The Federal Accounting Act establishes. New accounting law

Chapter 2. General requirements for accounting
Chapter 3. Regulation accounting
Chapter 4. Final Provisions

Chapter 1. General Provisions

Article 1

1. The objectives of this Federal Law are to establish uniform requirements for accounting, including accounting (financial) reporting, as well as to create a legal mechanism for regulating accounting.

2. Accounting- formation of documented systematized information about the objects provided for by this Federal Law, in accordance with the requirements established by this Federal Law, and drawing up accounting (financial) statements on its basis.

Article 2. Scope of this Federal Law

1. This Federal Law applies to the following persons (hereinafter referred to as economic entities):

commercial and non-profit organizations;
state bodies, bodies local government, management bodies of state extra-budgetary funds and territorial state extra-budgetary funds;
central bank Russian Federation;
individual entrepreneurs, as well as lawyers who have established law offices, notaries and other persons engaged in private practice (hereinafter referred to as persons engaged in private practice);
branches, representative offices and other structural units organizations established in accordance with the legislation of foreign states, international organizations, their branches and representative offices located on the territory of the Russian Federation, unless otherwise provided by international treaties of the Russian Federation.

2. Real the federal law applied in the management budget accounting assets and liabilities of the Russian Federation, subjects of the Russian Federation and municipalities, transactions that change these assets and liabilities, as well as in the preparation of budget reporting.

3. This Federal Law shall apply when a trustee maintains accounting records of the property transferred to him for trust management and related accounting objects, as well as when maintaining, including one of the legal entities participating in a simple partnership agreement, accounting common property comrades and related objects of accounting.

4. This Federal Law shall apply in the course of accounting in the process of fulfilling a production sharing agreement, unless otherwise established by Federal Law No. 225-FZ of December 30, 1995 "On Production Sharing Agreements".

5. This Federal Law shall not apply when creating the information necessary for the preparation by an economic entity of reporting for internal purposes, reporting submitted to a credit institution in accordance with its requirements, as well as reporting for other purposes, if the legislation of the Russian Federation and the rules adopted in accordance with it the preparation of such reports does not provide for the application of this Federal Law.

Article 3. Basic concepts used in this Federal Law

For the purposes of this Federal Law, the following basic concepts are used:

accounting (financial) reporting- information on financial position economic entity at the reporting date, financial result its activities and movement Money for the reporting period, systematized in accordance with the requirements established by this Federal Law;
authorized federal agency- the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation to carry out the functions of developing public policy and legal regulation in the field of accounting and financial statements;
accounting standard - a document that establishes the minimum necessary requirements for accounting, as well as acceptable methods of accounting;
international standard- an accounting standard, the application of which is a custom in international business, regardless of the specific name of such a standard;
chart of accounts of accounting - a systematic list of accounts of accounting;
reporting period - the period for which accounting (financial) statements are prepared;
head of an economic entity - a person who is the sole executive body of an economic entity, or a person responsible for managing the affairs of an economic entity, or a manager to whom the functions of a sole executive body have been transferred;
fact economic life- a transaction, event, operation that have or are able to have an impact on the financial position of an economic entity, the financial result of its activities and (or) cash flow;
organizations public sector- state (municipal) institutions, state academies sciences, state bodies, local governments, management bodies of state extra-budgetary funds, management bodies of territorial state extra-budgetary funds.

Article 4. Legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting

The legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting consists of this Federal Law, other federal laws and regulatory legal acts adopted in accordance with them.

Chapter 2. General requirements for accounting

Article 5. Objects of accounting

The objects of accounting of an economic entity are:

facts of economic life;
assets;
obligations;
sources of funding for its activities;
income;
costs;
other objects if it is established by federal standards.

Article 6. Obligation to keep accounting records

1. An economic entity is obliged to keep accounting records in accordance with this Federal Law, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law.

2. Accounting in accordance with this Federal Law may not lead:

an individual entrepreneur, a person engaged in private practice - if, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees, they keep records of income or income and expenses and (or) other objects of taxation in the manner established by this legislation;
a branch, representative office or other structural subdivision of an organization established in accordance with the legislation of a foreign state located on the territory of the Russian Federation - if, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees, they keep records of income and expenses and (or) other objects of taxation in the manner prescribed by the said legislation.

3. Accounting is kept continuously from dates state registration until the date of termination of activities as a result of reorganization or liquidation.

4. Organizations that have received the status of participants in a project for the implementation of research, development and commercialization of their results in accordance with Federal Law No. 244-FZ of September 28, 2010 "On the Skolkovo Innovation Center" have the right to apply simplified accounting methods, including simplified accounting (financial) reporting established for small businesses.

Article 7. Organization of accounting

1. Accounting and storage of accounting documents shall be organized by the head of an economic entity.

2. In the event that an individual entrepreneur, a person engaged in private practice, keep accounting in accordance with this Federal Law, they themselves organize accounting and storage of accounting documents, and also bear other obligations established by this Federal Law for the head of an economic subject.

3. The head of an economic entity, with the exception of a credit organization, shall be obliged to entrust bookkeeping to the chief accountant or other official of this entity, or to conclude an agreement on the provision of accounting services. The head of a credit organization is obliged to entrust accounting to the chief accountant. The head of a small and medium-sized business may take over the accounting.

The provisions of paragraph 4 of Article 7 shall not apply to persons on whom, as of the day in force this document entrusted with accounting (of this document).

4. Open joint-stock companies(with the exception of credit organizations), insurance organizations and non-governmental pension funds, joint-stock investment funds, management companies of mutual investment funds, in other economic entities, securities which are allowed to be traded stock exchanges and (or) other organizers of trade in the securities market (with the exception of credit institutions), in the management bodies of state extra-budgetary funds, in the management bodies of state territorial extra-budgetary funds Chief Accountant or another official who is responsible for accounting, must meet the following requirements:

have a higher professional education;
have work experience related to accounting, preparation of accounting (financial) statements or audit activities, at least three years out of the last five calendar years, and in the absence of higher professional education in the specialties of accounting and audit - at least five years out of the last seven calendar years;
not have an unexpunged or outstanding conviction for economic crimes.

5. Additional requirements for the chief accountant or other official responsible for accounting may be established by other federal laws.

The provisions of paragraph 6 of Article 7 shall not apply to persons who, as of today, by virtue of this document, are entrusted with accounting (this document).

6. An individual with whom an economic entity enters into an agreement on the provision of accounting services must comply with the requirements established by part 4 this article. A legal entity with which an economic entity enters into an agreement on the provision of accounting services must have at least one employee who meets the requirements established by paragraph 4 of this article, with whom employment contract.

7. The chief accountant of a credit institution must meet the requirements established by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

8. In the event of disagreements regarding the maintenance of accounting between the head of an economic entity and the chief accountant or other official who is entrusted with the maintenance of accounting, or a person with whom an agreement on the provision of accounting services has been concluded:

the data contained in the primary accounting document are accepted (not accepted) by the chief accountant or other official who is entrusted with accounting, or by the person with whom the contract for the provision of accounting services has been concluded, for registration and accumulation in accounting registers by written order of the head of the economic entity, who is solely responsible for the information created as a result of this;
the accounting object is reflected (not reflected) by the chief accountant or other official who is entrusted with accounting, or by the person with whom the contract for the provision of accounting services has been concluded, in the accounting (financial) statements on the basis of a written order of the head of the economic entity , which is solely responsible for the reliability of the presentation of the financial position of the economic entity as of the reporting date, the financial result of its activities and cash flows for the reporting period.

Article 8. Accounting policy

1. The totality of ways of conducting accounting by an economic entity constitutes its accounting policy.

2. An economic entity independently forms its accounting policy, guided by the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting, federal and industry standards.

3. When forming an accounting policy in relation to a specific accounting object, a method of accounting is selected from the methods allowed by federal standards.

4. If federal standards do not establish a method of accounting for a particular accounting object, such a method is independently developed based on the requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting, federal and (or) industry standards.

5. Accounting policies must be applied consistently from year to year.

6. Changes in accounting policies may be made under the following conditions:

changing the requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting, federal and (or) industry standards;
development or selection of a new method of accounting, the use of which leads to an increase in the quality of information about the object of accounting;
a significant change in the conditions of activity of an economic entity.

7. In order to ensure comparability of the accounting (financial) statements for a number of years, the accounting policy is changed from the beginning of the reporting year, unless otherwise stipulated by the reason for such a change.

Article 9. Primary accounting documents

1. Each fact of economic life is subject to registration by the primary accounting document.

2. Mandatory details of the primary accounting document are:

Title of the document;
date of preparation of the document;
the name of the economic entity that prepared the document;
the content of the fact of economic life;
the value of the natural and (or) monetary measurement of the fact of economic life, indicating the units of measurement;
the title of the position of the person (persons) who made (completed) the transaction, operation and responsible (responsible) for the correctness of its execution, or the title of the position of the person (persons) responsible (responsible) for the correctness of registration of the event;
signatures of the persons provided for in paragraph 6 of this part, indicating their surnames and initials or other details necessary to identify these persons.

3. The primary accounting document must be drawn up at the time of the fact of economic life, and if this is not possible, immediately after its completion.

4. Forms of primary accounting documents shall be approved by the head of an economic entity on the proposal of an official who is entrusted with accounting. Forms of primary accounting documents for public sector organizations are established in accordance with the budget legislation of the Russian Federation.

5. The primary accounting document is compiled on paper and (or) in the form of an electronic document signed with an electronic signature.

6. If the legislation of the Russian Federation or the agreement provides for the submission of a primary accounting document to another person or to a state body on paper, an economic entity is obliged, at the request of another person or state body, at its own expense, to make hard copies of the primary accounting document drawn up in form of an electronic document.

7. Corrections are allowed in the primary accounting document, unless otherwise established by federal laws or regulatory legal acts bodies state regulation accounting. The correction in the primary accounting document must contain the date of the correction, as well as the signatures of the persons who drew up the document in which the correction was made, indicating their surnames and initials or other details necessary to identify these persons.

8. If, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, primary accounting documents, including in the form of an electronic document, are withdrawn, copies of the withdrawn documents made in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation are included in accounting documents.

Article 10. Accounting registers

1. Data contained in primary accounting documents are subject to timely registration and accumulation in accounting registers.

2. Omissions or withdrawals are not allowed when registering accounting objects in accounting registers.

3. Accounting is maintained through double entry on accounting accounts, unless otherwise established by federal standards.

