Review Russian market
oil products
Market overview In release
Analysis of the situation in the Russian market
Analysis of the situation on the Russian oil products market
Rinat Khantemirov, PKP "MOBOIL" of oil products
The results of the business forum “Analysts of commodity prices of petroleum products on the Russian market have collapsed. Buyers took a break in purchases, exchange trading volumes decreased on non-markets”: SPIMEX presented the development for several days.
However, after the announcement of the rates of export duties on trade for January 2016, which, together with the increase in excises in the results of the business forum “Commodity Analysts, lead to an increase in export parity, and also due to the approaching New Year holidays, buyers returned to the market. markets”: Market participants summed up the results Motor gasoline in 2015 and discussed forecasts for 2016 On December 14, the marketable balance of gasoline at refineries and PNPO VIOCs amounted to 1,579 thousand tons, since the beginning of November, stocks have been stable.
Main characteristics exchange market The Russian market is of little interest to Belarusian producers.
In addition, the export parity for Regular-92 gasoline for refineries in the Central Federal District, taking into account the January export duty ± by 07.12–14.12–18.12, and the new excise tax, turned out to be higher than current prices on the Russian market on 11.12. In combination with the seasonally low demand, 549306 tons +120028, this will lead to an increase in gasoline exports, which should support prices in the domestic market, by at least in Europe - Number of transactions, units. 3116 +21 in the part of the country.
Gasoline sales, tons 201940 +2392 Prices for gasoline fell especially hard in Siberia. Low demand prompts oil companies, as they did last winter, to offer discounts at their own filling stations.
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SPIMEX presented the development of trading mechanisms at the SPIMEX Index Vladimir, Regular-92 /t forum "Results of the Russian oil products market in 2015" 42000 On December 15, the leaders of the St. performance of the Russian oil products market in 2015”, organized by Commodity Markets Analytics. 38000 SPIMTSB acted as the general partner of the forum.
Alexei Rybnikov, President of SPIMEX, spoke at the opening of the forum. He noted the role of the exchange as an infrastructural element of the economy, which is an effective sales channel for 34,000 and a mechanism for the formation of transparent prices.
Alexey Rybnikov briefly dwelled on the main results of the development of the exchange trade in petroleum products in 2015. He noted the finalization of the work of the Exchange Committee after the signing of the relevant agreement between the FAS Russia, the Bank 09/01/2015 09/29/2015 10/27/2015 11/25/2015 Russia and the Federal Tax Service. Since the beginning of 2015, the committee has been discussing the most important initiatives to improve the mechanisms of trade in the commodity market. SPIMEX Index Vladimir, Premium-95 /t The head of the exchange outlined the main directions for improving these mechanisms, developing index pricing, monitoring compliance with obligations by trading participants, and working with market regulators.
Alexey Rybnikov also noted the strategic project of SPIMEX 40000 to launch a delivery futures contract for Russian export oil. The organization of a new oil pricing, according to the head of the exchange, will have global consequences for the Russian and international commodity markets, including the market for petroleum products.
Mikhail Temnichenko, First Vice-President of SPIMEX, spoke about the results of the exchange's work on the oil products market for 11 months of 2015. During the specified period, the volume of trade in the section "Oil products" amounted to 13.882 million tons, the turnover in monetary terms
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The representative of the exchange drew the attention of the audience to the launch of a separate exchange session of the SPIMEX for targeted contracts and a reduction in the time of the main trading session, which contributed to the concentration of liquidity and increased control over the efficiency of exchange pricing. The rules of the exchange this year also tightened control over the facts of non-fulfillment by bidders of their contractual obligations.
Since June 2015, SPIMEX has been trading in liquefied hydrocarbon gases (LHG) 27,000 based on the requirements of the Joint Order (5% of exchange sales from production). The exchange plans to attract new participants, create an objective price index SPIMEX Vladimir, DT winter / th indicator for the LPG market.
The Exchange's plans for 2016 also include: work to create a single exchange basis that combines rail and 38,000 pipe shipments on an ex-refinery delivery basis, synchronization of exchange trading and Russian Railways activities to ensure priority transportation by exchange transactions. 36,000 Starting from the second half of 2015, a full-scale transition to the Territorial Indices is planned, which are calculated for the three largest domestic markets for petroleum products - the European 34,000 part of Russia, the Ural-Siberian region, Eastern Siberia and the Far East.
Aleksey Sergeev, Derivatives Market Director of SPIMEX, presented to the audience a report on the futures market for oil products. This market is a reliable tool for insurance of price risks and long-term planning of companies' activities. 30000 Alexey Sergeev spoke about strategies for working with settlement and 09/01/2015 09/29/2015 10/27/2015 11/25/2015 supply contracts, about the mechanism for compensating losses on stock indices without transport
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spot market through hedging, efficiency of gasoline, diesel fuel, SMT and TPB, as well as futures contracts for different groups of trading participants. reduction in the production of fuel oil and "other" oil products. At the same time, independent refineries turned out to be the leaders in the growth of refining, the Director for the derivatives market of the exchange emphasized the beginning and among the leaders in the decline in refining - Bashneft and training trading in deliverable futures for oil, which are LUKOIL. Growth in gasoline production occurred more than began in November. Access to trading is open to all potential due to YANOS, Rosneft and TAIF-NK, for which a low base was recorded for new users of this exchange instrument this year due to the reconstruction time runs active practical development by the participants of the tion of installations or accidents.
trading strategies.
In 2016, export parity and tax-cleared are growing. Representatives of SPIMEX took an active part in negotiating the cost of most petroleum products, especially on the basis of the exchange within the framework of the forum, together with the players of the wholesale and rozzine. Fuel oil and dark oil products, the retail fuel market, leading stock brokers, me oils and coke will suffer again. In theory, this should boost profit margins for regulators and analysts.
ness of oil refining. However, experience recent years impressionsMarket participants summed up the results of 2015 and discussed that the growth of export parity cannot be automatically translated into the price of the domestic market, so it is likely that EY Moscow Oil and Gas Center Manager Dmitry will continue the trends of 2015 - a decrease in refining Dzyuba made a presentation at the forum the oil market, the growth of gas condensate processing and the increase in oil: the results of 2015 and the forecast for 2016”. Dmitry by exits light oil products.
spoke in detail about the situation on the global oil market, about the Business Development Director of Commodity Market Analysts
difference between the current fall in prices and the situation of the end, Mikhail Turukalov presented a forecast of the Russian conjuncture at the beginning of 2009 and voiced a scenario for the oil market of the motor gasoline and diesel fuel market in 2016. In the next medium term.
In the current year, as ATP expects, the Russian gasoline market Anvar Gafiatullin, Senior Manager of Pricewaterhouse- will be balanced due to stagnant demand for the product and Coopers, spoke about trends in global demand for extending the turnover of class 4 fuel for the first half of the year. If the share of petroleum products. According to PwC estimates, in 2015 the demand for class 4 motor gasoline in the production structure in the first half of the year increased by 1.8 million barrels per day. mainly due to the growth in demand for 2016 will remain above 5-7%, the turnover of goods is likely to be clear oil products. In 2016, demand will increase by another ton until the end of 2016, which will automatically make domestic mln br./day. mainly from Asian countries. the market is balanced in terms of production and consumption According to PwC estimates, the demand for gasoline is falling in Europe and in the second half of 2016.
growing wildly in Asia. Demand for diesel fuel is stagnating in China, Dmitry Terentiev, business development manager Argus is growing in Europe and developing countries Asia (with the exception of Media, made a presentation “Fuel oil market. Results of 2015 in China). Demand for kerosene is growing the fastest, especially in years and forecasts.” In 2015, the production of fuel oil was reduced in China and Asia as a whole. Finally, demand for fuel oil is falling as a result of lower oil refining volumes in Europe, China and developed countries, primarily in the refinery modernization sectors, the domestic consumption of fuel oil year so bunkering and generation. also decreased. "Tax maneuver" contributed to the growth of China's economic development is characterized as a port of oil and fuel oil in current year. Sales of fuel oil on slower not lower - that is, with a reduction in growth in the relative market, they decreased, while direct contractual terms appeared, taking into account the size of the economy, absolute benefits between sellers and buyers with deferred payment.
growth is at the level of indicators of the 2000s. And as 2015 proved to be a challenging year for independent traders, the focus is shifting from investment to consumption, now oil-based, and bunkering. Participants in the market drivers of demand for petroleum products in China - gasoline and ka corrected their commercial policy in the corresponding kerosene. Other middle distillates and heavy oil products with new market conditions. In 2016, it is expected to decline. production decline against the backdrop of modernization of refineries, while currently the European Union is gradually turning back - the port of fuel oil will decrease due to an increase in the coefficient in the exports of the diesel fuel support program. With equalization of the duty from 76% to 82%.
excise taxes, OPEX on diesel fuel by a car enthusiast Vitaly Chernov, editor-in-chief of the media group “Port is still lower (8 cents per 1 km versus 10 cents per 1 km for the News”, spoke about the state and prospects of the bunker gasoline market), while CAPEX is on 10-20% higher. According to PwC, Russia. In 2014, in Russia, approximately in the event of equalization of excises, the share of cars with diesel fuel was 17.13 million tons of bunker fuel; drop in real favor of gasoline. bunker fuel concentrations in most bunker pricesSince 2015, the limit on the sulfur content in bunker fuel has been the highest in Nakhodka.
for ECA zones is 0.1%, and from 2020 the sulfur limit for Maxim Dyachenko, the managing partner of the bunker fuel company in the whole world, will decrease to 0.5%.
