything complies with the existing SNiP. The main issue in this matter is the right place for the construction, that is, the main requirement is the regulatory placement of VOCs in a suburban area. In the future, all actions are checked by regulatory authorities, and if something does not comply with the standards or the project, the VOC will be dismantled.
When planning construction and drawing up a project, they take into account the requirements of SNiP for the placement of a treatment plant: all distances from the well to the septic tank, from the installation to the house, etc. are clearly indicated here. By observing them, the owner will be sure that the documentation will be approved without problems and he will receive a VOC permit .
When carrying out work on the construction of a treatment plant, all existing rules are taken into account. Consider what should be the distance from the septic tank to the well, because it is important that untreated drains do not get into the aquifers of the site, otherwise there will be a threat of infection with infectious diseases. It is also important to understand that there is a possibility of an accident (depressurization, pipe break, etc.), so the distance between the septic tank and the well should be large.
Note that if there are filtering soils between the soil and aquifers, then the minimum distance from the septic tank to the well is 20 m. This can be determined by studies that make it possible to assess the composition and quality of the soil.
If the house is located on soil such as sand, sandy loam, that is, the soil has a filtration capacity, then the distance from the well to the septic tank should be from 50 to 80 m. During the construction of the VOC, it is necessary to correctly place the water pipes. For example, between a drinking pipe and a sewage treatment plant, the minimum distance should be 10 m.
Only in this case, the possibility of mixing water with wastewater in case of depressurization of the water supply network is excluded. When choosing the optimal interval from the water intake to the VOC, it is taken into account that the well and the septic tank are located with a natural slope in the following way: device below the well.
Other requirements for wastewater treatment plants
The standards regulate the distance from the house to the septic tank, so they cannot be bypassed. For example, it is forbidden to place a treatment plant at a distance of less than 5 m from the foundation of a building or other house. This is required not only by sanitary safety, but also by the fact that the treatment plant emits unpleasant odors. Only in exceptional cases is it possible to install a station closer than this minimum, for example, if it is modern and does not emit stench into the air when processing wastewater.
It is also undesirable that the distance from the house to the septic tank is very large, since if the external sewage pipeline is long, it will be difficult to ensure the smooth functioning of the system.
After all, blockages often occur on a long pipeline, so revision wells are mounted on it (at turns and every 15 m).
There are rules that determine how far the VOC can be installed from a particular object, that is, the distance from the treatment plant to, for example, the fence of neighbors or the border of two sites. Therefore, when planning the installation of VOCs, the following parameters are taken into account:
- the distance from the septic tank to the house is 3 m;
- from other buildings the maximum distance reaches 1 m;
- from the treatment plant to the road with heavy traffic, the minimum distance is 5 m;
- from buildings for keeping birds and small animals - 4 m;
- from trees and undersized plants - 2-4 m;
- from shrubs - 1 m;
- from septic to neighboring plot or fence - 2 m;
- the distance from the toilet (drain pit) to the fence is 1 m.
And when choosing the location of the treatment plant, consider the following:
- its installation is easier to do on a site with soft soil;
- from the septic tank to the foundation of a residential building, an outbuilding or a bathhouse, the minimum distance should be 1 meter;
- chambers are periodically cleaned of hardened sediment;
- make sure that there is an entrance to the unit.
The sewage treatment plant is an element of the sewer system, and its location should be approached responsibly. At the same time, it is important to comply with all construction and sanitary requirements, and only then the SES will give permission to install a treatment plant on the site. When the VOC meets all prescribed standards, both the owners, and guests, and neighbors will be satisfied that they are not bothered by unpleasant odors.
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Regulatory documents are very difficult to master, especially for non-professionals. To understand all the requirements for engineering networks, you need to spend a lot of time processing a large amount of material. It is also quite problematic to find exactly the information you need on the web: often the search results turn out to be completely different from what they should be.
This article will describe all the information that relates to sewer systems, the main types of sewer wells, their parameters and requirements for structures will be considered.
Sewer systems of private houses
In arrangement suburban areas autonomous sewer systems are often used, which are distinguished by the presence of a large number of positive qualities. Some systems turn out to be more economical than using a central collector, while others turn out to be the only possible solution to the problem of sewerage.For the normal functioning of the external sewage system and the provision of quality service, the design of the system must be arranged in accordance with the norms and rules displayed in the relevant documents.
The installation scheme of the sewer system and its operation largely depend on factors, which include:
- topographic indicators of the selected territory;
- types of soils located on the site;
- the presence of water sources near the site;
- layout of engineering underground networks already present in the area.
It is much more difficult to arrange a sewer system on a site with a difficult terrain, or on which there is a source of drinking water. In this case, the sewage system must comply with the sanitary requirements that apply to septic tanks or waste storage tanks. In addition, the device of the system can be complicated by connecting to it drainage system and storm drainage. See also: "".
This design consists of several separate pipelines, so it will require a large number of wells. To ensure the operability of the system, you need to either contact the specialists, or carefully study all the nuances associated with the requirements for sewage.
Types of sewer wells
The main document that defines design features sewer elements and the distance between sewer wells - SNiP 2.04.03-85 “Sewerage. External networks and structures”. The document contains a large number of requirements, but there is no need for owners of private houses to study them all - it is enough to deal with the problem of local drainage (read also: ""). The main thing you need to know is that any sewer system requires intermediate wells, and they will be installed depending on various factors.Distance between manholes according to SNiP
Manholes should be installed in such situations:- in the presence of an extended pipeline running in a straight line;
- if there are turns or bends in the pipeline, as well as when the diameter of the pipes changes;
- in the presence of branches of the structure.