4. Mandatory details of the accounting register are:

name of the register;
the name of the economic entity that compiled the register;
date of beginning and end of maintaining the register and (or) the period for which the register was drawn up;
chronological and (or) systematic grouping of accounting objects;
the value of the monetary measurement of accounting objects, indicating the unit of measurement;
the names of the positions of persons responsible for maintaining the register;
signatures of persons responsible for maintaining the register, indicating their surnames and initials or other details necessary to identify these persons.

5. Forms of accounting registers are approved by the head of an economic entity on the proposal of an official who is entrusted with accounting. Forms of accounting registers for public sector organizations are established in accordance with the budget legislation of the Russian Federation.

6. The accounting register is compiled on paper and (or) in the form of an electronic document signed with an electronic signature.

7. If the legislation of the Russian Federation or an agreement provides for the submission of an accounting register to another person or to a state body on paper, an economic entity is obliged, at the request of another person or state body, to make, at its own expense, on paper copies of the accounting register drawn up in form of an electronic document.

8. In the accounting register, corrections are not allowed that are not authorized by the persons responsible for maintaining the said register. Correction in the accounting register must contain the date of correction, as well as the signatures of the persons responsible for maintaining this register, indicating their surnames and initials or other details necessary to identify these persons.

9. If, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, accounting registers are withdrawn, including in the form of an electronic document, copies of the withdrawn registers made in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation are included in accounting documents.

Article 11. Inventory of assets and liabilities

1. Assets and liabilities are subject to inventory.

2. During the inventory, the actual presence of the relevant objects is revealed, which is compared with the data of accounting registers.

3. The cases, terms and procedure for conducting an inventory, as well as the list of objects subject to inventory, are determined by the economic entity, with the exception of the mandatory inventory. Mandatory holding inventory is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, federal and industry standards.

4. The discrepancies revealed during the inventory between the actual availability of objects and the data of accounting registers are subject to registration in accounting in the reporting period to which the date as of which the inventory is carried out.

Article 12. Monetary measurement of accounting objects

1. Objects of accounting are subject to monetary measurement.

2. Monetary measurement of accounting items is carried out in the currency of the Russian Federation.

3. Unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, the cost of accounting items, expressed in foreign currency, is subject to conversion into the currency of the Russian Federation.

Article 13. General requirements for accounting (financial) reporting

1. Accounting (financial) statements should give a reliable idea of the financial position of the economic entity as of the reporting date, the financial result of its activities and the cash flow for the reporting period, which is necessary for the users of these statements to accept economic decisions.

2. An economic entity draws up annual accounting (financial) statements, unless otherwise established by other federal laws, regulatory legal acts of the bodies of state regulation of accounting.

3. Annual accounting (financial) statements are prepared for the reporting year.

4. Interim accounting (financial) statements are prepared by an economic entity in cases established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts of state accounting regulatory bodies.

5. Interim accounting (financial) statements are prepared for a reporting period less than a reporting year.

6. Accounting (financial) statements must include performance indicators of all divisions of an economic entity, including its branches and representative offices, regardless of their location.

7. Accounting (financial) statements are prepared in the currency of the Russian Federation.

8. Accounting (financial) statements are considered to be drawn up after signing a hard copy of it by the head of the economic entity.

11. With regard to accounting (financial) statements, a regime cannot be established trade secret.

12. Legal regulation consolidated financial reporting carried out in accordance with this Federal Law, unless otherwise provided by other federal laws.

Article 14. Composition of accounting (financial) statements

1. Annual accounting (financial) statements, with the exception of cases established by this Federal Law, consist of a balance sheet, a statement of financial results and annexes thereto.

2. The annual accounting (financial) statements of a non-profit organization, with the exception of cases established by this Federal Law and other federal laws, consist of a balance sheet, a report on intended use tools and their applications.

3. The composition of interim accounting (financial) statements, with the exception of cases established by this Federal Law, is established by federal standards.

4. The composition of the accounting (financial) statements of public sector organizations is established in accordance with the budgetary legislation of the Russian Federation.

5. Composition of accounting (financial) statements Central Bank The Russian Federation is established by Federal Law No. 86-FZ of July 10, 2002 "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)".

Article 15. Reporting period, reporting date

1. The reporting period for annual accounting (financial) statements (reporting year) is a calendar year - from January 1 to December 31 inclusive, except for cases of creation, reorganization and liquidation of a legal entity.

The provision of paragraph 2 of Article 15 shall not apply when changing the type of state (municipal) institution (of this document).

2. The first reporting year is the period from the date of state registration of an economic entity to December 31 of the same calendar year inclusive, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law and (or) federal standards.

3. If the state registration of an economic entity, with the exception of a credit institution, is made after September 30, the first reporting year is, unless otherwise established by the economic entity, the period from the date of state registration to December 31 of the calendar year following the year of its state registration , inclusive.

4. The reporting period for interim accounting (financial) statements is the period from January 1 to the reporting date of the period for which interim accounting (financial) statements are prepared, inclusive.

5. The first reporting period for interim accounting (financial) statements is the period from the date of state registration of an economic entity to the reporting date of the period for which interim accounting (financial) statements are prepared, inclusive.

6. The date on which the accounting (financial) statements are prepared (reporting date) is the last calendar day of the reporting period, except for cases of reorganization and liquidation of a legal entity.

Article 16

1. The last reporting year for a reorganized legal entity, except for cases of reorganization in the form of affiliation, is the period from January 1 of the year in which the state registration of the last of the resulting legal entities was carried out until the date of such state registration.

2. When a legal entity is reorganized in the form of affiliation, the last reporting year for a legal entity that is merging with another legal entity is the period from January 1 of the year in which an entry was made in the Unified State Register legal entities on the termination of the activities of the affiliated legal entity, before the date of its introduction.

3. The reorganized legal entity shall draw up the last accounting (financial) statements as of the date preceding the date of state registration of the last of the legal entities that have arisen (the date of making an entry in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities on the termination of the activities of the affiliated legal entity).

4. The latest accounting (financial) statements must include data on the facts of economic life that took place in the period from the date of approval deed of transfer(separation balance sheet) until the date of state registration of the last of the resulting legal entities (the date of making an entry in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities on the termination of the activities of the affiliated legal entity).

5. The first reporting year for a legal entity that has arisen as a result of reorganization, with the exception of public sector organizations, is the period from the date of its state registration to December 31 of the year in which the reorganization took place, inclusive, unless otherwise established by federal standards.

6. A legal entity that has arisen as a result of reorganization, with the exception of public sector organizations, must draw up the first accounting (financial) statements as of the date of its state registration, unless otherwise established by federal standards.

7. The first accounting (financial) statements are drawn up on the basis of the approved transfer act (separation balance sheet) and data on the facts of economic life that took place in the period from the date of approval of the transfer act (separation balance sheet) to the date of state registration of legal entities arising as a result of the reorganization, for with the exception of public sector organizations (the date of making an entry in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities on the termination of the activities of the affiliated legal entity).

8. The procedure for compiling accounting (financial) statements of a public sector organization that has arisen as a result of reorganization is established by the authorized federal body.

Article 17

1. The reporting year for a legal entity in liquidation is the period from January 1 of the year in which an entry on liquidation was made in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities until the date of making such an entry.

2. The last accounting (financial) statements of a liquidated legal entity shall be drawn up by a liquidation commission (liquidator) or by an arbitration manager if the legal entity is liquidated as a result of being declared bankrupt.

3. The latest accounting (financial) statements are drawn up on the date preceding the date of making an entry on the liquidation of a legal entity in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities.

4. The latest accounting (financial) statements are compiled on the basis of the approved liquidation balance sheet and data on the facts of economic life that took place in the period from the date of approval of the liquidation balance sheet to the date of making an entry on the liquidation of the legal entity in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities.

Article 18. Mandatory copy of accounting (financial) statements

1. Economic entities obliged to prepare accounting (financial) statements, with the exception of organizations of the public sector and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, submit one mandatory copy of the annual accounting (financial) statements to the state statistics body at the place of state registration.

2. A mandatory copy of the prepared annual accounting (financial) statements shall be submitted no later than three months after the end of the reporting period.

3. Mandatory copies of accounting (financial) statements constitute the state information resource. Interested parties are provided with access to the specified state information resource, except for cases when, in the interests of maintaining state secrets, such access should be limited.

4. The procedure for submitting a mandatory copy of the accounting (financial) statements, as well as the rules for using (including the fee for using, unless otherwise provided by other federal laws) the state information resource provided for by Part 3 of this article are approved by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of state statistical activity.

Article 19. Internal control

1. An economic entity is obliged to organize and exercise internal control over the facts of economic life.

2. An economic entity whose accounting (financial) statements are subject to mandatory audit, is obliged to organize and exercise internal control over accounting and preparation of accounting (financial) statements (except for cases when its head has assumed the responsibility for accounting).

Chapter 3. Accounting regulation

Article 20. Principles of accounting regulation

Accounting regulation is carried out in accordance with the following principles:

compliance of federal and industry standards with the needs of users of accounting (financial) statements, as well as the level of development of science and accounting practice;
unity of the system of accounting requirements;
simplifying accounting methods, including simplified accounting (financial) reporting, for small businesses and certain forms of non-profit organizations;
application of international standards as the basis for the development of federal and industry standards;
providing conditions for the uniform application of federal and industry standards;
the inadmissibility of combining powers to approve federal standards and state control(supervision) in the field of accounting.

Article 21. Documents in the field of accounting regulation

1. Documents in the field of accounting regulation include:

federal standards;
industry standards;
2.1.) regulations the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, provided for by part 6 of this article;
recommendations in the field of accounting;
economic subject standards.

2. Federal and industry standards are mandatory, unless otherwise provided by these standards.

3. Federal standards regardless of type economic activity install:

definitions and attributes of accounting objects, the procedure for their classification, the conditions for their acceptance for accounting and writing them off in accounting;
permissible methods of monetary measurement of accounting objects;
the procedure for recalculating the cost of accounting items expressed in foreign currency into the currency of the Russian Federation for accounting purposes;
requirements for accounting policies, including the definition of the conditions for its change, inventory of assets and liabilities, accounting documents and workflow in accounting, including types of electronic signatures used to sign accounting documents;
chart of accounts and the procedure for its application, with the exception of charts of accounts for credit institutions and non-credit financial institutions and the procedure for their application;
composition, content and procedure for the formation of information disclosed in the accounting (financial) statements, including samples of forms of accounting (financial) statements, as well as the composition of annexes to balance sheet and the report on financial results and the composition of the appendices to the balance sheet and the report on the intended use of funds;
the conditions under which the accounting (financial) statements give a reliable idea of the financial position of the economic entity as of the reporting date, the financial result of its activities and the cash flow for the reporting period;
the composition of the last and first accounting (financial) statements during the reorganization of a legal entity, the procedure for its preparation and the monetary measurement of objects in it;
the composition of the latest accounting (financial) statements upon liquidation of a legal entity, the procedure for its preparation and the monetary measurement of objects in it;
simplified methods of accounting, including simplified accounting (financial) reporting, for small businesses.