In this "Petroleum Trading", talked about ways to minimize communication in the short term most high rates financial risks in the oil products market and gave an example of growth among bunker fuels will demonstrate a dis-conservative approach to the formation credit policy fuel and gas oil, and in long term greatest trading company on the market. Maxim Dyachenko will demonstrate LNG dynamics in detail. spoke about the sources of information about counterparties that the Representative of VNIPIneft Elena Chernysheva spoke about using Petroleum Trading, and gave an example of a calculation with the presentation “Results of the modernization of oil refining limits per supplier and per buyer.
industry in 2015”. According to VNIPIneft estimates, the refineries of the Russian Federation have undergone sufficient modernization so that the plants can fully supply the domestic market with class 5 diesel fuel, however, a complete transition to class 5 gasoline may lead to a shortage of goods in 2016.
Rinat Khantemirov, Head of Marketing and Exchange Trading at MOBOIL, in his speech analyzed the situation in the Russian oil refining industry in 2015 and announced a forecast for 2016.
The results of the first 10 months of the tax maneuver were a decrease in oil refining and an increase in gas condensate refining, an increase in the output of light oil products from VIOCs, especially from Gazprom, Bashneft and LUKOIL, an increase in
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The scientific direction of studying the structure and organization of markets considers the concentration of market power and its impact on the competitive environment, both in the national and regional markets. Representatives of this school developed methods for determining the size of markets and geographic boundaries of markets, studied the system of factors that determine the structure of the market, which served as the basis for analyzing the competitive environment of industry markets.
The quantitative indicators most often used to assess the structure of the commodity market are:
1) the number of sellers operating in this market;
2) the degree of homogeneity of products;
3) shares occupied by sellers in this market;
4) indicators of market concentration.
The number of sellers operating in the commodity market makes it possible to determine what type of structure the studied sectoral market belongs to: monopolies, oligopolies, monopolistic competition, or pure competition. The characteristic of the degree of differentiation of manufactured products from the goods of competitors is most important for identifying what type of oligopoly the industry market belongs to: an undifferentiated oligopoly, when goods manufactured by industry enterprises must meet strictly defined quality standards, or a differentiated oligopoly, which is most often found on the market consumer goods.
Market share reflects the results of competition and shows the degree of dominance of the enterprise in the market. A large market share of an undifferentiated oligopoly means that the leader firm, due to economies of scale and experience effects, operates in the market at the lowest cost and determines the degree of profitability throughout the industry by controlling the level of prices in the market. Thus, the study of the market shares of competitors reveals the distribution of forces in the competitive struggle.
The oil products market belongs to the markets of an undifferentiated oligopoly, since refineries must produce fuel in accordance with existing standards that are uniform for all enterprises. The main commodity products produced at the refinery are the following types of fuel: gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, fuel oil. In addition, part of domestic refineries produces road bitumen, a wide fraction of hydrocarbons, as well as straight-run gasoline, which are raw materials for petrochemical industries.
At the moment, the structure of production and sales of motor gasoline by Russian refineries is characterized by the following indicators. (Table 1.2.) Compiled by the author based on statistical collections info TEC consult Petrochemistry and oil refining V.1-3. For 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, the KrasnodarEkoneft Refinery and the Nizhnekamsk Oil Refinery were not included in this sample, since only straight-run gasoline is present in the product range of these plants, and motor gasoline was not produced in the period under review.
Table.1.3. Sales of motor gasoline to Russian refineries on the domestic market in 2002-2005
|
Refinery |
||||
|
Moscow refinery |
||||
|
Slavneft-Yaroslavl Oil Refinery |
||||
|
TNK-BP Ryazan NPK |
||||
|
TNK-BP Saratov Refinery |
||||
|
TNK-Orsknefteorgsintez |
||||
|
LUKOIL-Ukhtaneftepererabotka |
||||
|
LUKOIL-Permnefteorgsintez |
||||
|
Mari Refinery |
||||
|
Bashneftekhim-Ufimsky Refinery |
||||
|
Bashneftekhim-Novo-Ufimsky Refinery |
||||
|
Bashneftekhim-Ufaneftekhim |
||||
|
Salavatnefteorgsintez |
||||
|
Tatneft - Nizhnekamsk Refinery |
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Yukos - Novokuibyshevsky Refinery |
||||
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Yukos - Achinsk Oil Refinery |
||||
|
Yukos - Kuibyshev Refinery |
||||
|
Yukos-Syzran Refinery |
||||
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Yukos-Strezhevskaya Refinery |
||||
|
Khabarovsk Oil Refinery |
||||
|
Sibneft - Omsk Oil Refinery |
||||
|
Rosneft-Tuapse Refinery |
||||
|
Rosneft-Komsomolsk Refinery |
||||
|
Total delivered to Russia |
As can be seen from the presented data, the volume of gasoline consumption in Russia fluctuates between 2-5%. The decline in gasoline consumption in 2003 was, in our opinion, due to a significant increase in fuel prices, driven by the rise in the price of crude oil. A slight increase in gasoline consumption in 2004, despite the rapid growth in the number of car owners, is explained, in our opinion, by a decrease in the number of cars with high fuel consumption per unit of mileage. The obtained dynamics of consumption refutes the opinions of analysts predicting a shortage of gasoline, although such statements are found in the domestic periodical press. So, according to the vice-president of Lukoil L. Fedun: “If oil refining capacities are not developed, then there will be a shortage and Russia will have to import more and more gasoline to meet market demand” Baskaev K. “Gasoline fever” / / Oil of Russia No. 3, 2006.-p.76. According to him, it is necessary to increase the production of gasoline in Russia by 4-5 million tons per year. K.Baskaev predicts a similar shortage of gasoline in 2007-2008, justifying it with an increase in the number of cars Baskaev K. "Petrol fever" / / Oil of Russia No. 3, 2006 .-p. However, even in the case of a rapid growth in gasoline consumption in the domestic market, the export of motor gasoline is characterized by a significant reserve. According to our calculations, in 2002 the export of gasoline amounted to 16%, in 2003 the export of gasoline amounted to 19% of the total output, and in 2004 -18%. At the same time, the export of petroleum products for most refineries located in the center of Russia is less profitable compared to sales on the domestic market. Therefore, in the event of an increase in the consumption of motor gasoline in Russia, oil companies will reduce exports and reorient their marketing policy without prejudice to themselves. In addition, one should take into account the fact that the production capacity domestic refineries is on average 70%, i.e. with an increase in demand for motor gasoline, enterprises have a certain reserve. Therefore, in our opinion, there is no need to commission new oil refining capacities focused on processing 4-5 million tons. In our opinion, it is advisable not to put new plants into operation, but to increase the capacity of secondary processes, which will make it possible to deepen refining and produce more high-quality motor gasoline from the same volume of refined oil.
In addition to oil refineries, oil products are produced at Gazprom's gas condensate plants; the total capacity of Gazprom's plants is designed to process 8.2 million tons of crude oil. RosBusinessConsultin. Oil refining industry. Industry Review.-2003. Traditionally, Gazprom's refineries are considered separately from other Russian refineries. Gas condensate is being processed at Gazprom's plants, a raw material that is much superior in quality to oil. This allows these refineries to obtain 85% of light oil products per ton of processed raw materials, while the average figure for Russian refineries, as we indicated earlier, ranges from 45 to 54%.
Fuel production is also carried out at mini-refineries. Currently, their number is about 40-50 units with a capacity of 20 to 500 thousand tons of processed oil per year. The number of mini-refineries in Russia is growing every year. This is due to several reasons. First, most of the refineries in Russia are owned by oil companies that refine their own oil. Small oil companies can supply oil for processing mainly to the Bashkir refineries, the Moscow Oil Refinery, Yaroslavnefteorgsintez, around which the relatively free market of oil products is concentrated. From which it can be seen that independent refining is concentrated in the Volga and Central federal districts, while oil production has gradually shifted to the Urals and Siberian federal districts. This led to a rapid increase in the number of mini-refineries in the regions of Western and Eastern Siberia. The appearance of mini-refineries, on the one hand, is dictated by the market and contributes to a decrease in the level of concentration and an increase in competition between fuel producers. However, fuels produced at mini-refineries are of poor quality. Primary distillation of oil is implemented at these units, which makes it possible to select a small fraction of valuable light fractions. Further processing of the heavy residue is not carried out at such plants, and raw materials containing a significant proportion of light residues are most often exported abroad, where fractions are separated from it at modern refineries for the production of diesel fuel and kerosene. Due to the absence of secondary processing processes, the fuel received at the mini-refinery does not meet modern quality standards, it is high-sulphur diesel fuel and low-octane gasoline. Thus, there is no question of any compliance with modern annually tightening standards for the quality of motor fuels. Accordingly, we believe that such competition from mini-refineries, based on the production of low-quality cheap fuels, negatively affects the innovation activity of large refineries. We do not share the positive assessment of the emergence of mini-refineries given by RosBusinessConsulting specialists, since we believe that the introduction of expensive secondary refining processes at mini-refineries will be an exception rather than a common practice. Thus, the construction of such refineries costing from $100 million to $650 million in Sverdlovsk, Novosibirsk, Magadan, Oryol regions is an illiterate investment decision. In the context of tightening environmental standards for the content of aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur in motor fuels, most of the mini-refineries will be forced to close due to the lack of financial resources for the implementation of secondary processes.