Determines the distance between the SNiP sewer wells, and according to it, the following rules must be followed:
- with a pipe diameter of 150 mm, wells are installed every 35 meters;
- 200-450 mm - 50 m;
- 500-600 mm - 75 m.
As a rule, when arranging private sewer systems, pipes with a diameter of 100 mm are used. When using them, the distance between the sewer wells is defined by SNiP as 15 m. In the event that the sewer does not have bends, branches, and the diameter of the pipeline does not change throughout its length, then the distance can be increased to 50 m.
Rotary wells for sewerage
This type wells in its purpose and design is absolutely identical to the inspection ones, with the only difference that rotary wells are mounted in places where the direction of the pipeline changes. Sharp bends with large angles of rotation are usually the areas most likely to become clogged, so they need to be given Special attention. It is this function that rotary wells perform.
The distance between the rotary sewer wells is usually calculated based on the length of the straight sections between the bends of the pipeline. If the pipeline section is longer than this normative document, then it must be equipped with inspection wells to ensure a sufficient level of control over the operation of the system.
Drop wells
Installation of sewerage on a site with difficult terrain is a rather troublesome business. If the territory has a noticeable slope, then the slope of the pipeline will also be appropriate, which is absolutely impossible to allow: wastewater moving at high speed will gradually settle on the walls of the sewer system, thereby clogging it and rendering it unusable.Regulatory documents in this case speak of the need to install differential wells, which are installed in steps and compensate for the high speed of waste transportation, saving the structure from blockages (more: "").
- firstly, the height of one drop must be less than three meters;
- secondly, with drops up to 0.5 m deep (when using pipes with a diameter of up to 600 mm), drop wells can be replaced by inspection wells using drains.
Other regulations
In addition to the standards described above, which are often a problem for owners of private plots due to their inaccessibility, there are others that must also be followed in order to avoid problems with the functioning of the sewer in the future. For example, the minimum distance from the sewer well to the building should be 3 m, and the maximum - 12 m, regardless of the type of well used. The distance from the house to the sewer well is quite important indicator which must be observed. It is important to consider the distance from the cesspool to the well. In addition, it is important to always remember the existence of sanitary standards that determine the removal of elements of sewer systems from reservoirs, water sources, vegetable gardens and orchards.Conclusion
Installing a sewer system on your own site is not a big problem. All installation work related to laying pipelines and arranging sewer facilities are quite simple, and any homeowner can do them (read also: ""). About all types of work, you can find other articles on this site, and then everything will become very clear.
Maintaining the minimum distance from the house to the well is not an easy task for an inexperienced developer trying to avoid possible troubles due to non-compliance with SanPiN and SNiP standards. Even on large personal plots, it is not always possible to comply with all the required standards, and choosing a place for a well turns out to be a difficult decision for a competent engineer. Lack of centralized water supply and sewerage modern level the construction industry can easily be compensated by technological facilities. But in a summer cottage of a standard size, the distance between the well and other objects is sometimes impossible to maintain.
Well next to a house
Criteria and requirements
It is necessary to determine the required distance from the well to the house at the very beginning of developing your own land ownership. Without careful consideration of the placement of sanitary facilities on the site, it is impossible to start laying the foundation of the house.
On the site in SNT
After all, it is from him and from the distance between cesspool and the toilet depends on how the SanPiN norms will be observed. And in order to avoid future disagreements with neighbors and fines from the sanitary inspection, they are placed on a scheme drawn up taking into account all existing conditions and compliance with requirements and standards. For this you need to know:
- Installing a septic tank at the IZHS or SNT site is the only aspect that the Code of Administrative Offenses deals with and Urban planning code, but these are far from all regulatory documents on sources of water supply and disposal of natural waste. Construction cesspool, septic tank, toilet and plumbing on the site cannot be started without obtaining permission from the SES. Those options that are considered not quite safe can be checked later.
- According to SNiP 30-02-97, as amended for 2018, for construction on our own land plot appropriate permission is required. Acting in accordance with the law, which came into force in January 2019, a person simultaneously receives and professional expertise correct placement of objects on land. The conditions for compliance with the norms of SNiP and categorical (in the case of the deployment of sanitary facilities) requirements of SanPiN are the main criterion that is considered by the supervisory authority when issuing permits for construction.
- The device of any water supply option (in the absence of a centralized one) assumes a location at a proper distance from the house, septic tank or toilet. Also, it must have an appropriate distance from the fence and similar objects of neighbors. Therefore, in order to begin the development of the available area, it is recommended to first determine the sources of drinking water and the potential for contamination that are potentially dangerous for them. The distance between the well and the neighbors' house in this case is checked much less frequently than the distance from the well shafts and neighboring septic tanks with toilets.
- SP 53.13330.2011 “Planning and development of territories of horticultural (dacha) associations of citizens. Buildings and Structures” is the basic guide for determining distances on a plan when we are talking about the development building objects. But this is not the only normative document to which attention should be paid.
- For planning on the personal allotment of the owner of sanitary buildings, there are other rules that you need to focus on. This is SP 31.13330.2012 (formerly SNiP 2.04.03-85) “Sewerage. External networks and structures "and sanitation standards recorded in SanPiN.