4. Federal standards may establish special accounting requirements (including accounting policy, accounting chart of accounts and the procedure for its application) of organizations in the public sector, as well as accounting requirements for certain types of economic activity.

5. Industry standards establish features of the application of federal standards in certain types economic activity.

6. Charts of Accounts for Credit Institutions and Non-Credit Financial Institutions and the Procedure for Their Application, the Procedure for Recording Individual Accounting Objects in the Accounts and Grouping Accounts in Accordance with the Indicators of the Accounting (Financial) Statements of Credit Institutions and Non-Credit Financial Institutions, Forms disclosure of information in the accounting (financial) statements of credit institutions and non-credit financial institutions are established by the regulations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

7. Recommendations in the field of accounting are adopted in order to correctly apply federal and industry standards, reduce the cost of organizing accounting, as well as disseminate best practices in organizing and maintaining accounting, the results of research and development in the field of accounting.

9. Recommendations in the field of accounting may be adopted regarding the procedure for applying federal and industry standards, forms of accounting documents, with the exception of those established by federal and industry standards, organizational forms accounting, organization accounting services economic entities, accounting technologies, procedures for organizing and implementing internal control their activities and accounting, as well as the procedure for the development of standards by these persons.

11. The standards of an economic entity are intended to streamline the organization and maintain its accounting records.

12. The necessity and procedure for developing, approving, changing and canceling the standards of an economic entity are established by this entity independently.

13. Economic entity standards apply likewise and equally by all divisions of the economic entity, including its branches and representative offices, regardless of their location.

14. An economic entity that has subsidiaries is entitled to develop and approve its own standards that are mandatory for use by such companies. The standards of the specified entity, which are mandatory for application by the parent company and its subsidiaries, must not create obstacles for such companies to carry out their activities.

15. Federal and industry standards and the regulations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation provided for by Part 6 of this Article shall not contradict this Federal Law. Industry standards and the regulations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation provided for by part 6 of this article must not contradict federal standards. Recommendations in the field of accounting, as well as the standards of an economic entity, must not contradict federal, industry standards and those provided for in part 6 of this article. regulations Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

16. Federal and industry standards, as well as the federal standards development program are approved by regulatory legal acts in in due course subject to the provisions of this Federal Law.

17. Documents for the organization and maintenance of accounting by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, including the chart of accounts of accounting and the procedure for its application, are approved in the manner established by Federal Law No. 86-FZ of July 10, 2002 "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank Russia)".

Article 22. Subjects of accounting regulation

1. Bodies of state regulation of accounting in the Russian Federation are the authorized federal body and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

2. Regulation of accounting in the Russian Federation can also be carried out by self-regulatory organizations, including self-regulatory organizations of entrepreneurs, other users of accounting (financial) statements, auditors interested in participating in the regulation of accounting, as well as their associations and unions and other non-profit organizations, pursuing the goals of the development of accounting (hereinafter - the subjects of non-state regulation of accounting).

Article 23. Functions of bodies of state regulation of accounting

1. Authorized federal body:

approves the program for the development of federal standards in the manner prescribed by this Federal Law;
approves federal standards and, within its competence, industry standards and generalizes the practice of their application;
organizes the examination of draft accounting standards;
approves the requirements for the design of draft accounting standards;
participates in the prescribed manner in the development of international standards;
represents the Russian Federation in international organizations operating in the field of accounting and accounting (financial) reporting;

2. The Central Bank of the Russian Federation, within its competence:

develops and approves industry standards and the regulations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation provided for by Part 6 of Article 21 of this Federal Law and summarizes the practice of applying these standards and regulations;
participates in the preparation and coordinates the program for the development of federal standards;
participates in the examination of draft federal standards;
participates together with the authorized federal body in the prescribed manner in the development of international standards;
performs other functions provided for by this Federal Law and other federal laws.

Article 24. Functions of the subject of non-state regulation of accounting

Subject of non-state regulation of accounting:

develops draft federal standards, conducts a public discussion of these drafts and submits them to the authorized federal body;
participates in the preparation of the federal standards development program;
participates in the examination of draft accounting standards;
ensures the compliance of the draft federal standard with the international standard on the basis of which the draft federal standard is developed;
develops and adopts recommendations in the field of accounting;
develops proposals for improving accounting standards;
participates in the development of international standards.

1. To conduct an examination of draft federal standards, an accounting standards council is created under the authorized federal body.

2. The Accounting Standards Board conducts an examination of draft federal standards for:

compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting;
compliance with the needs of users of accounting (financial) statements, as well as the level of development of science and accounting practice;
ensuring the unity of the system of accounting requirements;
providing conditions for the uniform application of federal standards.

3. Bodies of state regulation of accounting in the relevant area of economic activity have the right to send draft industry standards received by them for approval or developed by them to the accounting standards council for examination of such projects.

4. Examination of draft industry standards is carried out in the manner established for the examination of draft federal standards.

5. The composition of the accounting standards council includes:

10 representatives of subjects of non-state regulation of accounting and the scientific community, of which at least three members are subject to rotation once every three years;

6. The composition of the accounting standards council is approved by the head of the authorized federal body. Proposals on candidates for members of the accounting standards council, with the exception of representatives of the authorized federal body, are submitted to the authorized federal body by subjects of non-state accounting regulation, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, scientific organizations and higher educational institutions.

7. Candidates for members of the Accounting Standards Board must have a higher professional education, an impeccable business (professional) reputation and experience professional activity in finance, accounting or auditing.

8. The chairman of the council for accounting standards is elected at the first meeting of the council from among the representatives of the subjects of non-state accounting regulation included in its composition. The chairman of the accounting standards board has at least two deputies.

9. The secretary of the council for accounting standards is a representative of the authorized federal body from among the members of the council.

10. Meetings of the accounting standards council are convened by its chairman, and in the absence of the chairman by an authorized deputy chairman as necessary, but at least once every three months. The meeting is considered competent if at least two thirds of the members of the accounting standards council are present.

11. Decisions of the council on accounting standards are made by a simple majority of votes of the members of the council participating in its meeting.

12. Meetings of the Accounting Standards Board are public.

13. Information about the activities of the accounting standards board should be open and publicly available.

14. The regulation on the accounting standards council is approved by the authorized federal body. The regulations of the accounting standards council are approved by this council independently at the first meeting.

Article 26

1. Federal standards are developed and approved in accordance with the federal standards development program.

2. Bodies of state regulation of accounting and subjects of non-state regulation of accounting submit proposals on the program for the development of federal standards to the authorized federal body.

3. The authorized federal body approves the program for the development of federal standards in agreement with the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

4. The program for the development of federal standards must be revised annually in order to ensure that federal standards comply with the needs of users of accounting (financial) statements with international standards, the level of development of science and accounting practice.

5. The authorized federal body shall ensure that the federal standards development program is available to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, subjects of non-state regulation and other interested parties (hereinafter referred to as interested parties) for familiarization.

6. The rules for the preparation and clarification of the program for the development of federal standards are approved by the authorized federal body.

Article 27. Development and approval of federal standards

1. The developer of the federal standard (hereinafter - the developer) can be any subject of non-state regulation of accounting.

2. Notification of the development of a federal standard shall be sent by the developer to the authorized federal body, published in a printed publication determined by the authorized federal body (hereinafter referred to as the printed publication), and posted on the official websites of the authorized federal body and the developer in the information and telecommunications network "Internet" (hereinafter - Internet").

3. Not later than 10 working days after the date of publication of the notice of the development of the federal standard in the printed edition, the developer publishes the draft federal standard in the printed edition and places it on his official website on the Internet. The draft federal standard, posted on the official website of the developer on the Internet, should be available for review without charging a fee. The developer is obliged, at the request of the interested person, to provide him with a copy of the draft federal standard on paper. The fee charged by the developer for providing the specified copy on paper cannot exceed the costs of its production and shipment. No fee shall be charged for providing the said copy to state accounting regulation bodies and subjects of non-state accounting regulation.

4. From the date of publication of the draft federal standard in a printed publication, the developer conducts a public discussion of the federal standard. The term for public discussion of a draft federal standard cannot be less than three months after the day of publication of the said draft in a printed publication. Notification of the completion of the public discussion of the draft federal standard shall be sent by the developer to the authorized federal body, published in a print publication and posted on the official websites of the authorized federal body and the developer on the Internet.

5. During the period of public discussion of the draft federal standard, the developer:

accepts from stakeholders comments in writing. The developer cannot refuse to accept comments in writing;
discusses the draft federal standard and comments received in writing;
draws up a list of comments received in writing, with a summary of the content of such comments and the results of their discussion;
finalizes the draft federal standard taking into account the comments received in writing.

6. The developer is obliged to keep the comments received in writing until the approval of the federal standard and submit them to the authorized federal body upon his request.

7. The finalized draft of the federal standard is published by the developer in the same printed edition no later than 10 working days after the day of publication of the notice of completion of the public discussion of the draft federal standard in a printed publication. At the same time, the developer posts on his official website on the Internet a revised draft of the federal standard and a list of comments received in writing from interested parties. These documents posted on the official website of the developer on the Internet should be available for review without charging a fee.

9. The finalized draft of the federal standard, together with a list of comments received in writing from interested parties, is submitted by the developer to the authorized federal body, which organizes the examination of this draft.

10. The Accounting Standards Board prepares, within a period of not more than two months from the date of submission by the developer of the draft federal standard, a reasoned proposal to accept such a draft for approval or to reject it on the basis of the documents specified in Part 9 of this Article and taking into account the results of the examination. Such a proposal, together with the documents specified in part 9 of this article and the results of the examination, shall be sent to the authorized federal body.

11. The authorized federal body, on the basis of the documents submitted by the accounting standards council, within a period of not more than one month, accepts the draft federal standard for approval or rejects it. The draft federal standard accepted for approval is prepared and approved by the authorized federal body in accordance with the established procedure.

