Reporting year

• 1. The reporting year for all organizations is calendar year- from January 1 to December 31 inclusive.
• 2. The first reporting year for newly created organizations is the period from the date of their state registration until December 31 of the corresponding year, and for organizations established after October 1 - until December 31 of the next year.

Data about business transactions conducted before the state registration of organizations are included in their financial statements for the first reporting year.

3. Monthly and quarterly reporting is intermediate and is compiled on an accrual basis from the beginning of the reporting year.

Addresses and deadlines for the submission of financial statements

1. All organizations, with the exception of budget ones, submit annual financial statements in accordance with the constituent documents to the founders, participants of the organization or owners of its property, as well as to territorial bodies state statistics at their place of registration. State and municipal unitary enterprises submit accounting reports to the bodies authorized to manage state property.

Accounting statements are submitted to other executive authorities, banks and other users in accordance with the law Russian Federation.

2. Organizations, with the exception of budgetary and public organizations (associations) and their structural subdivisions, that do not carry out entrepreneurial activity and having no turnover on the sale of goods (works, services) except for the retired property, are required to submit quarterly financial statements within 30 days after the end of the quarter, and annual - within 90 days after the end of the year, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The submitted annual financial statements must be approved in the manner prescribed by the constituent documents of the organization.

• 3. Budget organizations submit monthly, quarterly and annual financial statements to a higher authority within the time limits established by it.
• 4. Public organizations(associations) and their structural units, who do not carry out entrepreneurial activities and do not have turnovers for the sale of goods (works, services) except for the retired property, submit financial statements only once a year based on the results of the reporting year in a simplified composition:
  • a) balance sheet;
  • b) profit and loss statement;
  • c) report on intended use funds received.
• 5. Financial statements can be presented to the user by the organization directly or transmitted through its representative, sent in the form of a postal item with a list of attachments or transmitted via telecommunication channels.

The user of the financial statements is not entitled to refuse to accept the financial statements and is obliged, at the request of the organization, to put a mark on the copy of the financial statements on acceptance and the date of its submission. Upon receipt of financial statements via telecommunication channels, the user of financial statements is obliged to transfer to the organization a receipt of acceptance in electronic form.

The date of submission of financial statements by the organization is the date of dispatch of the postal item with a list of attachments or the date of its dispatch via telecommunication channels or the date of actual transfer by ownership.

1. The reporting period for annual accounting (financial) statements (reporting year) is a calendar year - from January 1 to December 31 inclusive, except for cases of creation, reorganization and liquidation of a legal entity.

2. The first reporting year is the period from the date of state registration of an economic entity to December 31 of the same calendar year, inclusive, unless otherwise provided by Law N 402-FZ and (or) federal standards.

3. If the state registration of an economic entity, with the exception of a credit institution, is made after September 30, the first reporting year is, unless otherwise established by the economic entity, the period from the date of state registration to December 31 of the calendar year following the year of its state registration, inclusive.

4. The reporting period for interim accounting (financial) statements is the period from January 1 to the reporting date of the period for which interim accounting (financial) statements are prepared, inclusive.

5. The first reporting period for interim accounting (financial) statements is the period from the date of state registration of an economic entity to the reporting date of the period for which interim accounting (financial) statements are prepared, inclusive.

6. The date on which the accounting (financial) statements are prepared (reporting date) is the last calendar day of the reporting period, except for cases of reorganization and liquidation of a legal entity (Article 15 of Law N 402-FZ).

Unlike Law N 129-FZ, Law N 402-FZ operates not with the concept of "reporting year", but with the terms "reporting date" and " reporting period"However, this does not change the essence of the matter, especially since in Parts 2 and 3 of Article 15 of Law N 402-FZ, the expression "first reporting year" still slips through.

By general rule reporting period is:

For annual accounting (financial) statements - calendar year, from January 1 to December 31 inclusive;

For interim reporting - the period from January 1 to the reporting date of the period for which these reports are prepared, inclusive.

The reporting date (on which the accounting (financial) statements are prepared) is the last calendar day of the reporting period. January 1 cannot be considered a reporting date, because this is not the last, but the first calendar day of any reporting period. Actually, such an idea is already embedded in the "last" operating reporting forms approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia N 66n. For example, in the balance sheet, data are given only as of December 31 of the previous and previous years and for the last day of the reporting period (for example, as of March 31 when compiling interim reporting for the 1st quarter or as of December 31 of the reporting year).

Special rules are established for cases of creation, reorganization and liquidation of a legal entity.

First, the beginning of the reporting period in this case is the date of state registration of the economic entity. However, managers and accountants of state and municipal institutions need to keep in mind: changing the type of institution is not considered a reorganization or the creation of a new institution, and therefore the rules of Part 2 of Art. 15 of Law N 402-FZ do not apply to such cases. This reservation was made in part 3 of Art. 30 of Law N 402-FZ.