To assess the level of competition, the dynamics of the distribution of market shares of enterprises in the Russian gasoline sales market is of interest. (Table 1.4.)
Table 1.4. Market share of refineries and vertically integrated oil companies in the motor gasoline market in Russia Calculated by the author according to statistical collections of info fuel and energy complex consult Petrochemistry and oil refining T.1-3. for 2006,2005,2004, 2003
|
Refinery |
||||
|
Moscow refinery |
||||
|
Slavneft-Yaroslavnefteorgsintez |
||||
|
Slavneft-Yaroslavl Oil Refinery |
||||
|
TNK-BP Ryazan NPK |
||||
|
TNK-BP Saratov Refinery |
||||
|
TNK-Orsknefteorgsintez |
||||
|
LUKOIL-Ukhtaneftepererabotka |
||||
|
LUKOIL-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez |
||||
|
LUKOIL-Permnefteorgsintez |
||||
|
Lukoil - Volgogradneftepererabotka |
||||
|
Mari Refinery |
||||
|
Bashneftekhim-Ufimsky Refinery |
||||
|
Bashneftekhim-Novo-Ufimsky Refinery |
||||
|
Bashneftekhim-Ufaneftekhim |
||||
|
Salavatnefteorgsintez |
||||
|
Surgutneftegaz-Kirishinefteorgsintez (KINEF) |
||||
|
Tatneft - Nizhnekamsk Refinery |
||||
|
Yukos - Novokuibyshevsky Refinery |
||||
|
Yukos - Achinsk Oil Refinery |
||||
|
Yukos - Angarsk petrochemical company |
||||
|
Yukos - Kuibyshev Refinery |
||||
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Yukos-Syzran Refinery |
||||
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Yukos-Strezhevskaya Refinery |
||||
|
Khabarovsk Oil Refinery |
||||
|
Krasnodar Oil Refinery - KrasnodarEcoNeft |
||||
|
Afipsky branch of OOO Profit-4 (Krasnodarnefteorgsintez) |
||||
|
Sibneft - Omsk Oil Refinery |
||||
|
Rosneft-Tuapse Refinery |
||||
|
Rosneft-Komsomolsk Refinery |
||||
Based on the calculated market shares, we see that Yukos is the main supplier on the Russian motor gasoline market (20% in 2004 and 2005), contrary to popular belief that Lukoil is the leader in Russian oil refining. Thus, we can conclude that Lukoil, having the largest volumes of refined oil, exports a significant share of oil products.
As can be seen from the presented data, the market shares of most companies in 2003 and 2004 decreased due to the growth in sales of two major players in the Russian oil refining market - YUKOS - market growth - 1.6% and Lukoil - market growth - 0.4%. Of interest is the downward trend in refining volumes of the third largest competitor (total market share of about 16%), serving mainly independent refiners - the Bashneftekhim group of plants, as well as Salavatnefteorgsintez. So, we see an annual reduction in their market share by 1.5%. This indirectly indicates that the number of filling stations of large VIOCs is growing in Russia, while the growth rate of independent filling stations is low. Thus, there is a gradual displacement of independent filling stations and a corresponding strengthening of the positions of the largest Russian vertically integrated oil companies in the retail gasoline market in Russia. This, in our opinion, is the reason for the growth of the market share of TNK, Lukoil, Rosneft and the market share of Gazprom's refineries - the Omsk and Moscow refineries.
The second most liquid product of domestic oil refining is diesel fuel. The main consumers of diesel fuels in the Russian market are road transport with a high load capacity, river and sea vessels.
The range of diesel fuels entering the market is quite wide, although, ultimately, all diesel fuels can be combined into two groups: summer diesel fuel and winter diesel fuel. Within each of the groups, diesel fuels with a sulfur content of 0.05 to 0.5% by weight are isolated.
Table 1.5. Requirements for the quality of diesel fuels.
Diesel fuel produced in accordance with GOST 305-82 is the most common today in Russia. The quality of summer diesel fuel according to this standard is indicated in Table. 1.5. In addition to diesel fuel, corresponding to GOST 305-82, in Moscow and other major cities Russia uses a special "urban diesel fuel" with a maximum sulfur content of not more than 500 ppm wt. There are plans to change the standards for sulfur content in Russian diesel fuels: to reduce its content to 500 or 350 ppm weight, but so far they have not yet been approved by the Russian parliament. As for the countries of the European Union, the European Parliament approved in the EU member states the standard for the sulfur content in diesel fuel from January 1, 2005, no more than 50 wt.ppm and no more than 10 wt.ppm from 2008. Already now, thanks to the system of incentive taxation, environmentally friendly diesel fuels with a sulfur content of no more than 10 ppm weight are being produced in several large European countries. according to the 2008 standard. In the US, the EPA has proposed reducing the average sulfur content to 15 ppm by 2006, and by 2008, as in the EU, to no more than 10 ppm by weight. This tightening of standards for the sulfur content in fuels in developed countries is due to the extremely detrimental effect of sulfur dioxide on human health.
In addition to summer and winter diesel fuel, arctic and export fuels are also produced on the Russian market. In Russia, with its more severe climatic conditions and cold winters, the actual ratio of produced winter and summer grades of diesel fuels is less than in Canada and a number of European countries with similar climates, such as the Scandinavian countries. Our total production of arctic and winter diesel fuels in the total output is 12-13%, they have 20-25%. Balukova V.A., Zalishchevsky G.D., Kolesov M.L., Sadchikov I.A., Somov V.E. Strategic analysis of the technical restructuring of the enterprise / Ed. V.E. Somova.-SPb.: SPbGIEU, 2001.-p.150 The demand for winter and arctic fuel in Russia is 35% of the total volume of consumed diesel fuels, i.e. 2.5-3 times higher. Balukova V.A., Zalishchevsky G.D., Kolesov M.L., Sadchikov I.A., Somov V.E. Strategic analysis of the technical restructuring of the enterprise / Ed. V.E. Somova.-SPb.: SPbGIEU, 2001.-p.150 In Russia, the production of winter diesel fuels is associated with a high consumption of kerosene fractions, i.e. resources that are more expensive in the world jet fuel markets, which leads to a small production of this fuel.
In Russia, as can be seen from Fig. 1.2. diesel fuel consumption has been decreasing annually from 1999 to 2001. According to analysts, this was due to rising prices for this energy resource. However, in 2002 this trend was overcome, and diesel fuel consumption in the period from 2002 to 2005 fluctuated between 3-1.5%. In 2005 there was a sharp 10% increase in diesel fuel consumption. This is due, in our opinion, to an increase in the freight turnover of road transport associated with an increase in tariffs for rail transport.
Figure 1.2. Dynamics of diesel fuel consumption in the domestic market of Russia
In the Russian Federation, the main consumer of diesel fuel is trucks, which account for about 30% of all deliveries. A large segment of the market is also made up of agriculture and bus transportation (17-19% each). The rest account for about 30%, which includes consumption by rail and water transport, as well as consumption of diesel fuel by energy companies. The share of diesel fuel consumed by the population is 28%, and the share of gasoline sold on the domestic market to the population is 76%. Thus, we tend to argue that the demand for gasoline will be more elastic than for diesel.
The volumes of diesel fuel supplies by large refineries in Russia are presented in Table 1.6.