12. A draft federal standard proposed by the accounting standards council for adoption may be rejected if it does not comply with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

13. If the draft federal standard is rejected, a reasoned decision of the authorized federal body with the attachment of the documents specified in Part 9 of this Article shall be sent to the developer of the draft federal standard within a period of not more than 10 working days after the date of adoption of such a decision.

14. Amendments to the federal standard or its cancellation are carried out in the manner established by this article. Amendments to the federal standard due to changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation may be made at the initiative of the authorized federal body.

Article 28. Development of federal standards by the authorized federal body

1. The authorized federal body develops federal standards:

for public sector organizations;
in the event that not a single subject of non-state regulation of accounting assumes the obligation to develop a federal standard provided for by the approved program for the development of federal standards.

2. The development of the federal standard by the authorized federal body is carried out in the manner established by this Federal Law.

Chapter 4. Final Provisions

Article 29. Storage of accounting documents

1. Primary accounting documents, accounting registers, accounting (financial) statements are subject to storage by an economic entity for the periods established in accordance with the rules for organizing state archiving, but not less than five years after the reporting year.

2. Accounting policy documents, standards of an economic entity, other documents related to the organization and maintenance of accounting, including tools that ensure the reproduction of electronic documents, as well as authentication electronic signature, are subject to storage by an economic entity for at least five years after the year in which they were used for the preparation of accounting (financial) statements for the last time.

3. An economic entity must provide safe conditions for storing accounting documents and protect them from changes.

Article 30

1.1. Accounting regulations approved by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation in the period from October 1, 1998 until the day this Federal Law enters into force shall be recognized as federal standards for the purposes of this Federal Law. At the same time, the requirement established by the second sentence of Part 15 of Article 21 of this Federal Law that industry standards and the regulatory acts of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation provided for by Part 6 of Article 21 of this Federal Law shall not contradict federal standards shall not apply to these provisions.

2. The provisions of parts 4 and this Federal Law shall not apply to persons who, as of the day this Federal Law enters into force, are entrusted with accounting.

3. The provision of this Federal Law shall not apply when changing the type of state (municipal) institution.

Article 31

Recognize invalid:

Federal Law No. 129-FZ of November 21, 1996 "On Accounting" (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1996, No. 48, Art. 5369);
Federal Law No. 123-FZ of July 23, 1998 "On Amendments and Additions to the Federal Law "On Accounting" (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1998, No. 30, Art. 3619);
Federal Law No. 32-FZ of March 28, 2002 "On Amendments and Additions to the Federal Law "On Accounting" (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2002, No. 13, Art. 1179);
Article 9 of the Federal Law of December 31, 2002 N 187-FZ "On the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Part Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and Certain Other Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2003, N 1, Art. 2);
Article 3 of the Federal Law of December 31, 2002 N 191-FZ "On the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to Chapters 22, 24, 25, 26.2, 26.3 and 27 of Part Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and Certain Other Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2003, N 1, item 6);
Clause 7 of Article 2 of Federal Law No. 8-FZ of January 10, 2003 "On Introducing Amendments and Additions to the Law of the Russian Federation "On Employment of the Population in the Russian Federation" and Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation on Financing Measures to Promote Employment of the Population" (Meeting legislation of the Russian Federation, 2003, N 2, item 160);
Article 23 of the Federal Law of June 30, 2003 N 86-FZ "On the introduction of amendments and additions to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation, the recognition of certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation as invalid, the provision of certain guarantees to employees of internal affairs bodies, bodies for controlling the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and abolished federal bodies tax police in connection with the implementation of measures to improve government controlled"(Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2003, N 27, Art. 2700);
Article 2 of Federal Law No. 183-FZ of November 3, 2006 "On Amendments to the Federal Law "On Agricultural Cooperation" and Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2006, No. 45, Art. 4635);
article 32 of the Federal Law of November 23, 2009 N 261-FZ "On Energy Saving and on Increasing Energy Efficiency and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2009, N 48, Art. 5711);
Article 12 of the Federal Law of May 8, 2010 N 83-FZ "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Improvement legal status state (municipal) institutions" (Sobraniye zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2010, N 19, item 2291);
Federal Law No. 209-FZ of July 27, 2010 "On Amendments to Article 16 of the Federal Law "On Accounting" (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2010, No. 31, Art. 4178);
Article 4 of the Federal Law of September 28, 2010 N 243-FZ "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Adoption of the Federal Law "On the Skolkovo Innovation Center" (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2010, N 40, Art. 4969 ).

Article 32. Entry into force of this Federal Law

The president
Russian Federation
D. MEDVEDEV
Moscow Kremlin
December 6, 2011
N 402-FZ

The key legislative act in the Russian legal field that regulates the procedure and features of accounting is. Often, many practicing accountants ask a quite reasonable question: were there any changes made to the said law last year? Fortunately, throughout 2015, the domestic legislator did not introduce a single amendment to Law No. 402-FZ, but do not forget that they were introduced there by parliamentarians a year earlier through the adoption of Law No. 334-FZ.

No. 402 - Federal Law on Accounting 2016: latest changes.

Legislative act No. 334-FZ amended four articles of the law “On Accounting” at once: 6, 7, 27 and 30.

Art. 6.

In this article we are talking on simplified accounting methods. Among other things, in the updated version of the article, a clarification appeared that the list of entities that have the right to keep records in a simplified way can be clarified by amending this article. In connection with this circumstance, Part 5 of Art. 6 was set out in a new edition, in accordance with which from now on it now contains a list of business entities that are not entitled to keep simplified accounting. These currently include:

ZhSK and housing cooperatives;
public sector institutions;
commercial structures whose reporting in without fail subject to audit;
political parties;
consumer cooperatives(credit), including agricultural;
bar associations, chambers and bureaus;
notary chambers;
non-profit organizations that are foreign agents.

Art. 7.

This article is devoted to the peculiarities of accounting by economic entities. Updated version of Part 3 of Art. 7 of the law provides for the possibility of independent accounting by the head of an economic entity, which is entitled to use simplified accounting methods in its activities, with the exception of business entities specified in Part 5 of Art. 6 (see above).

Art. 27.

Article 27 establishes the procedure for the development and approval of federal standards. By Law No. 334-FZ, it was supplemented by part 15, according to which the examination of draft industry standards should be carried out by the accounting standards council in accordance with the rules established for the examination of federal standards. The list of these rules is contained in parts 9–13 of the same article.

Art. thirty.

This article is devoted to the peculiarities of the application of the law "On Accounting". According to the previous wording of part 1 of this article, the executive authorities and the Bank of Russia, prior to the adoption of the relevant industry and federal standards, were authorized to independently approve the rules for maintaining accounting and compiling the reporting required in such cases. In the updated version of Part 1 of Art. 30 to this authority was added one more thing - the executive authorities and the Central Bank were given the right to make changes to the rules of accounting and reporting approved by them.

Simply put, the need to adopt this amendment was due, first of all, to the peculiarities of the legislative technique, so for practicing accountants it almost does not matter.

Law 402-FZ "On Accounting" was approved in order to establish uniform requirements for maintaining financial and business documents of enterprises. This normative act establishes the legal mechanism for regulating this sphere. The document formulates the key requirements for reporting.

402-FZ "On Accounting": scope

The regulation applies to:

Non-profit and commercial enterprises.
government agencies, territorial structures self-government, administrative apparatus of state and local non-budgetary funds.
Individual entrepreneurs, notaries, lawyers who have created offices, and other persons engaged in private practice.
Representative offices and other structural subdivisions of companies established under the laws foreign countries, international organizations and their branches located on the territory of the Russian Federation, unless otherwise established by interstate agreements.

Application features

Law 402-FZ "On Accounting" is used when maintaining financial and business papers by a trustee for the property transferred to him and objects associated with it. It is also applied within the framework of the activities of a simple partnership and other economic entities. Fundamentals 402-FZ "On Accounting" is used in the preparation of financial and economic documentation in the course of the execution of a production sharing agreement, unless otherwise provided for in regulatory act No. 225.

Key Concepts

402-FZ "On Accounting" uses special definitions. They should be known to the employee who draws up financial and economic documentation at the enterprise. These concepts include:

Accounting reporting. It is a document containing information about financial condition business entity on a specific date, the results of its economic activity, the movement of funds for certain period. Reporting is systematized in accordance with the requirements established by the law in question.
Authorized body. It is an executive structure endowed by the Government with the authority to carry out the functions of developing state policy and regulatory regulation in the field of accounting and reporting.
Standard. It is a document that establishes minimum requirements to the account, admissible methods of its conducting. The standard can be national or international.
Chart of accounts - a systematic list of accounting items.
Head of a business entity. It is a person who is the sole executive body of the enterprise or a manager who has been delegated the appropriate powers. A manager may be a person responsible for the conduct of business in an organization.
Reporting period - the time period for which accounting documentation is prepared.
Fact economic activity(life). It can be an event, operation, transaction that has or is capable of influencing the financial condition of the entity, the result of its economic activity or the movement of funds.

Objects

They are listed in Art. Chapter 5 2 of the normative act under consideration. This provision 402-FZ "On Accounting" establishes the following controlled objects:

Subject duty

402-FZ "On Accounting" prescribes to maintain financial and business documentation:

Individual entrepreneurs, private practitioners. For these entities, the obligation to draw up documentation is imputed if, according to the current regulatory acts on fees and taxes, they register expenses and incomes or other objects of taxation in the prescribed manner.
Representative offices, branches and other structural subdivisions of companies formed under foreign laws located within the territory of the Russian Federation. For these subjects, the condition given in the previous paragraph also applies.

402-FZ "On Accounting" prescribes the maintenance of financial and economic documentation from the moment of state registration and until the date of termination of the enterprise due to liquidation or reorganization.

Process Features

According to 402-FZ "On Accounting", the head of the subject is responsible for organizing the maintenance of financial and economic documentation and its storage. If a private practitioner or an individual entrepreneur registers expenses and incomes, they fill out the necessary paperwork on their own. Along with this, they are charged with other duties provided for the head of an economic entity. The manager of the enterprise should assign the functions of compiling documentation to the appropriate specialist. For this, an order is issued. 402-FZ "On Accounting" allows the conclusion of an agreement with a private company to provide the latter with relevant services to the enterprise. For a credit institution, a slightly different procedure applies. The head of such a company is obliged to assign the functions of reporting to the chief accountant. The manager of a small or medium-sized enterprise can carry out the preparation of documentation on his own.