Secondly, if the state registration of an economic entity was made after September 30, the first reporting year for it "by default" is the period from the date of state registration to December 31 of the calendar year following the year of its state registration, inclusive. But there are two exceptions to this rule:

It does not apply to credit institutions;

An economic entity may establish other rules for determining the first reporting year, i.e. actually abandon this "grace" period and adhere to the general rule and consider the first reporting year as the period from the date of state registration to December 31 of the same year.

An organization can choose one of two options:

Consider the period from October 15, 2013 to December 31, 2014 inclusive as the first reporting year (it will be equal to 14 and a half months) and for the first time generate annual accounting (financial) statements only at the beginning of 2015.

This is the general approach applied "by default" in accordance with the Law N 402-FZ. In this case, the head of the LLC does not need to make any special orders;

Consider the period from October 15 to December 31, 2013 (ie two and a half months) as the first reporting year. Then the organization should prepare the first annual statements already at the beginning of 2014. But for this, it needs to establish just such a procedure for recognizing the first reporting year in the accounting policy.

We will especially note the "decisive" date of registration. In the new Law, it is set as "after September 30", while in the old one there was the wording "after October 1". The new wording is more in line with the original intention of the legislator. After all, the old definition "after October 1" meant that an organization registered on October 1 should have considered the first reporting year the period from the date of registration to December 31 of the same year (i.e., in fact, the first year for such an organization was equal to the IV quarter). Organizations registered on or after October 2 (until December 31) could "postpone" the first annual accounts. Now everyone who was created "after September 30" has such an opportunity, i.e. from 1 October inclusive. In other words, an organization established on October 1, 2013 will be able to submit its first annual accounts at the beginning of 2015 without any problems (for the period from October 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014).

The term "reporting period" is used in accounting and denotes the period of time for which a report is prepared, as well as taxes are levied from the enterprise and from individuals. The main reporting period is a year, intermediate - month and quarter. As a rule, all reports and legal actions are carried out at the end of the reporting year. The reporting period, which begins on January 1 and ends on December 31, is called the calendar reporting period. If it, having the same duration, begins on any other date, then it is called financial year.

The reporting year in Russia starts on 1.01, while in other countries it can start on 1.04, 1.07 or 1.10. It ends with the reporting date, i.e. the date of compilation annual report.

Sometimes it is possible to choose an annual reporting period that begins and ends at a time when the level of business activity is low. accounts receivable and inventory (to simplify calculations). In this case, the reporting period coincides with the natural business cycle of the enterprise and is called the natural business year.

When drawing up an interim reporting period, the interval between January 1 and the date on which the interim report is drawn up, inclusive, is considered.

For enterprises and organizations established in a given calendar year in the Russian Federation, the first reporting year is considered to be the interval between the date of their establishment (the date of state registration) and the date of December 31 current year. If the organization is registered after October 31, then the end date of the first reporting year is December 31 of the following year.

In case of liquidation or reorganization of the enterprise, the reporting period is taken from January 1 of the given year to the date of liquidation (reorganization).

Interim reporting periods are calendar month or quarter, with the corresponding reports. For accounting purposes tax liabilities usually a period equal to a calendar year is taken (except for cases when calculations are carried out according to Changes in the reporting period are possible only with the permission of tax administration.

In the preparation of financial statements, such a concept as the code of the reporting period is used. This is a two-digit number, put down in a specially designated column of the accounting report. For any reporting period, the code is strictly defined, just as for different types reports. Full list listed in the codebook.

According to this directory, the numbers from 01 to 12 are codes of reporting periods equal to the corresponding months of the year. 20 - quarterly report code, from 21 to 22 - quarterly report codes from 1st to 4th quarter, respectively, 31 - report code for half a year, 33 - for 9 months, 34 - for a year.

There are other codes corresponding to certain reporting periods. So, when compiling reports for several months, digital designations are used in the range of numbers from 35 to 46.

The handbook also provides cases for compiling accounting reports upon reorganization or liquidation of the enterprise. So, for example, the number 50 in the reporting period code column indicates the last taxable period in the event of liquidation or reorganization of the enterprise. In other cases of reorganization (liquidation), the following designations are used:

Code 51 - report for the 1st quarter;

52 - for half a year;

53 - report for 9 months;

54 - for the 2nd quarter;

55 - for the 3rd quarter;

56 - for the 4th quarter of the year.

In addition, when preparing monthly reports in the event of liquidation or reorganization, numeric codes from 71 to 82 are used to indicate reports for the months from January to December, respectively, and 90 for the year. In the same cases, in reports for the 1st quarter, half a year, 9 months and a year (i.e., when preparing interim reports), codes from 91 to 94 are put down, respectively. Code 99 is provided by the code book for other unplanned cases.

According to national Russian rules reporting year for all organizations is a calendar year - from January 1 to December 31 inclusive, and reporting date - the date on which the organization must prepare financial statements. For compiling financial reporting The reporting date is the last calendar day of the reporting period.