Table 1.6. Sales of diesel fuel by Russian refineries on the domestic market in 2002-2005
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Refinery |
||||
|
Moscow refinery |
||||
|
Slavneft-Yaroslavnefteorgsintez |
||||
|
Slavneft-Yaroslavl Oil Refinery |
||||
|
TNK-BP Ryazan NPK |
||||
|
TNK-BP Saratov Refinery |
||||
|
TNK-Orsknefteorgsintez |
||||
|
LUKOIL-Ukhtaneftepererabotka |
||||
|
LUKOIL-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez |
||||
|
LUKOIL-Permnefteorgsintez |
||||
|
Lukoil - Volgogradneftepererabotka |
||||
|
Mari Refinery |
||||
|
Bashneftekhim-Ufimsky Refinery |
||||
|
Bashneftekhim-Novo-Ufimsky Refinery |
||||
|
Bashneftekhim-Ufaneftekhim |
||||
|
Salavatnefteorgsintez |
||||
|
Surgutneftegaz-Kirishinefteorgsintez (KINEF) |
||||
|
Tatneft - Nizhnekamsk Refinery |
||||
|
Yukos - Novokuibyshevsky Refinery |
||||
|
Yukos - Achinsk Oil Refinery |
||||
|
Yukos - Angarsk petrochemical company |
||||
|
Yukos - Kuibyshev Refinery |
||||
|
Yukos-Syzran Refinery |
||||
|
Yukos-Strezhevskaya Refinery |
||||
|
Khabarovsk Oil Refinery |
||||
|
Krasnodar Oil Refinery - KrasnodarEcoNeft |
||||
|
Afipsky branch of OOO Profit-4 (Krasnodarnefteorgsintez) |
||||
|
Sibneft - Omsk Oil Refinery |
||||
|
Rosneft-Tuapse Refinery |
||||
|
Rosneft-Komsomolsk Refinery |
||||
|
Total delivered to Russia |
As can be seen from Table 1.6, the main suppliers of diesel fuel in Russia are the groups of companies Lukoil, Yukos and Bashneftekhim. In total, Russian refineries produced 50,215.1 thousand tons of diesel fuel in 2002, 52,523.4 thousand tons in 2003, 53,762.9 thousand tons in 2004, and 60,068.7 thousand tons of fuel in 2005. Subtracting the share of deliveries to Russia, we see that in 2002 47% of the produced diesel fuel was exported, in 2003 46.3% of the produced fuel, in 2004 48.1%, in 2005 - 49.2% of the fuel produced by Russian refineries . The main export market is North-West Europe (about 60-70%). The second most important is the Mediterranean market (~20-30%) and the third is the Singapore market (~8%). The share of other markets is insignificant.
The leader in terms of diesel fuel production is Lukoil, however, as shown by the results of calculations of the domestic market shares given in Table 1.7, the largest share of the Russian diesel fuel market is still occupied by Yukos. Over the four years under study, the most significant reduction in market share occurred at Lukoil by 5.5% and, accordingly, the market shares of Yukos increased by 6.1%, Rosneft and the Moscow Refinery by 3.8%.
Table 1.7. Market share of VIOCs in the domestic diesel fuel market
|
Refinery |
||||
|
Moscow refinery |
||||
|
Slavneft-Yaroslavnefteorgsintez |
||||
|
Slavneft-Yaroslavl Oil Refinery |
||||
|
TNK-BP Ryazan NPK |
||||
|
TNK-BP Saratov Refinery |
||||
|
TNK-Orsknefteorgsintez |
||||
|
LUKOIL-Ukhtaneftepererabotka |
||||
|
LUKOIL-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez |
||||
|
LUKOIL-Permnefteorgsintez |
||||
|
Lukoil - Volgogradneftepererabotka |
||||
|
Mari Refinery |
||||
|
Bashneftekhim-Ufimsky Refinery |
||||
|
Bashneftekhim-Novo-Ufimsky Refinery |
||||
|
Bashneftekhim-Ufaneftekhim |
||||
|
Salavatnefteorgsintez |
||||
 |
||||
|
Surgutneftegaz-Kirishinefteorgsintez (KINEF) |
||||
|
Tatneft - Nizhnekamsk Refinery |
||||
|
Yukos - Novokuibyshevsky Refinery |
||||
|
Yukos - Achinsk Oil Refinery |
||||
|
Yukos - Angarsk petrochemical company |
||||
|
Yukos - Kuibyshev Refinery |
||||
|
Yukos-Syzran Refinery |
||||
|
Yukos-Strezhevskaya Refinery |
||||
|
Khabarovsk Oil Refinery |
||||
|
Krasnodar Oil Refinery - KrasnodarEcoNeft |
||||
|
Afipsky branch of OOO Profit-4 (Krasnodarnefteorgsintez) |
||||
|
Sibneft - Omsk Oil Refinery |
||||
|
Rosneft-Tuapse Refinery |
||||
|
Rosneft-Komsomolsk Refinery |
||||
The analysis showed that formally between oil refineries and oil companies there is intense competition, and there are no reasons to initiate investigations by the FAS Russia. However, the growth of innovative activity inherent in the competitive relations of large integrated associations is also not observed. We believe that in this case, the antimonopoly authorities are avoiding the correct definition of the geographical boundaries of the commodity market. According to the procedure for determining the boundaries of the commodity market Order state committee RF on antimonopoly policy and support of new economic structures dated December 20, 1996 No. 169 on approval of the procedure for analyzing and assessing the state of the competitive environment in commodity markets. When determining the geographical boundaries of the market, the following factors are taken into account:
The ability to move demand between territories presumably included in a single geographical market, that is:
Availability Vehicle to move the buyer to the seller;
Insignificance* of transport costs for moving
buyer to seller, etc.;
Based on the above conditions, we see that it is wrong to consider the single domestic market for oil products in Russia as the geographical boundaries of the commodity market, since the motor gasoline market belongs to the consumer retail market. Obviously, only local markets, or at least regional markets, correspond to the conditions of insignificance of transport costs for moving a buyer to sellers. All of the above necessitated the study of the structure of regional markets marketing to identify real competition between oil refineries in Russia.
Why is it time to multiply the diesel fuel sales standard?on the exchange?
On July 29, the exchange prices of diesel fuel at the Moscow Refinery, Ryazan Oil Refinery and YANOS were 33,900–34,150 ₽/t. A day earlier, the export parity for pipeline batches of diesel fuel produced by the Moscow Refinery in the direction of Primorsk - the highest among existing export routes - collapsed to the level of 28,420 ₽ / t.
Thus, the domestic market premium for diesel fuel at refineries in the Central Federal District last Friday was at the level of 5,500 rubles per ton. Earlier there were episodes when the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia voiced claims against oil companies because of such a high domestic market premium for diesel fuel. In May, when the export of diesel fuel was more attractive compared to its sale on the domestic market, oil companies sharply reduced sales of goods on the stock exchange and increased export supplies.
Thus, in March 2016, the dominant companies sold 339 thousand tons of diesel fuel at SPIMEX in accordance with the requirements of the Joint Order of the FAS Russia and the Russian Ministry of Energy, according to the exchange. In April, the dominants sold 311,000 tons of diesel fuel, and in May - 233,000 tons of goods with the words "thank you that against the backdrop of premium exports, we have exceeded the standard." As a result, in May 2016, the exchange price of diesel fuel at refineries in the Central Federal District increased by more than 12% - from 30,600 to 34,350 ₽/t.
In May, the attractive export of diesel fuel allowed oil companies to explain both the decline in exchange sales of the commodity, the increase in exports, and the rise in prices.
By exporting diesel fuel, oil companies now receive 5,000–6,000 rubles per ton less than selling it on the domestic market. Despite this, we see neither a significant increase in sales of diesel fuel at SPIMEX, nor a decrease in exchange prices adequate to the dynamics of export parity. What is the reason, and how to fix this situation? To all appearances, the standard for selling diesel fuel on the exchange at the level of 5% of production for each dominant company and 4% of production for all dominant entities has collectively become obsolete. In the motor gasoline market, independent networks of filling stations and sales enterprises of oil companies compete for the product. Moreover, too active purchases of the latter are guaranteed to attract the attention of the FAS Russia.
In the diesel fuel market, in addition to independent networks of filling stations and "sales" of oil companies, there are industrial enterprises. For the last category of buyers, there is no such thing as a margin “on the gun”. In addition, industrialists may have a strong preference for diesel fuel from certain oil companies and refineries. As a result, we have a market for export-oriented diesel fuel, which often reacts worse to lower export parity than non-exportable gasoline. It follows from this that the existing standard for the sale of diesel fuel at SPIMEX is insufficient to meet demand on the stock exchange. As a result, instead of setting an adequate market price for diesel fuel, we periodically observe record domestic market premiums, which are nothing more than a reflection of insufficient supply of goods.
Thus, the optimal solution to the problem is to increase mandatory standard sales of diesel fuel at SPIMEX twice as compared to the current one, that is, up to 10% of production for each dominant company. By the way, for motor gasoline, it would be advisable to consider the introduction of a floating sales standard with minimum requirements at 20% during the high season from May to September. This would make it possible to provide an additional supply of goods on the market just when it is in high demand.
Analysis of the Russian oil products market Rinat Khantemirov, PKP MOBOIL
The current year is not going very well for the global oil refining industry. Graph 1 on page 5 shows the evolution of prices for oil and basic petroleum products since July 2014 (according to Thomson Reuters). The values as of July 3, 2014 are taken as 100%. It can be seen, for example, that on January 20, 2016, at the peak of the fall, fuel oil prices were only 17% of the level on July 3, 2014.
Table 1 on page 4 shows the absolute values of quotes and their changes from the level as of July 3, 2014
in July 2014, 2015 and 2016 (according to Thomson Reuters).
Last year, the production of gasoline and diesel fuel brought refiners good income as their prices declined more slowly than oil prices. However, in 2016 the situation was reversed.