Requirements for a specialist

The head of the economic entity must check the compliance of the level of professional training of the employee with the duties that he will perform. Only after that the director can sign the corresponding order. 402-FZ "On Accounting" establishes the following requirements for a specialist:

The presence of higher professional education.
No outstanding or unexpunged conviction for economic crime.
At least three years of work experience in the profession within the last five years. In the absence of higher vocational education, the employee's length of service must be at least five years out of the last seven.

Other federal laws regulating relations in the field of finance may establish additional requirements for a specialist. The legal entity with which the company enters into a contract for the provision of services must have at least one employee. However, it must meet the requirements listed above. The latter also applies to a private practitioner with whom an agreement is concluded for the provision of services for maintaining financial and economic documentation at the enterprise. The chief accountant in a credit institution must meet the requirements established by the Central Bank.

controversial points

Disagreements may arise between the head of the enterprise and the chief accountant or another person performing his duties on issues of reporting. In these cases, the information present in primary documentation accepted / not accepted by a specialist for registration and accumulation in registers by written order of the director. The latter is solely responsible for the data generated as a result of these actions. A similar rule applies to accounting items, on the reflection / non-recording of which a disputable situation arose.

THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

THE FEDERAL LAW

ABOUT ACCOUNTING

Chapter 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1

2. Accounting - the formation of documented systematized information about the objects provided for by this Federal Law, in accordance with the requirements established by this Federal Law, and the preparation of accounting (financial) statements on its basis.

Article 2. Scope of this Federal Law

1. This Federal Law applies to the following persons (hereinafter referred to as economic entities):

1) commercial and non-commercial organizations;

2) state bodies, local self-government bodies, management bodies of state extra-budgetary funds and territorial state extra-budgetary funds;

3) the Central Bank of the Russian Federation;

4) individual entrepreneurs, as well as lawyers who have established law offices, notaries and other persons engaged in private practice (hereinafter referred to as persons engaged in private practice);

5) branches, representative offices and other structural subdivisions of organizations established in accordance with the legislation of foreign states located on the territory of the Russian Federation, international organizations, their branches and representative offices located on the territory of the Russian Federation, unless otherwise provided by international treaties of the Russian Federation.

2. This Federal Law shall be applied when maintaining budget accounting of assets and liabilities of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities, transactions that change the said assets and liabilities, as well as when compiling budget reporting.

3. This Federal Law shall apply when a trustee maintains accounting records of the property transferred to him in trust management and related accounting objects, as well as when maintaining, including by one of the legal entities participating in a simple partnership agreement, accounting of the common property of partners and associated accounting items.

Article 3. Basic concepts used in this Federal Law

For the purposes of this Federal Law, the following basic concepts are used:

1) accounting (financial) statements - information on the financial position of an economic entity as of the reporting date, the financial result of its activities and cash flows for the reporting period, systematized in accordance with the requirements established by this Federal Law;

2) authorized federal body - a federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation to carry out the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of accounting and financial reporting;

3) accounting standard - a document that establishes the minimum necessary requirements for accounting, as well as acceptable methods of accounting;

4) international standard - an accounting standard, the application of which is a custom in international business, regardless of the specific name of such a standard;

5) chart of accounts of accounting - a systematized list of accounts of accounting;

6) reporting period - the period for which accounting (financial) statements are prepared;

7) head of an economic entity - a person who is the sole executive body of an economic entity, or a person responsible for managing the affairs of an economic entity, or a manager to whom the functions of a sole executive body have been transferred;

8) the fact of economic life - a transaction, event, operation that have or are able to have an impact on the financial position of an economic entity, the financial result of its activities and (or) cash flow;

9) organizations of the public sector - state (municipal) institutions, state bodies, local governments, management bodies of state extra-budgetary funds, management bodies of territorial state extra-budgetary funds. (as amended by Federal Law No. 149-FZ of May 23, 2016)

Article 4. Legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting

The legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting consists of this Federal Law, other federal laws and regulatory legal acts adopted in accordance with them.

Chapter 2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ACCOUNTING

Article 5. Objects of accounting

The objects of accounting of an economic entity are:

1) facts of economic life;

2) assets;

3) obligations;

4) sources of financing of its activities;

5) income;

6) expenses;

7) other objects if it is established by federal standards.

Article 6. Obligation to keep accounting records

1. An economic entity is obliged to keep accounting records in accordance with this Federal Law, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law.

2. Accounting in accordance with this Federal Law may not be kept:

1) an individual entrepreneur, a person engaged in private practice - if, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees, they keep records of income or income and expenses and (or) other objects of taxation, or physical indicators characterizing a certain type entrepreneurial activity; (as amended by Federal Law No. 292-FZ of November 2, 2013)

2) a branch, representative office or other structural subdivision of an organization established in accordance with the legislation of a foreign state located on the territory of the Russian Federation - if, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees, they keep records of income and expenses and (or) other objects of taxation in the manner prescribed by the said legislation.

3. Accounting is kept continuously from the date of state registration until the date of termination of activities as a result of reorganization or liquidation.

4. Simplified accounting methods, including simplified accounting (financial) statements, may be applied, unless otherwise provided by this article, to the following economic entities: (as amended by the Federal Laws of November 2, 2013 N 292-FZ, of November 4, 2014 N 344-FZ)

1) small businesses; (as amended by Federal Law No. 292-FZ of November 2, 2013)

2) non-profit organizations; (as amended by Federal Law No. 344-FZ of November 4, 2014)

3) organizations that have received the status of participants in the project for the implementation of research, development and commercialization of their results in accordance with the Federal Law of September 28, 2010 N 244-FZ "On the Skolkovo Innovation Center". (as amended by Federal Law No. 292-FZ of November 2, 2013)

5. Simplified methods of accounting, including simplified accounting (financial) reporting, do not apply to the following economic entities: (as amended by Federal Law No. 344-FZ of November 4, 2014)

1) organizations whose accounting (financial) statements are subject to mandatory audit in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation; (as amended by Federal Law No. 344-FZ of November 4, 2014)

2) housing and housing-construction cooperatives; (as amended by Federal Law No. 344-FZ of November 4, 2014)

3) credit consumer cooperatives (including agricultural credit consumer cooperatives); (as amended by Federal Law No. 344-FZ of November 4, 2014)

4) microfinance organizations; (as amended by Federal Law No. 344-FZ of November 4, 2014)

5) public sector organizations; (as amended by Federal Law No. 344-FZ of November 4, 2014)

6) political parties, their regional branches or other structural units; (as amended by Federal Law No. 344-FZ of November 4, 2014)

7) bar associations; (as amended by Federal Law No. 344-FZ of November 4, 2014)

8) law firms; (as amended by Federal Law No. 344-FZ of November 4, 2014)

9) legal advice; (as amended by Federal Law No. 344-FZ of November 4, 2014)

10) bar associations; (as amended by Federal Law No. 344-FZ of November 4, 2014)

11) notary chambers; (as amended by Federal Law No. 344-FZ of November 4, 2014)

12) non-profit organizations included in the register of non-profit organizations performing the functions of a foreign agent, provided for by Clause 10 of Article 13.1 of Federal Law No. 7-FZ of January 12, 1996 "On Non-Profit Organizations". (as amended by Federal Law No. 344-FZ of November 4, 2014)

Article 7. Organization of accounting

1. Accounting and storage of accounting documents shall be organized by the head of an economic entity.

3. The head of an economic entity is obliged to entrust accounting to the chief accountant or other official of this entity or to conclude an agreement on the provision of accounting services, unless otherwise provided by this part. The head of a credit organization is obliged to entrust accounting to the chief accountant. The head of an economic entity who, in accordance with this Federal Law, has the right to apply simplified accounting methods, including simplified accounting (financial) statements, as well as the head of a medium-sized business entity, with the exception of economic entities specified in Article 6 of this Federal Law, may accept accounting for yourself. (As amended by the Federal Laws of December 28, 2013 N 425-FZ, of November 4, 2014 N 344-FZ)

4. In open joint stock companies (except for credit organizations), insurance organizations and non-state pension funds, joint-stock investment funds, management companies of mutual investment funds, in other economic entities whose securities are admitted to circulation on organized trading (with the exception of credit organizations) , in the management bodies of state extra-budgetary funds, management bodies of state territorial extra-budgetary funds, the chief accountant or other official who is responsible for accounting must meet the following requirements: (as amended by Federal Law No. 251-FZ of July 23, 2013)

1) have higher education; (as amended by Federal Law No. 185-FZ of July 2, 2013)

2) have work experience related to accounting, preparation of accounting (financial) statements or audit activities, at least three years out of the last five calendar years, and in the absence of higher education in the field of accounting and audit - at least five years out of the last seven calendar years; (as amended by Federal Law No. 185-FZ of July 2, 2013)

3) not have an unexpunged or outstanding conviction for crimes in the field of economics.

5. Additional requirements for the chief accountant or other official responsible for accounting may be established by other federal laws.

6. An individual with whom an economic entity enters into an agreement on the provision of accounting services must comply with the requirements established by part 4 of this article. A legal entity with which an economic entity enters into an agreement on the provision of accounting services must have at least one employee who meets the requirements established by paragraph 4 of this article, with whom an employment contract has been concluded.

7. The chief accountant of a credit institution and the chief accountant of a non-credit financial institution must meet the requirements established by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. (as amended by Federal Law No. 251-FZ of July 23, 2013)

1) the data contained in the primary accounting document are accepted (not accepted) by the chief accountant or other official who is entrusted with accounting, or by the person with whom the contract for the provision of accounting services has been concluded, for registration and accumulation in registers accounting by written order of the head of the economic entity, which is solely responsible for the information created as a result of this;

2) the accounting object is reflected (not reflected) by the chief accountant or other official who is entrusted with accounting, or by the person with whom the contract for the provision of accounting services has been concluded, in the accounting (financial) statements on the basis of a written order of the head an economic entity that is solely responsible for the reliability of the presentation of the financial position of the economic entity as of the reporting date, the financial result of its activities and cash flows for the reporting period.

Article 8. Accounting policy

1. The totality of methods of conducting accounting by an economic entity constitutes its accounting policy.

2. An economic entity independently forms its accounting policy, guided by the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting, federal and industry standards.

3. When forming an accounting policy in relation to a specific accounting object, a method of accounting is selected from the methods allowed by federal standards.

5. Accounting policies must be applied consistently from year to year.

6. Changes in accounting policies may be made under the following conditions:

1) changing the requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting, federal and (or) industry standards;

2) development or selection of a new method of accounting, the use of which leads to an increase in the quality of information about the object of accounting;

3) a significant change in the conditions of activity of an economic entity.