The organization must generate periodic financial statements no later than 30 days after the end of the reporting period, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The first reporting year for newly created organizations is the period from the date of their state registration to December 31 of the corresponding year, and for organizations established after October 1 - to December 31 of the next year.

Data on business transactions carried out under the state registration of organizations are included in their financial statements for the first reporting year.

Monthly and quarterly reports are interim and are compiled on an accrual basis from the beginning of the reporting period.

Comparing the procedures established in Russia with the procedures adopted at the international level, it should be noted that IFRS does not establish specific deadlines for the preparation of a company's annual financial statements. As a non-governmental organization, the IASB does not have the power to make any mandatory prescriptions in this matter. Reporting deadlines in each country are determined by national legislation, market regulators valuable papers, or relevant national professional organizations.

At the same time, IFRS define a general approach to the timing of the preparation of financial statements. When deciding this issue of paramount importance is the provision of such a qualitative characteristic of financial statements as relevance. According to the principles of preparation and preparation of financial statements, relevant reporting information helps users evaluate past, present and future events, confirm or correct their past estimates. In other words, the relevance of information means that it influences the economic decisions made by users. Reporting information performs prognostic and confirmatory functions. The ability to perform these functions is reduced if financial information not made available to users within an acceptable period after the reporting date.

36 IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements requires entities to present a complete set of financial statements (including comparative information) at least annually. If an entity changes its reporting period end and presents financial statements for a period greater than or less than one year, in addition to the period covered by the financial statements, the entity shall disclose:

• - the reason for using a longer or shorter period;
• - the fact that the amounts presented in the financial statements are not fully comparable.

Typically, an entity prepares financial statements consistently over a period of one year. However, for practical reasons, some enterprises prefer to report, for example, for a period of 52 weeks. IAS 1 does not preclude this practice.

The experience of domestic companies shows that half a year is quite a realistic period for preparing and auditing IFRS statements in Russia. At the same time, for the preparation of such reports for the first time, as a rule, more time is required. The time and effort spent by management on the preparation of the second and subsequent IFRS reports is usually steadily reduced as knowledge and experience are accumulated, relevant skills are acquired, and procedures are developed.

When determining a specific deadline for the presentation of financial statements to users, the company's management must find a balance between such reporting characteristics as relevance and reliability. In the event of an unreasonable delay in the presentation of financial statements, the information may lose its relevance. Therefore, to ensure the timeliness of information, it is often necessary to report before all the details of a business transaction or event are known, which can be detrimental to the reliability of the data. If the reporting is delayed until all details are clarified, then the information may be extremely reliable, but due to untimeliness, of little use for adoption. interested users economic decisions. In achieving a balance between relevance and reliability, the interests and needs of users of financial statements are decisive.

In addition to national legislation and the balance between the relevance and reliability of reporting information, when determining the time required to prepare annual financial statements, the following factors are taken into account: the timing of the annual meeting of shareholders, the procedures for reviewing reports by the board of directors and the audit commission, the organizational and management structure of the company, its size, nature and scope of activities, audit time, type of reporting, etc. However, ongoing factors, such as the complexity of a company's activities, should not be used as an excuse for delaying reporting.

The actual length of the period for preparing annual financial statements can be judged by the date when the financial statements were authorized for issue. In essence, it marks the end of work on financial statements; no subsequent events are reflected in the financial statements. In accordance with IFRS 10 "Events after the balance sheet date", this date is required to be disclosed in the financial statements.

Reporting date - the date as of which the organization must prepare financial statements.

For the preparation of financial statements, the reporting date is the last calendar day of the reporting period.

The organization must generate periodic financial statements no later than 30 days after the end of the reporting period, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The first reporting year for newly created organizations is the period from the date of their state registration to December 31 of the corresponding year, and for organizations established after October 1 - to December 31 of the next year.

The information contained in the financial statements, on the basis of synthetic and analytical accounting.

Changes in the financial statements relating to both the current and the previous year (after its approval) are made in the statements compiled for the reporting period in which distortions of their data were discovered.

Data on business transactions carried out prior to the state registration of organizations are included in their financial statements for the first reporting year.

Monthly and quarterly reports are interim and are compiled on an accrual basis from the beginning of the reporting year.

On January 1, 1999, the Regulation on accounting"Events after the reporting date" (PBU 7/98).

The regulation establishes the procedure for reflecting in the financial statements commercial organizations(Besides credit institutions), which are legal entities according to the legislation of the Russian Federation, events after the reporting date.

An event after the reporting date is the fact economic activity that has had or may have an impact on financial condition, traffic Money or results of the organization's activities and which took place between the reporting date and the date of signing the financial statements for each year.

An event after the reporting date is also recognized as the announcement of annual dividends based on the results of operations joint-stock company for the reporting year.

Events after the reporting date include: events confirming the existence on the reporting date of economic conditions in which the organization conducted its activities;

Events that testify to the economic conditions that arose after the reporting date in which the organization conducts its activities.

An approximate list of facts of economic activity that can be recognized as events after the reporting date is given in the appendix to these Regulations.

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