Demand for gasoline in the world this summer was below expectations. Gasoline inventories, built up during a period of high refining margins and in hopes of strong demand this summer, hit record levels. And, worst of all, gasoline prices this year began to decline a month earlier than in 2015.
Let's return to the Russian market of oil products, which, as a rule, takes on a life of its own in the summer.
Motor gasoline market
According to the CDU TEK, the marketable balance of motor gasoline at refineries and oil companies has stabilized at the level of 1.7 million tons since mid-June. So, on July 25, they amounted to 1.724 million tons, which is about 25 thousand tons more than a year back.
There are still two months of relatively high demand for motor gasoline ahead. However, in my opinion, the market is already ready to turn around, and in the next week or two, gasoline prices will start to fall. In other words, the downward trend in prices on the Russian gasoline market this year is likely to set in earlier than in previous years.
As we can see, in 2013 gasoline prices held until mid-September, and in 2015 - until the end of August. The anomalous 2014 is not taken into account due to numerous accidents at factories. This year, the Russian gasoline market is likely to come out of the summer high price range before mid-August. The reasons are a decrease in domestic consumption, sufficient volumes of class 5 gasoline production, and a “sparing” schedule of refinery repairs in the fall.
Table 2 below shows the CDU TEK data on the total downtime of the primary capacities of Russian refineries due to repairs in 2016, 2015 and 2013, broken down by months.
In August-October 2016, the retiring capacities of primary processing will amount to 5,658 thousand tons. For comparison: for the same period in 2015, the retiring capacities of primary processing amounted to 10,142 thousand tons, and in August-October 2013 - 7,633 thousand tons. with this, oil companies will probably not build up stocks of oil products for the period of autumn repairs and will prefer to sell off the August goods for open market as long as it gives a high premium to export parity. In previous years, let me remind you, the accumulation of gasoline stocks before repairs supported prices due to a temporary decrease in supply on the market and the creation of artificial demand on a number of bases.
The fall in world prices for oil and oil products has made the Russian market highly premium. This attracts Belarusian sellers to our market and increases the potential for future price drops. In the absence of force majeure situations, the scenario of a decrease in gasoline prices described above, in my opinion, is the most probable. A possible slight rise in prices at the beginning of August will most likely be the last upward movement of the market before the start of a decline in prices.
Diesel fuel market
According to the CDU TEK, the commercial balance of diesel fuel at refineries, oil companies and in the Transnefteprodukt system on July 25 amounted to 2.09 million tons, which is about 100 thousand tons lower than a year ago. At the end of last week, the export parity for summer diesel fuel was 27,500–28,500 ₽/t for refineries in the Volga region. Domestic prices at the same plants were at the level of 32,300–33,300 ₽/t.
Diesel fuel prices are supported by high demand for fuel and lubricants due to harvesting operations and relatively small residuals of diesel fuel.
On the other hand, the price of diesel fuel is under pressure from low export parity and falling domestic prices for oil for August delivery by 1,500–2,000 rubles compared to July shipments. The second factor will cause cheaper substitutes for diesel fuel, which are produced by mini-refineries.
Taken together, these factors leave no chance for diesel prices to rise. Diesel fuel prices are likely to continue to decline gradually. Moreover, in the event of an increase in sales of goods, prices may collapse.
Fuel oil market
The same drivers - low export parity and the upcoming reduction in the price of mini-refinery products - put pressure on the fuel oil market as well.
Prices are supported by low sales volumes. However, as soon as the market appears additional item, prices are dropping.
In mid-August, purchases of fuel oil for the needs of power engineers begin, which may support the cost of fuel on the stock exchange for some time.
Market methods.
Since the beginning of the 1990s, the situation in the oil product supply market has been largely determined by the activities of large vertically integrated oil companies (VIOCs).With the abolition of the USSR Goskomnefteprodukt, a process began active creation in various regions of the Russian Federation VIOC. They included regional oil product supply enterprises with a network of gas stations. The attractiveness of the regions was determined by the location of oil refineries and oil pipelines, as well as the concentration of consumers - industrial enterprises that have the ability to pay with "live" money. In 1996-1999, agreements between VIOCs and regional administrations became one of the additional tools for influencing sales markets. More than half of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have entered into agreements of this kind. As a result, a situation has developed when individual oil companies, in fact, determined the situation in the market of individual regions by linking other economic entities to their infrastructure for storing and marketing petroleum products, which could not but affect the state of the wholesale and retail market of petroleum products.
In general, the wholesale segment of the oil and oil products market in the period up to 1999 can be characterized as a regional monopoly, since, as a rule, only one VIOC dominated in the respective regions. The monopolization of the market was carried out through the wholesale link, and in some cases through the use transport infrastructure. At the same time, competition in the retail network was quite high. However, in the conditions of the price crisis of 1999, independent sellers of petroleum products were placed by oil companies in conditions of commodity shortage by the requirement to purchase only large quantities of products on a full prepayment basis. As a result, independent sellers were forced to buy products at inflated prices, which was reflected in the price level in retail. In turn, oil product supply enterprises focused on the market prices. In many cases, there were interruptions in the work of independent sellers, and the share of VIOCs in retail trade increased significantly. Accordingly, concentration indicators in the wholesale market also changed in favor of VIOCs. The sale of petroleum products within VIOCs was often organized through chains of their own intermediary companies, which created the conditions for a game to increase wholesale and retail prices, including by creating an artificial shortage, regardless of the real state of the commodity market. Another important reason for interruptions in the provision of the domestic market with petroleum products in the period under review was the growth in world oil prices, which stimulated oil companies to increase export deliveries to the detriment of the domestic market.
Since 2000, the working conditions in the wholesale and retail market of petroleum products have changed. There is a steady trend towards the creation of oligopolistic markets, where the main market share is occupied by two or three oil companies, each of which may not fall under the formal signs of dominance. However, it is clear that such “friendly” competition has a negative impact on independent competitors and consumers.
It should also be noted that VIOCs, of course, remain the dominant business entities in the market for the provision of services for the storage of petroleum products and oil refining. It is noted that economic entities have difficulty in accessing oil storage facilities, and small and medium-sized enterprises in the oil sector do not have access to the capacities of oil refineries that are part of the VIOC structure.
Products offered by competing companies to customers are generally homogeneous, so the main success factors are the timeliness of deliveries and price.
The main characteristics of the industry.
The total number of enterprises in the oil and petrochemical industries exceeds 8,000 (of which about 800 are large and medium-sized).
However, despite the significant number of companies involved in the oil sector, hallmark industry, is a high concentration of business. Weighted average concentration factor reflecting the share of 4 largest companies in sub-sectors (taking into account the "contribution" to the total volume of production in the industry) is 52.82%.
Enterprises of the oil and petrochemical industries have powerful production resources. Industry enterprises are widely represented in the rating of the two hundred largest industrial enterprises of Russia "Expert-200".
The pressing problems in the development of oil refining are high transport tariffs, disparity in prices for petroleum products in the domestic and foreign markets. Serious barrier to recovery market competition is the low level of access of small and medium-sized oil refineries to oil refining services at large enterprises, which, as a rule, are part of vertically integrated structures. Oil refineries do not accept small volumes of oil from small companies on a toll basis, and to ensure the profitability of oil refining, long-term supplies of at least 50,000 tons of oil per month are needed. Such results can only be achieved if the volume of oil produced is consolidated by several business entities. However, according to the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, the consolidation of small volumes of oil is complicated by the existing scheme of cargo flows, which does not allow the planned supply of oil to refineries in the direction that coincides with the scheme of technological cargo flows. To solve this problem, it is necessary to replace the oil of some shippers with the oil of others, or to consolidate oil in order to be able to deliver it in one direction. According to the Ministry of Antimonopoly Policy of the Russian Federation, oil can be consolidated on the trading floors of stock exchanges during the trading process, which will allow supporting independent market participants.
In general, the wholesale segment of the oil and petroleum products market is typified as a regional monopoly, since in the respective regions of the country, one of the vertically integrated oil companies, as a rule, occupies an indisputably dominant position. The monopolization of the market is carried out through the wholesale link (oil depots), and also in some cases through the transport infrastructure.
At the same time, a very small number of oil companies can successfully compete in world markets due to the insignificant volume of economic turnover in terms of global scale.
The oil segment of the oil industry is far behind the world giants in the production of oils. All domestic manufacturers work on old, worn-out equipment built back in Soviet times. Today, synthetic base oils are practically not produced in the Russian Federation, which serve as the basis for the production of synthetic motor oils.
About 2.5-2.6 million tons of oils are produced annually in the Russian Federation. Almost the entire volume is mineral oils, which are produced by 12 refineries, which include oil production, as well as several oil plants. Almost 20% of production is exported, with base oils mainly exported. Of the entire variety of lubricants, about 45% of the produced volumes fall on motor oils, and taking into account imports, their share in total consumption is approximately 55-60%. The dynamics of changes in the volume of oils production in Russia is given in table number 1.