Article 9. Primary accounting documents

1. Each fact of economic life is subject to registration by the primary accounting document. It is not allowed to accept for accounting documents that document facts of economic life that did not take place, including those underlying imaginary and feigned transactions. (as amended by Federal Law No. 357-FZ of December 21, 2013)

2. Mandatory details of the primary accounting document are:

1) the name of the document;

2) date of drawing up the document;

3) the name of the economic entity that prepared the document;

4) the content of the fact of economic life;

5) the value of the natural and (or) monetary measurement of the fact of economic life, indicating the units of measurement;

6) the title of the position of the person (persons) who made (have completed) the transaction, operation and responsible (responsible) for its execution, or the title of the position of the person (persons) responsible (responsible) for the execution of the event; (as amended by Federal Law No. 357-FZ of December 21, 2013)

7) signatures of the persons provided for in paragraph 6 of this part, indicating their surnames and initials or other details necessary to identify these persons.

3. The primary accounting document must be drawn up at the time of the fact of economic life, and if this is not possible, immediately after its completion. The person responsible for registration of the fact of economic life ensures the timely transfer of primary accounting documents for registration of the data contained in them in accounting registers, as well as the reliability of these data. The person who is entrusted with the maintenance of accounting, and the person with whom the contract for the provision of accounting services is concluded, are not responsible for the compliance of primary accounting documents compiled by other persons with the accomplished facts of economic life. (as amended by Federal Law No. 357-FZ of December 21, 2013)

4. Forms of primary accounting documents are determined by the head of an economic entity upon the proposal of an official who is entrusted with accounting. Forms of primary accounting documents for public sector organizations are established in accordance with the budget legislation of the Russian Federation. (as amended by Federal Law No. 357-FZ of December 21, 2013)

5. The primary accounting document is compiled on paper and (or) in the form of an electronic document signed with an electronic signature.

7. Corrections are allowed in the primary accounting document, unless otherwise established by federal laws or regulatory legal acts of the bodies of state regulation of accounting. The correction in the primary accounting document must contain the date of the correction, as well as the signatures of the persons who drew up the document in which the correction was made, indicating their surnames and initials or other details necessary to identify these persons.

8. If, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, primary accounting documents, including in the form of an electronic document, are withdrawn, copies of the withdrawn documents made in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation are included in accounting documents.

Article 10. Accounting registers

1. Data contained in primary accounting documents are subject to timely registration and accumulation in accounting registers.

2. Omissions or withdrawals are not allowed when registering accounting objects in accounting registers, registration of imaginary and sham accounting objects in accounting registers. For the purposes of this Federal Law, an imaginary object of accounting means a non-existent object reflected in accounting only for appearance (including unfulfilled expenses, non-existent obligations, facts of economic life that did not take place), a sham object of accounting means an object reflected in accounting accounting instead of another object in order to cover it (including sham transactions). Reserves, funds, provided by law Russian Federation, and the costs of their creation. (as amended by Federal Law No. 357-FZ of December 21, 2013)

3. Accounting is kept by means of a double entry in accounting accounts, unless otherwise established by federal standards. It is not allowed to maintain accounting accounts outside the accounting registers used by the economic entity. (as amended by Federal Law No. 357-FZ of December 21, 2013)

4. Mandatory details of the accounting register are:

1) the name of the register;

2) the name of the economic entity that compiled the register;

3) date of beginning and end of maintaining the register and (or) the period for which the register was drawn up;

4) chronological and (or) systematic grouping of accounting objects;

5) the value of the monetary measurement of accounting objects, indicating the unit of measurement;

6) the names of the positions of the persons responsible for maintaining the register;

7) signatures of persons responsible for maintaining the register, indicating their surnames and initials or other details necessary to identify these persons.

6. The accounting register is compiled on paper and (or) in the form of an electronic document signed with an electronic signature.

Article 11. Inventory of assets and liabilities

1. Assets and liabilities are subject to inventory.

2. During the inventory, the actual presence of the relevant objects is revealed, which is compared with the data of accounting registers.

3. The cases, terms and procedure for conducting an inventory, as well as the list of objects subject to inventory, are determined by the economic entity, with the exception of the mandatory inventory. Mandatory inventory is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, federal and industry standards.

Article 12. Monetary measurement of accounting objects

1. Objects of accounting are subject to monetary measurement.

2. Monetary measurement of accounting items is carried out in the currency of the Russian Federation.

3. Unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, the cost of accounting items expressed in foreign currency shall be subject to conversion into the currency of the Russian Federation.

Article 13. General requirements for accounting (financial) reporting

1. Accounting (financial) statements should give a reliable idea of the financial position of an economic entity as of the reporting date, the financial result of its activities and the cash flow for the reporting period, which is necessary for users of these statements to make economic decisions. Accounting (financial) statements should be compiled on the basis of data contained in accounting registers, as well as information determined by federal and industry standards. (as amended by Federal Law No. 357-FZ of December 21, 2013)

2. An economic entity draws up annual accounting (financial) statements, unless otherwise established by other federal laws, regulatory legal acts of the bodies of state regulation of accounting.

3. Annual accounting (financial) statements are prepared for the reporting year.

4. Interim accounting (financial) statements are prepared by an economic entity in cases where the legislation of the Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts of state accounting regulation bodies, agreements, constituent documents of an economic entity, decisions of the owner of an economic entity establish the obligation to submit it. (as amended by Federal Law No. 251-FZ of July 23, 2013)

5. Interim accounting (financial) statements are prepared for a reporting period less than a reporting year.

6. Accounting (financial) statements must include performance indicators of all divisions of an economic entity, including its branches and representative offices, regardless of their location.

7. Accounting (financial) statements are prepared in the currency of the Russian Federation.

8. Accounting (financial) statements are considered to be drawn up after signing a hard copy of it by the head of the economic entity.

10. In case of publication of accounting (financial) statements that are subject to mandatory audit, such accounting (financial) statements must be published together with the auditor's report. (as amended by Federal Law No. 357-FZ of December 21, 2013)

11. No trade secret regime can be established with regard to accounting (financial) statements.

12. Legal regulation of consolidated financial statements is carried out in accordance with this Federal Law, unless otherwise provided by other federal laws.

Article 14. Composition of accounting (financial) statements

1. Annual accounting (financial) statements, with the exception of cases established by this Federal Law, consist of a balance sheet, a statement of financial results and annexes thereto.

3. The composition of interim accounting (financial) statements, with the exception of cases established by this Federal Law, is established by federal standards.

4. The composition of the accounting (financial) statements of public sector organizations is established in accordance with the budgetary legislation of the Russian Federation.

5. The composition of the accounting (financial) statements of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation is established by Federal Law No. 86-FZ of July 10, 2002

Article 15. Reporting period, reporting date

2. The first reporting year is the period from the date of state registration of an economic entity to December 31 of the same calendar year, inclusive, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law and (or) federal standards.

Article 16

2. When a legal entity is reorganized in the form of affiliation, the last reporting year for a legal entity that is merging with another legal entity is the period from January 1 of the year in which an entry was made in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities on the termination of the activities of the merged legal entity, until the date of its making.

4. The latest accounting (financial) statements must include data on the facts of economic life that took place in the period from the date of approval of the deed of transfer (separation balance sheet) until the date of state registration of the last of the legal entities that have arisen (the date of making an entry in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities about the termination activities of the affiliated legal entity).

8. The procedure for compiling accounting (financial) statements of a public sector organization that has arisen as a result of reorganization is established by the authorized federal body.

Article 17

3. The latest accounting (financial) statements are drawn up on the date preceding the date of making an entry on the liquidation of a legal entity in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities.

Article 18. Mandatory copy of accounting (financial) statements

2. A mandatory copy of the prepared annual accounting (financial) statements shall be submitted no later than three months after the end of the reporting period. When submitting a mandatory copy of the prepared annual accounting (financial) statements that are subject to mandatory audit, the auditor's report on it is submitted together with such reports or no later than 10 working days from the day following the date of the audit report, but no later than December 31 of the year following reporting year. (as amended by Federal Law No. 357-FZ of December 21, 2013)

3. Mandatory copies of accounting (financial) statements, together with audit reports, constitute the state information resource. Interested parties are provided with access to the specified state information resource, except in cases where, in the interests of maintaining state secrets, such access should be limited, as well as in cases and persons established by the Government of the Russian Federation. (As amended by the Federal Laws of December 21, 2013 N 357-FZ, of December 31, 2017 N 481-FZ)

4. The procedure for submitting a mandatory copy of the accounting (financial) statements together with an auditor's report, as well as the rules for using (including fees for using, unless otherwise provided by other federal laws) the state information resource provided for by Part 3 of this article, are approved by the federal executive body, performing the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of state statistical activity. (as amended by Federal Law No. 357-FZ of December 21, 2013)

Article 19. Internal control

1. An economic entity is obliged to organize and exercise internal control over the facts of economic life.

2. An economic entity, the accounting (financial) statements of which are subject to mandatory audit, is obliged to organize and exercise internal control over accounting and preparation of accounting (financial) statements (except for cases when its head has assumed the responsibility for accounting).

Chapter 3. REGULATION OF ACCOUNTING

Article 20. Principles of accounting regulation

Accounting regulation is carried out in accordance with the following principles:

1) compliance of federal and industry standards with the needs of users of accounting (financial) statements, as well as the level of development of science and accounting practice;

2) unity of the system of accounting requirements;

3) establishing simplified accounting methods, including simplified accounting (financial) reporting, for economic entities entitled to apply such methods in accordance with this Federal Law; (as amended by Federal Law No. 292-FZ of November 2, 2013)

4) application of international standards as the basis for the development of federal and industry standards;

5) providing conditions for the uniform application of federal and industry standards;

6) the inadmissibility of combining powers to approve federal standards and state control (supervision) in the field of accounting.

Article 21. Documents in the field of accounting regulation

1. Documents in the field of accounting regulation include:

1) federal standards;

2) industry standards;

2.1) normative acts of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation provided for by part 6 of this article; (as amended by Federal Law No. 160-FZ of July 18, 2017)

4) standards of the economic entity.