Table number 1.
Production of lubricating oils in the Russian Federation in million tons
| year 2000 | year 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 (forecast) |
| 2481,2 | 2572,8 | 2518,2 | 2530 | 2606,5 |
A more significant increase in the physical volumes of lubricating oil production in Russia, according to experts, is unlikely. Modern machines and mechanisms consume oils more economically, which somewhat hinders the growth of their production.
No more than 12-14% of the total Russian consumption of oils is imported to Russia, however, imports are high-quality grades of motor oils - mineral, semi-synthetic and synthetic, with which domestic products do not even compete.
"Ordinary" grades of motor oils (about 90% of the total Russian production), as a rule, are sold in bulk and have a fairly wide range of regular consumers - large enterprises, truck fleets with heavy vehicles, the Ministry of Defense, agriculture, etc.
The structure of oil production in the Russian Federation is given in diagram number 1.
Diagram #1. Types of oils produced in Russia.
Competitive environment.
The largest oil producer is LUKOIL, which accounts for about 42% of the total domestic production.
Until 2001, TNK-BP, Yukos, Bashneftekhimzavody occupied approximately equal segments in the production of oils, 12-13% each. In 2002, TNK-BP, after acquiring Orsknefteorgsintez and almost doubling the volume of oils produced at this refinery, increased its market share to 18%. And in the short term, after the division of Yukos assets with Sibneft, it can further increase its niche. In turn, Bashneftekhimzavozdy almost halved the volumes of lubricants produced, and by the end of 2002 it occupied only 7% of the market.
The "oil" areas of all refineries without exception were built back in the days of the USSR and the vast majority are morally and physically obsolete. The production potential of Russian refineries is 99% represented by the processes of extraction extraction of oils (phenol, furfural, etc.), therefore, such important characteristics of consumer properties as the viscosity index of oils and their sulfur content depend to a decisive extent on the composition of the oil supplied to the refinery .
The raw material for the majority of refineries is “Urals pipeline mixture, in connection with which, according to experts, the base oils are, in fact, of a satisfactory quality for all. Until the summer of 2003, two "Lukoil" plants "Permnefteorgsintez" and "Volgogradneftepererabotka", "sitting" on the Kholmogory-Klin oil pipeline, through which light low-sulfur Siberian oil was previously transported, stood somewhat apart. According to LUKOIL, this allowed the company to obtain oils 5-7% cheaper compared to similar grades of motor oils (primarily diesel) of most other companies. After the Urals mixture went through the Kholmogory-Klin oil pipeline, only the products of the Omsk Oil Refinery (Sibneft), still operating on light Siberian oils, retained the advantage.
The competitiveness of Russian oil products in the European market is at a low level. The main volume of oil products produced at Russian enterprises does not meet European standards. Mostly, diesel fuels of low (by European standards) quality in terms of sulfur content (0.2 and higher), fuel oil, base oils, straight-run gasoline, vacuum gas oil and other relatively cheap products are exported.
The prospects for the development of oil production in most domestic companies are associated with an increase in the quality of manufactured products. Improving the quality of oils, in turn, has two directions, and both represent a practically unplowed field for Russian producers.
The first direction is to improve the quality of the base oil through the introduction of hydrogenation processes at refineries and, in particular, the processes of catalytic hydrocracking and hydroisomerization of vacuum distillation products. Oil after hydrocracking contains much more isoparaffins and does not have harmful impurities in the form of sulfur and nitrogen, and most importantly, its quality no longer depends on the composition of crude oil.
The second direction is the creation of our own modern capacities for the production of additives, the cost of which makes up the bulk of the oil price (up to 60-70%), although the share in the volume of the finished product does not exceed 15% (usually 5-12%). Russian factories produce about 90 thousand tons of additives per year, while the market needs 110-120 thousand tons. At the same time, additives for high-quality oils are practically not produced in Russia; domestic additives are suitable only for oils of low and medium quality. An exception is the Novokuibyshevsk Plant of Oils and Additives (YUKOS), which has mastered the domestic additive Dersol-300.
Russian companies are trying to set up the production of licensed additives at their facilities, in particular, LUKOIL is negotiating with Chevron Oronite to establish a joint venture in Volgograd. However, the prospects this project assessed by experts as low.
Against the backdrop of solving problems of improving the quality of oils, many refineries are establishing or have already launched the production of packaged highly profitable products, which are sold under the manufacturer's brand.
According to LUKOIL, oils account for 4% of all oil products produced by the company, while in value terms they account for 8.5% of revenue. At the same time, packaged oils “with a brand”, as the company said, are 2.5-3 times more profitable to sell than in bulk.
To date, only LUKOIL, TNK-BP and Yukos among domestic manufacturers in Russia have acquired their own brand. So far, LUKOIL is in the lead, according to which its share in the all-Russian market of packaged high-quality oils is 50%.
The oil production development program developed by LUKOIL provides for an increase in the annual production of oils to 1.3 million tons by 2005 and to increase the share of its packaged oils on the market to 60%.
This program also provides for the production, packaging and marketing of oils in the countries of near and far abroad using base oils. Which are produced by "Lukoil" refineries in Russia. First of all, attention is paid to Ukraine with its very capacious market. The company is already more than a year is negotiating the creation of a joint venture with Berdyansk OAO Azov Oils and Lubricants (Azmol). LUKOIL is ready to invest up to $4 million in the modernization of oil production at Azmol in order to produce up to 65 thousand tons of bulk and 2.5 thousand tons of packaged oils per year on the basis of Lukoil base oils, which will amount to 16 -18% of the Ukrainian market. In addition, LUKOIL's plans include the creation of a similar production facility in Bulgaria.
Also, LUKOIL was the first to achieve recognition of the conformity of its products to API and ACEA quality standards, having spent about $1 million on international recognition. As a result, Lukoil oils received the approval of Volkswagen AG, DaimlerCrysler, BMW Group, Porsche AG.
TNK, having created a joint venture with Texas in 2000 on the basis of the Ryazan refinery, has increased sales of oils under the TNK brand in small plastic containers by 7 times, in barrels, which are also "branded" - by 4 times. This helped Ryazan products to take 10% of the all-Russian market of motor oils and 15% of Moscow, where the competition from imported products is strongest. The company plans to increase its share in the Russian oil market to 30%.
Packaged oils of Yukos - the brand "U-Tech" appeared on the market only in 2002, but already now the segment occupied by Yukos in the packaged oils market is about 10%. Within 5 years, the company intends to invest $50 million in improving oil technologies at the Angarsk Oil and Gas Company in order to bring product quality up to European standards.
The rest of the packaged oils market - about 30% - is accounted for by imported products.
Fakes are a headache for brand manufacturers. Moreover, the share of counterfeits in some regions of the Russian Federation reaches 40%. As a result, companies have to improve not only the quality of oils, but also the packaging and protection of their products. Almost all "oil" refineries have built or are building automatic lines for the production of canisters and barrels made of plastic, and their forms are very difficult to reproduce in artisanal conditions. Each "packaging" is supplied with a label with several degrees of protection.
Quite a “problem area” in the Russian oil market is the segment of synthetic oils. Base synthetic oil is a chemical production product that is distantly related to oil refining: polyalphaolefins are used in its production in the vast majority of cases. The raw materials for which are decenes and unsaturated linear hydrocarbons - relatives of ethylene.
The annual demand of the Russian market for synthetic and semi-synthetic oils is estimated at 75 thousand tons, of which about 40 thousand tons are for the needs of the Ministry of Defense. Today, the only domestic producer of the synthetic "base" is the Volgograd Oil Refinery, where there is a small unit with a capacity of only 20 thousand tons per year, which is completely taken by the military.
The factories of LUKOIL, TNK-BP and Yukos produce synthetic motor oils, but they are all made from an imported "base".
At present, the production of its own synthetic base oils in Russia for the production of consumer products is being established by Tatneft. Together with Nizhnekamskneftekhim, the company created OOO Tatneft-Nizhnekamskneftekhimoil (74% owned by Tatneft, 26% by Nizhnekamskneftekhim), which controls a set of activities for the production of synthetic oils. The capacity of the first stage will be -10 thousand tons of synthetic base oils per year. In total, it is planned to produce 60 thousand tons of synthetic and semi-synthetic oils per year. Raw materials for the Nizhnekamsk plant of synthetic oils will come from the oligomer plant, which is part of Nizhnekamskneftekhim.
The estimated cost of the Nizhnekamsk synthetic base will be $1.7-1.8 thousand per ton, against $2.2-2.3 thousand per ton of imported base. With such a margin of price stability, Nizhnekamsk "synthetics" is able to occupy a noticeable niche among the "oil" giants in the Russian market.
The dynamics of changes in the lubricating oil market in Russia is given in table number 2..
Table number 2
. Dynamics of the lubricants market.
Market prospects in 2004. Trends and changes in the market structure.
An important factor influencing the state of the domestic market of the Russian Federation , as the market observation statistics have shown for many years, has become a factor that for convenience can be called as follows: “the level of world prices for crude oil”. The weighted averages are calculated through oil exchanges, and the high price of oil “pulls up” the prices of refined products, primarily fuel oil and diesel fuel (half of the production volume of which is exported from the Russian Federation). The system works in the following way: with a sharp increase in prices for oil products and oil, Russian companies tend to “pour out” more oil and oil products for export, while the needs of the domestic market are not taken into account. As a result, the price of oil rises in the domestic market (it has become less). Then the expensive oil is “brought in” for processing, while the output oil products also become more expensive, the exported volumes of oil products already expose the market and the situation leads to an increase in prices. When analyzing fluctuations in world oil prices over the year, government decisions to adjust customs duties and the dynamics of domestic market price indices, an obvious correlation between them is revealed. Moreover, the time lag in case of a sharp rise or fall in oil prices usually ranges from 10 to 14 days.The domestic market for petroleum products is not growing at a fast pace. The only good news is the increase in the number of private cars, which leads to growth in the fuel and lubricants retail sector in big cities.
In 2003, Russia took the first place in oil production, overtaking Saudi Arabia. Complex politics maneuvering, which the government led in the past year, allowed it to exert a significant influence on the world oil market. The ideological support of OPEC and the unwillingness to join it, the promises of stable oil supplies to the United States and China, the development of Caspian and offshore projects - these are the main "cards" in the world oil game used by Russia.
In 2004, according to the Deputy Minister of Energy of the Russian Federation Oleg Gordeev, the expected oil production in Russia will be 430-450 million tons. Now the increase in oil production is about 10-10.5%. none Russian company to date does not reduce production. Every quarter, the pipeline system increases the pumping of oil for export. Russia is increasing export volumes. At the same time, commodity stocks in the Transneft system and other systems of main oil pipelines are at an optimal level.
World oil prices should remain high during 2004 - Wall Street Journal. The opinion about the inevitable decline in oil prices is based on forecasts of an increase in supplies from Iraq. However, even if the Iraqis finally stop blowing up oil pipelines, exports from that country in 2004 will not exceed only 2 million barrels per day compared to the current 1.6 million barrels per day. At the same time, the general recovery of the world economy and the growing appetites of China will inevitably lead to a surge in demand for "black gold" and will not allow oil prices to fall too low. Of course, current oil prices will not last long, but even if they fall, they are likely to remain at a high level throughout 2004. According to forecasts of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation in 2004, the price of oil will be $22.5 per barrel.
Throughout 2003, the domestic market of petroleum products was in a fever, its configuration was changing. There are fewer and fewer independent market operators, both in the large wholesale and retail segments. Large oil companies not only compete fiercely with each other in regional markets, but also diligently oust independent operators. It is extremely difficult for the latter to compete on the price of a product with a regional representative office (or branch) of an oil company. So, in particular, in the Sverdlovsk region, independent market operators purchase products from Bashkir plants, and the oil companies LUKOIL and Sibneft, competing with each other in this market, set the price at the region’s oil depots in such a way that other operators simply “do not pass” through prices. Over the past few years, independent operators have been actively using the deferred payment mechanism, but there are serious concerns among experts about the gradual “phasing out” of this practice.
Not only small and medium-sized operators are squeezed out of the market, but also owners of gas stations or small networks gas station. At the same time, the number of filling stations in the country is increasing due to the introduction of new filling stations of large oil companies (federal brands) or large local operators (regional brands or franchising of federal brands).
For Russian oil industry the shift of emphasis from oil production and refining to the independent sale of oil products is a relatively new phenomenon. The economic background of this process has long been clear: the maximum profit can be obtained by trading in refined products. Moreover, this concept of market marketing makes the production and marketing of products, as well as the provision of services, directly dependent on consumer needs, detailed market research, consumer assessments of the range and quality.
In 2004, the redistribution of regional markets by oil companies will continue. Nevertheless, despite unequal competitive opportunities, small and medium-sized oil companies have a chance to stay and gain a foothold in the market by building vertically integrated structures that include the most profitable areas of work with oil products and conquer niches in certain regions that have not yet been mastered by large oil companies. , as well as through the use of franchising schemes of work.
At the same time, it is important to take into account that the dynamically developing oil products trading market is characterized by high competition, and only those companies that use Hi-tech and constantly analyze the state of the external environment and the effectiveness of their own business.
Tatyana Sukhova, director
Center for Marketing Research ASPECTUM.
In preparing the material, data from the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, InfoTEK, calculationsCenter for Marketing ResearchASPECTUM, materials from open media sources.
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- Analyze the volume and structure of oil products production in the Russian Federation;
- Analyze the volume and structure of exports and imports of petroleum products in the Russian Federation;
- Collect background information about the main players in the Russian oil products market;
- To identify trends and prospects for the development of the Russian market of petroleum products.
- Collection and analysis of statistical information (data Federal Service state statistics, EMISS, FCS);
- Analysis of financial information of a specialized database of Russian enterprises;
- Collection and analysis of secondary information from printed and electronic business and specialized publications.
- gasoline (by type);
- oil bitumen (by types);
- diesel fuel (by types);
- fuel oil (by types);
- reclaimed rubber;
- petroleum coke (by type);
- petroleum oils (by types);
- synthetic acetone;
- kerosene (by type).
- motor gasoline (by types);
- gasoline gas;
- synthetic acetone;
- oil bitumen (by types);
- kerosenes (by types);
- gas condensate (by type);
- petroleum and shale coke;
- fuel oil;
- petroleum oils (by types);
- reclaimed rubber;
- diesel fuel (by type).
- automobile, motor and other gasolines;
- kerosene and jet fuel, other kerosene;
- lubricating oils and others;
- fuel oil;
- petroleum coke;
- petroleum bitumen;
- other oil bitumen, asphalt, bituminous mixtures;
- other oil refining residues.
The study analyzes the dynamics of the production of petroleum products in Russia by type, shows regional structure production. The price situation is considered, forecasts of production volume for 2017 are presented.
In addition to a detailed analysis of import-export operations (volume of deliveries by years and months, leading import and export countries), the study contains information about the main players in the oil products market in Russia.
Last update date: 10/15/2017.
Attention! A study updated to the current date is provided within 3 business days.
Purpose of the study
Analysis of the Russian market of oil products.
Research objectives:
Research methods:
Products analyzed in the study:
Production:
Price situation:
Import and export:
Description
Project Summary
Socio-economic characteristics of the Russian Federation
Production
International trade
Demographic situation
Employment
Standard of living and income of the population
General characteristics of petroleum products
Classification of petroleum products
Analysis of the Russian oil products market
Production of petroleum products in the Russian Federation
Petroleum oils
Remains of oil refining
Price situation
Kerosenes
Gas condensate
Petroleum and shale coke
Fuel oil
Oils, incl. petroleum oils
Reclaimed rubber
Diesel fuel
Analysis of import and export of petroleum products
Import of oil products from Russia
Volume and dynamics of imports
Monthly dynamics of imports
Structure and dynamics of imports by countries
Structure of imports by regions of import
Export of oil products from the Russian Federation
Volume and dynamics of exports
Monthly dynamics of exports
Structure and dynamics of exports by countries
Export structure by export regions
Major players in the oil products market
Gazprom
"LUKOIL"
Rosneft
Surgutneftegaz
"TRANSNEFT"
"Tatneft"
NOVATEK
ANK Bashneft
"New Stream"
Trends and prospects of the Russian oil products market
Applications
Annex 1. List of tables and diagrams
List of tables
Table 2. Structure of use cash income population of the Russian Federation, January—December 2016
Table 3. Volume of oil production by the largest Russian oil companies, 2013-2015
Table 4. Volume of oil refining by the largest Russian oil companies, 2013-2015
Table 5. Structure of the volume of imports of automotive, motor and other gasolines by federal districts of import, 2016
Table 6. Structure of the volume of imports of automotive, motor and other gasolines by constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 2015—2016
Table 7. The structure of the volume of imports of kerosene, jet fuel and other kerosene by federal districts of import, 2016
Table 8. The structure of the volume of imports of kerosene, jet fuel and other kerosene by constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 2015—2016
Table 9. Structure of the volume of imports of lubricants and other oils by federal districts of import, 2016
Table 10. The structure of the volume of imports of lubricating oils and other oils by constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 2015—2016