2. Federal and industry standards are mandatory, unless otherwise provided by these standards.

3. Federal standards, regardless of the type of economic activity, establish:

1) definitions and features of accounting objects, the procedure for their classification, the conditions for their acceptance for accounting and writing them off in accounting;

2) acceptable methods of monetary measurement of accounting objects;

3) the procedure for recalculating the cost of accounting items expressed in foreign currency into the currency of the Russian Federation for accounting purposes;

4) requirements for accounting policies, including the determination of the conditions for its change, inventory of assets and liabilities, accounting documents and accounting workflow, including types of electronic signatures used to sign accounting documents;

5) the chart of accounts and the procedure for its application, except for the charts of accounts for credit institutions and non-credit financial institutions and the procedure for their application; (as amended by Federal Law No. 160-FZ of July 18, 2017)

6) the composition, content and procedure for the formation of information disclosed in the accounting (financial) statements, including sample forms of accounting (financial) statements, as well as the composition of the appendices to the balance sheet and the income statement and the composition of the annexes to the balance sheet and the report on intended use of funds;

7) the conditions under which the accounting (financial) statements give a reliable idea of the financial position of the economic entity as of the reporting date, the financial result of its activities and the cash flow for the reporting period;

8) the composition of the last and first accounting (financial) statements during the reorganization of a legal entity, the procedure for its preparation and the monetary measurement of objects in it;

9) the composition of the latest accounting (financial) statements upon liquidation of a legal entity, the procedure for its preparation and the monetary measurement of objects in it;

10) simplified accounting methods, including simplified accounting (financial) statements, for economic entities entitled to apply such methods in accordance with this Federal Law. (as amended by Federal Law No. 292-FZ of November 2, 2013)

5. Industry standards establish the features of the application of federal standards in certain types of economic activity.

9. Recommendations in the field of accounting may be adopted in relation to the procedure for applying federal and industry standards, forms of accounting documents, with the exception of those established by federal and industry standards, organizational forms of accounting, organization of accounting services of economic entities, accounting technology, organization procedure and exercising internal control over their activities and accounting, as well as the procedure for the development of standards by these persons.

11. The standards of an economic entity are intended to streamline the organization and maintain its accounting records.

12. The necessity and procedure for developing, approving, changing and canceling the standards of an economic entity are established by this entity independently.

13. The standards of an economic entity are applied equally and equally by all divisions of an economic entity, including its branches and representative offices, regardless of their location.

15. Federal and industry standards must not contradict this Federal Law. Industry standards and the regulations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation provided for by part 6 of this article must not contradict federal standards. Recommendations in the field of accounting, as well as the standards of an economic entity, must not contradict federal and industry standards, industry standards and the regulations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation provided for by Part 6 of this Article. (as amended by Federal Law No. 160-FZ of July 18, 2017)

16. Federal and industry standards, as well as the program for the development of federal standards, are approved by regulatory legal acts in the prescribed manner, subject to the provisions of this Federal Law.

Article 22. Subjects of accounting regulation

1. Bodies of state regulation of accounting in the Russian Federation are the authorized federal body and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

Article 23. Functions of bodies of state regulation of accounting

1. Authorized federal body:

1) approves the program for the development of federal standards in the manner established by this Federal Law;

2) approves federal standards and, within its competence, industry standards and generalizes the practice of their application;

3) organize the examination of draft accounting standards;

4) approves the requirements for the execution of draft accounting standards;

5) participates in the prescribed manner in the development of international standards;

6) represents the Russian Federation in international organizations operating in the field of accounting and accounting (financial) reporting;

7) perform other functions provided for by this Federal Law and other federal laws.

2. The Central Bank of the Russian Federation, within its competence:

1) develops and approves industry standards and regulations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation provided for in Article 21 of this Federal Law and summarizes the practice of applying these standards and regulations; (as amended by Federal Law No. 160-FZ of July 18, 2017)

2) participates in the preparation and coordinates the program for the development of federal standards;

3) participates in the examination of draft federal standards;

4) participates together with the authorized federal body in the prescribed manner in the development of international standards;

5) performs other functions provided for by this Federal Law and other federal laws.

Article 24. Functions of the subject of non-state regulation of accounting

Subject of non-state regulation of accounting:

1) develops draft federal standards, conducts a public discussion of these drafts and submits them to the authorized federal body;

2) participates in the preparation of the federal standards development program;

3) participates in the examination of draft accounting standards;

4) ensures the compliance of the draft federal standard with the international standard on the basis of which the draft federal standard has been developed;

5) develops and adopts recommendations in the field of accounting;

6) develop proposals for improving accounting standards;

7) participates in the development of international standards.

1. To conduct an examination of draft federal and industry standards, an accounting standards council is established under the authorized federal body. (as amended by Federal Law No. 251-FZ of July 23, 2013)

2. The Accounting Standards Board reviews draft federal and industry standards for: (as amended by Federal Law No. 251-FZ of July 23, 2013)

1) compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting;

2) compliance with the needs of users of accounting (financial) statements, as well as the level of development of science and accounting practice;

3) ensuring the unity of the system of accounting requirements;

4) providing conditions for the uniform application of federal and industry standards. (as amended by Federal Law No. 251-FZ of July 23, 2013)

3- 4. Parts have expired. (as amended by Federal Law No. 251-FZ of July 23, 2013)

5. The composition of the accounting standards council includes:

1) 10 representatives of subjects of non-state regulation of accounting and the scientific community, of which at least three members are subject to rotation once every three years;

2) five representatives of state accounting regulation bodies.

6. The composition of the accounting standards council is approved by the head of the authorized federal body. Proposals on candidates for members of the accounting standards council, with the exception of representatives of the authorized federal body, are submitted to the authorized federal body by subjects of non-state regulation of accounting, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, scientific organizations and higher educational institutions.

7. Candidates for members of the Accounting Standards Board must have a higher education, an impeccable business (professional) reputation and professional experience in the field of finance, accounting or audit. (as amended by Federal Law No. 185-FZ of July 2, 2013)

9. The secretary of the council for accounting standards is a representative of the authorized federal body from among the members of the council.

11. Decisions of the council on accounting standards are made by a simple majority of votes of the members of the council participating in its meeting.

12. Meetings of the Accounting Standards Board are public.

13. Information about the activities of the accounting standards board should be open and publicly available.

Article 26

1. Federal standards are developed and approved in accordance with the federal standards development program.

2. Bodies of state regulation of accounting and subjects of non-state regulation of accounting submit proposals on the program for the development of federal standards to the authorized federal body.

3. The authorized federal body approves the program for the development of federal standards in agreement with the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

6. The rules for the preparation and clarification of the program for the development of federal standards are approved by the authorized federal body.

Article 27. Development and approval of federal standards

1. The developer of the federal standard (hereinafter - the developer) can be any subject of non-state regulation of accounting.

2. Notification of the development of a federal standard shall be sent by the developer to the authorized federal body and posted on the official websites of the authorized federal body and the developer in the information and telecommunications network "Internet" (hereinafter referred to as the "Internet" network). (as amended by Federal Law No. 357-FZ of December 21, 2013)

3. Not later than 10 working days after the date of posting on the developer's official website on the Internet a notification of the development of a federal standard, the developer places it on his official website on the Internet. The draft federal standard, posted on the official website of the developer on the Internet, should be available for review without charging a fee. The developer is obliged, at the request of the interested person, to provide him with a copy of the draft federal standard on paper. The fee charged by the developer for providing the specified copy on paper cannot exceed the costs of its production and shipment. No fee shall be charged for providing the said copy to state accounting regulation bodies and subjects of non-state accounting regulation. )

5. During the period of public discussion of the draft federal standard, the developer:

1) accept comments in writing from interested persons. The developer cannot refuse to accept comments in writing;

2) discusses the draft federal standard and comments received in writing;

3) draws up a list of comments received in writing with a summary of the content of such comments and the results of their discussion;

4) finalizes the draft federal standard, taking into account the comments received in writing.

6. The developer is obliged to keep the comments received in writing until the approval of the federal standard and submit them to the authorized federal body upon his request.

7. The finalized draft of the federal standard and the list of comments received in writing from interested parties shall be posted by the developer on its official website on the Internet no later than 10 working days from the date of placement on the official websites of the authorized federal body and the developer on the Internet of the notice of completion public discussion of the draft federal standard. These documents posted on the official website of the developer on the Internet should be available for review without charging a fee. (as amended by Federal Law No. 357-FZ of December 21, 2013)

8. The part is no longer valid. (as amended by Federal Law No. 357-FZ of December 21, 2013)

12. A draft federal standard proposed by the accounting standards council for adoption may be rejected if it does not comply with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

15. Examination of a draft industry standard is carried out by the accounting standards council in the manner established for the examination of federal standards by parts 9-13 of this article. (as amended by Federal Law No. 344-FZ of November 4, 2014)

Article 28. Development of federal standards by the authorized federal body

1. The authorized federal body develops federal standards:

1) for public sector organizations;

2) in the event that no subject of non-state regulation of accounting assumes the obligation to develop a federal standard provided for by the approved program for the development of federal standards.

2. The development of the federal standard by the authorized federal body is carried out in the manner established by this Federal Law.

Chapter 4. FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 29. Storage of accounting documents

1. Primary accounting documents, accounting registers, accounting (financial) statements, audit reports on them are subject to storage by an economic entity for the periods established in accordance with the rules for organizing state archives, but not less than five years after the reporting year. (as amended by Federal Law No. 251-FZ of July 23, 2013)

2. Accounting policy documents, standards of an economic entity, other documents related to the organization and maintenance of accounting, including the means that ensure the reproduction of electronic documents, as well as the verification of the authenticity of an electronic signature, are subject to storage by an economic entity for at least five years after a year, in which they were used for the preparation of accounting (financial) statements for the last time.

3. An economic entity must provide safe conditions for storing accounting documents and protect them from changes.

4. When changing the head of the organization, the transfer of accounting documents of the organization must be ensured. The procedure for the transfer of accounting documents is determined by the organization independently. (as amended by Federal Law No. 134-FZ of June 28, 2013)

Article 30

1. Until the federal and sectoral standards provided for by this Federal Law are approved by the state accounting regulatory bodies, the rules for maintaining accounting and compiling financial statements approved by the authorized federal executive bodies and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation before the date this Federal Law enters into force shall apply. Prior to the approval of the federal and sectoral standards provided for by this Federal Law, the authorized federal executive body and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation shall have the right to make changes due to changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation to the rules for maintaining accounting and compiling financial statements approved by them before the date of entry into force of this Federal law. ) of July 23, 1998 N 123-FZ"On the Introduction of Amendments and Additions to the Federal Law "On Accounting" (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1998, No. 30, Art. 3619);

3) Federal Law No. 32-FZ of March 28, 2002 "On Amendments and Additions to the Federal Law "On Accounting" (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2002, No. 13, Art. 1179);

10) Federal Law of May 8, 2010 N 83-FZ "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Improvement of the Legal Status of State (Municipal) Institutions" (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2010, N 19, Art. 2291) ;

On January 1, 2013, the new Federal Law of December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ "On Accounting" comes into force.

As stated in explanatory note presented by the drafters of the bill in State Duma FS RF, new edition Federal Law "On Accounting" was developed in order to eliminate outdated norms, provisions and gaps in the current Federal Law of November 21, 1996 N 129-FZ "On Accounting", identified as a result of an analysis of relevant law enforcement practice. The bill is aimed at bringing the norms of the Federal Law governing the system in line with the changed economic conditions of the activities of economic entities in order to form and disclose a reliable and useful information on the financial position of these entities, changes in their financial position and the financial result of their activities.

The new Law has fundamentally changed the goals and objectives of accounting and financial statements - the formation of data on the financial condition of the organization and cash flow has been determined as a priority.
A separate chapter of the new Law is devoted to the issues of accounting regulation. At the same time, the basic principles for the formation of a virtually new system regulation accounting, including a set of federal, industry standards, recommendations and standards of an economic entity.

In addition, the norms and requirements that were not sufficiently disclosed in the previous Law, in particular those related to the formation and submission of reports during the reorganization and liquidation of organizations, as well as paper and electronic document management, were clarified and detailed.

The publication, offered to the attention of readers, provides a general and article-by-article commentary on the norms and requirements of the new Law.
Since the formation and establishment of a new system of regulatory accounting requires a very long transition period(during which the previously adopted standards will be in effect and new ones will be adopted), the publication focuses on the organization and accounting at the level of an economic entity.

The publication uses the following abbreviations:

the new Accounting Law - Federal Law No. 402-FZ of December 6, 2011;
the former Law on accounting - Federal Law of November 21, 1996 N 129-FZ;
Civil Code of the Russian Federation - Civil Code Russian Federation, parts one and two;
Tax Code of the Russian Federation - tax code Russian Federation, parts one and two;
RAS - Russian standards accounting;
IFRS - International Financial Reporting Standards.

Other abbreviations are disclosed at the first mention of a legislative or regulatory legal act.

Part one. General comment

Part two. Article-by-article comment

Chapter 1. General provisions

Chapter 2 General accounting requirements

Working Chart of Accounts

Forms of primary accounting documents, as well as forms of documents for internal financial statements

The procedure for conducting an inventory

Methods for assessing types of property and liabilities

Document flow rules and accounting information processing technology

The procedure for monitoring business transactions

Other solutions necessary for the organization of accounting

Chapter 3 Accounting regulation

Chapter 4 Final provisions

Article 31

Part one. General comment

Federal Law No. 402-FZ of 06.12.2011 "On Accounting" establishes uniform requirements for accounting, including accounting (financial) reporting, and is also aimed at creating a legal mechanism for regulating accounting. In accordance with Art. 32 of the new Law on Accounting, it enters into force on January 1, 2013. From this date, the current Federal Law of November 21, 1996 N 129-FZ "On Accounting" ceases to operate.

In accordance with paragraph 1 of Art. 2 of the new Law on Accounting from January 1, 2013, its application will become mandatory, in particular, for commercial and non-profit organizations, government agencies and local self-government bodies, management bodies of state and territorial extra-budgetary funds, individual entrepreneurs and private practitioners, branches and representative offices of foreign and international organizations and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

In addition, in accordance with paragraph 2 of Art. 2 of the new Law on Accounting, its requirements apply when maintaining budget accounting of assets and liabilities of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities, operations that change these assets and liabilities, as well as when compiling budget reporting.

In the new Law on Accounting, the main provisions from the previously adopted legislative act saved. However, there are a number of very significant clarifications that will need to be taken into account by the administration budget institutions when organizing and maintaining accounting and forming the accounting policy of the institution for 2013

We list the most significant, in our opinion, changes.

Innovations in terms of general provisions and requirements for the organization of accounting

Fundamentally changed the definition of accounting, the goals and objectives of its organization and maintenance. The modern definition is mainly focused only on the preparation of financial statements, the goals and objectives of which have also been fundamentally changed. If earlier accounting and reporting were mainly aimed at collecting, grouping and presenting data on the state of property and liabilities of an economic entity, now the focus will be on the formation of information on the financial condition of an economic entity and cash flow.

Probably, the change in the definition of accounting also caused the exclusion of accounting tasks from the text of the Law. At the same time, the list of (approximate) users of financial statements was excluded from the text of the Law. Thus, apparently, it is assumed that the accounting entity itself will determine the composition of reporting users, as well as the composition of information that can be presented to various categories of internal and external users accounting reporting.

As already noted, the scope of the Law on Accounting has been expanded - the new Law applies to commercial and non-profit organizations, institutions (state, budgetary and autonomous), as well as to public law entities (public authorities, local governments, government bodies). off-budget funds etc.). In addition, it is specifically stipulated that the operation of the Law extends to accounting for transactions carried out under contracts trust management and production sharing agreements.

At the same time, the text of the new Law on Accounting does not reproduce the norm that previously allowed organizations that switched to a simplified taxation system to keep accounting according to a simplified scheme (only accounting for fixed assets and intangible assets).

From the list of basic concepts, the definitions of analytical and synthetic accounting, the definitions of accounting and financial statements have been substantially revised.

At the same time, a number of new concepts were introduced, such as:

accounting standard;
international standard;
reporting period;
head of an economic entity;
fact of economic life;
public sector organizations.

Innovations in terms of general accounting requirements

The composition of accounting objects has also been significantly revised and placed in a separate article of the new Accounting Law: property has been replaced by assets and expenses, instead of business transactions the facts of economic life are indicated, the income of an economic entity is allocated to a separate group of accounting objects. In addition, a new group of accounting objects has been included - sources of financing activities, and the list of objects itself has become open.

Thus, the list of accounting objects has become as close as possible to a similar list used in the public sector, as well as in some international standards.

Specific requirements have been established for persons who can be accepted for the position of chief accountant (level of education, practical experience and no criminal record). True, the new requirements apply only to a limited circle of chief accountants of economic entities whose shares and other securities can be traded on the organized market.

The same requirements apply to individuals involved in the work of an accountant on the terms of an outsourcing agreement, as well as legal entities performing accounting work under a contract (such legal entities must have at least one accountant who falls under the established requirements as part of their staff).

The regulation of the formation and disclosure of the accounting policy of the organization has been changed - a definition of the accounting policy has been introduced and at the same time the provisions establishing the composition of the mandatory sections of the accounting policy (working chart of accounts, document flow rules, etc.) have been excluded. However, from the provisions of Art. 8 and some other articles of the Law, it can be concluded that the role of federal and industry standards is increasing. Thus, the composition and structure of the accounting policies of institutions in the future will continue to be governed by the provisions of the new federal standards.

Very significant changes have taken place in terms of document management - the new Accounting Law does not mention unified forms primary documents. Thus, organizations from 2013 will no longer be required to use unified form albums. However, an exception has been made for public sector organizations - the forms of primary accounting documents for such organizations will be established in accordance with the budget legislation of the Russian Federation.

From 2013, the heads of economic entities will be required to approve absolutely all forms of primary accounting documentation, regardless of whether they were previously unified.

For the first time in accounting legislation, a list appeared required details for accounting registers. A rule has been introduced, according to which the forms of accounting registers must also be approved by the head of an economic entity. An exception is made for the forms of accounting registers for public sector organizations, which will be established in accordance with the budget legislation of the Russian Federation.

The procedure for correcting errors in accounting registers has been clarified - now corrections cannot be made without the knowledge of the persons responsible for maintaining this register.

Has changed legislative regulation conducting inventories. The list of conditions under which the inventory is mandatory has been excluded from the text of the Law. From 2013, this will be established, as a rule, by federal and industry standards.

If the inventory is not mandatory, the cases, terms and procedure for the inventory, as well as the list of objects subject to inventory, will be determined by the economic entity independently.

Another very important technical clarification regarding the reflection of the results of the inventory in the accounting is that the discrepancies identified during the inventory between the actual availability of objects and the data of the accounting registers are subject to registration in accounting in the reporting period to which the date refers, as of which the inventory was carried out. Thus, now the inventory will need to be assigned as of the last date of the reporting (checked) period.

Certain changes have taken place in terms of regulation of accounting issues.

In particular, set reporting periods for reorganized and liquidated organizations, it is established that accounting data cannot be the subject of a commercial secret, separate articles regulate the features of compiling and presenting reports in the event of reorganization or liquidation of economic entities.

The article, which contained the addresses and deadlines for the submission of financial statements, has not been reproduced in its original form. Instead, the Law includes norms regulating the procedure for submitting a mandatory copy of financial statements. At the same time, the addressee (the body of state statistics) and the terms (with an insignificant clarification - three months instead of 90 days) have been preserved. At the same time, the rules governing the use of reporting (as state resource) interested users, including on a paid basis.

Innovations in accounting regulation

A four-level structure of normative regulation of accounting has been established - federal and industry standards, recommendations in the field of accounting and standards of an economic entity. It is assumed that federal and industry standards are mandatory for use by accounting entities (subject to limitations and exceptions established by the standards themselves). Accounting recommendations will be applied on a voluntary basis, provided that they do not interfere with the organization's activities. The standards of an economic entity will be developed and approved at the level of an economic entity.

At present, the role of industry standards in the field of accounting regulation in institutions is performed by the instructions of the Ministry of Finance of Russia, the role of standards of an economic entity is accounting policy institutions and other orders and orders of the head of the institution, clarifying the organization of individual elements of accounting in a particular institution. In our opinion, drastic changes should not be expected in this area either. However, before the end of 2012, a number of new industry standards and recommendations may appear.

A separate article of the new Law on Accounting establishes a rather complicated scheme for the development and approval of federal and industry standards with the participation of an authorized body (the Ministry of Finance of Russia), a subject of non-state regulation of accounting ( self-regulatory organization established to develop standards) and the Accounting Standards Board, which will be established under the Ministry of Finance of Russia.

In a separate chapter of the new Accounting Law, General requirements to storage accounting documents. It also contains a list of legislative acts that have become invalid in connection with the adoption of this Law.

A special rule stipulates that the previously adopted regulations in the field of accounting will continue to operate until the development and approval of the relevant federal standards.

A detailed commentary on individual changes and legislative innovations is given in part 2 of the edition.

October 2012