Table 11. Structure of fuel oil imports by constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 2015—2016
Table 12. Structure of import volume of petroleum coke by federal districts of import, 2016
Table 13. Structure of imports of petroleum coke by constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 2015—2016
Table 14. The structure of the volume of imports of oil bitumen by federal districts of imports, 2016
Table 15. The structure of the volume of imports of oil bitumen by the subjects of the Russian Federation, 2015-2016
Table 16. The structure of the volume of imports of other oil bitumen and asphalt, bituminous mixtures by federal districts of import, 2016
Table 17. The structure of imports of other oil bitumen and asphalt, bituminous mixtures by constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 2015—2016
Table 18. Structure of import volume of other oil refining residues by federal districts of import, 2016
Table 19. Structure of imports of other oil refining residues by constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 2015—2016
Table 20. Structure of the volume of exports of motor, motor and other gasolines by federal districts of export, 2016
Table 21. Structure of the volume of exports of motor, motor and other gasolines by constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 2015—2016
Table 22. The structure of the volume of exports of kerosene jet fuel by federal districts of export, 2016
Table 23. Structure of export volumes of kerosene, jet fuel and other kerosene to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 2015—2016
Table 24. The structure of the volume of exports of lubricating oils and other oils by federal districts of export, 2016
Table 25. The structure of the volume of exports of lubricating oils and other oils by the subjects of the Russian Federation, 2015-2016
Table 26. Structure of fuel oil export volume by export federal districts, 2016
Table 27. The structure of fuel oil export volumes by constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 2015—2016
Table 28. Structure of export volume of petroleum coke by export federal districts, 2016
Table 29. Structure of export volume of petroleum coke by constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 2015—2016
Table 30. The structure of export volume of oil bitumen by federal districts of export, 2016
Table 31. The structure of the volume of exports of oil bitumen by the subjects of the Russian Federation, 2015-2016
Table 32. The structure of the volume of exports of other oil bitumen and asphalts, bituminous mixtures by federal districts of export, 2016
Table 33. The structure of the volume of exports of other oil bitumen and asphalts, bituminous mixtures by regions of the Russian Federation, 2015—2016
Table 34. Structure of the volume of exports of other oil refining residues by federal districts of export, 2016
Table 35. Structure of export volume of other oil refining residues by constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 2015—2016
Table 36. Volumes of oil and gas condensate refining by PJSC Gazprom and its subsidiaries, 2011—2016
Table 37. Production volumes of the main types of gas and oil processing products of PJSC Gazprom and its subsidiaries, 2016
Table 38. Natural gas reserves of NOVATEK, 2010-2016
Table 39. Liquid hydrocarbon reserves of NOVATEK, 2010-2016
Table 40. Total hydrocarbon reserves of NOVATEK, 2010-2015
Table 41. Commercial production of hydrocarbons by NOVATEK, 1h2016—1h2017
List of diagrams
Diagram 1. Dynamics of Russia's GDP in current prices, 1q2011—2q2017
Diagram 2. Dynamics of Russia's foreign trade turnover, 1q2011—2q2017
Diagram 4. Dynamics of the volume of foreign trade with non-CIS countries and CIS countries, 2010 - January-August 2017
Diagram 5. Surplus and deficit of the consolidated and federal budgets Russian Federation, 2006—2016
Diagram 6. Dynamics of volumes of lending to resident legal entities and individual entrepreneurs in rubles and foreign currency and precious metals, 2009 — 01.09.2017
Diagram 7. Dynamics of lending volumes individuals in rubles and in foreign currency and precious metals, 2009 - 01.09.2017
Diagram 9. Dynamics money supply(M2) in Russia, 2004 - 09/01/2017
Diagram 10. Permanent population of the Russian Federation, 1995 - 09/01/2017
Diagram 11. Distribution federal districts Russia by population, 2016
Diagram 13. Economically active population of the Russian Federation, 2004-2016
Diagram 14. Dynamics of changes in the number of employed and unemployed population of the Russian Federation, 2004-2016
Diagram 15. Distribution of the number of employed and unemployed population by districts of the Russian Federation, September 2017
Chart 16. Structure of the unemployed (according to ILO methodology) by gender, September 2017
Diagram 17. Dynamics of the average nominal wages and quantities living wage in Russia, 2q2012—2q2017
Diagram 18. Dynamics of the average quarterly cost of the minimum set of food products and a fixed set of consumer goods and services in Russia, January 2013 - July 2017
Diagram 19. Structure consumer spending of households in the Russian Federation, 2q2017
Chart 20. Dynamics of the volume of production of motor gasoline and natural gas, 2010-2017P
Diagram 21. Monthly dynamics of the volume of production of motor gasoline, September 2016 - September 2017
Diagram 22. Monthly dynamics of the production of natural gasoline, November 2015 - December 2016
Diagram 23. The structure of the volume of production of motor gasoline and natural gas by federal districts, 2016
Diagram 24. Dynamics of the volume of production of gasoline of automobile class 2,3,4,5, 2011-2014
Diagram 25. Dynamics of the volume of production of gasoline of automobile class 2,3,4,5, 2015—2017P
Diagram 26. Monthly dynamics of production of gasoline of automobile class 2 and class 3, November 2015 - December 2016
Diagram 27. Monthly dynamics of production of gasoline of automobile class 4 and class 5, November 2015 - December 2016
Diagram 28. Monthly dynamics of the volume of production of motor gasoline with an octane rating of more than 80, but not more than 92; with an octane rating of more than 92, but not more than 95, January - September 2017
Diagram 29. Monthly dynamics of the volume of production of motor gasoline with an octane rating of more than 95, but not more than 98; with an octane rating of more than 98, January - September 2017
Diagram 30. Production volume structure of automotive class 2 and class 3 gasoline by federal districts, 2016
Diagram 31. Structure of the volume of production of gasoline of automobile class 4 and class 5 by federal districts, 2016
Diagram 32. Dynamics of the volume of production of special gasoline and straight-run gasoline, 2010-2017P
Diagram 33. Monthly dynamics of the volume of production of special gasolines, November 2015 - December 2016
Diagram 34. Monthly dynamics of the volume of production of straight-run gasoline, aviation gasoline, January - September 2017
Diagram 35. The structure of the volume of production of special gasoline and straight-run gasoline by federal districts, 2016
Diagram 36. Dynamics of bitumen production volume, 2015—2017P
Diagram 37. Monthly dynamics of the volume of production of petroleum bitumen, January - September 2017
Diagram 38. Monthly dynamics of production volume of oil road bitumen, September 2016 - September 2017
Diagram 39. Monthly dynamics of the volume of production of oil construction, roofing, insulating and similar bitumen; oil and shale bitumen, not included in other groups, other, November 2015 - December 2016
Chart 40
Diagram 41. Production volume structure of oil road bitumen and oil construction, roofing, insulating and similar bitumen by federal districts, 2016
Diagram 42. The structure of production volume of oil and shale bitumen, not included in other groups, other by federal districts, 2016
Diagram 43. Dynamics of production volume of diesel fuel class 2, 3, 4, 5, 2011-2014
Diagram 44. Dynamics of production volume of diesel fuel class 2, 3, 4, 5, 2015—2017E
Chart 45. Monthly dynamics of diesel class 2 and class 3 fuel production, November 2015—December 2016
Diagram 46. Monthly dynamics of production of diesel class 4 and class 5 fuel, November 2015 - December 2016
Diagram 47. The structure of the volume of production of diesel fuel class 2 and class 3 by federal districts, 2016
Diagram 48. The structure of the volume of production of diesel fuel class 4 and class 5 by federal districts, 2016
Diagram 49. Dynamics of the volume of production of Arctic diesel fuel and winter diesel fuel, 2010-2017P
Diagram 50. Monthly dynamics of the volume of production of winter and arctic diesel fuel, September 2016 - September 2017
Diagram 51. Structure of the volume of production of winter and arctic diesel fuel by federal districts, 2016
Diagram 52. Dynamics of production of summer diesel fuel, other diesel fuel, 2010—2017P
Diagram 53. Monthly dynamics of the volume of production of diesel fuel in summer, September 2016 - September 2017
Diagram 54. Monthly dynamics of production of diesel fuel for summer and other, November 2015 - December 2016
Diagram 55. Structure of the volume of production of diesel fuel, summer and other, by federal districts, 2016
Diagram 56. Dynamics of fuel oil production volume, 2010—2017P
Diagram 57. Monthly dynamics of production of fuel oil and marine fuel oil, September 2016 - September 2017
Chart 58. Monthly dynamics of other fuel oil production, November 2015 — December 2016
Diagram 59. The structure of the production volume of fuel oil and naval fuel oil by federal districts, 2016
Diagram 60. Structure of production of other fuel oil by federal districts, 2016
Diagram 61. Dynamics of the volume of production of reclaimed rubber, 2010-2017P
Diagram 62. Monthly dynamics of the volume of production of reclaimed rubber, September 2016 - September 2017
Diagram 63. Structure of production volume of reclaimed rubber by federal districts, 2016
Diagram 64. Dynamics of coke production volume, 2010—2017P
Chart 65. Monthly dynamics of production volume of calcined petroleum and shale coke and non-calcined petroleum and shale coke, November 2015 — December 2016
Diagram 66. Monthly dynamics of production of non-calcined petroleum coke, September 2016 - September 2017
Diagram 67. Monthly dynamics of the volume of production of calcined petroleum coke, January - September 2017
Diagram 68. Production volume structure of calcined petroleum and shale coke and non-calcined petroleum and shale coke by federal districts, 2016
Diagram 69. Production volume structure of non-calcined petroleum coke by federal districts, 2016
Diagram 70. Dynamics of the volume of production of petroleum oils, 2010—2017P
Diagram 71. Monthly dynamics of the volume of production of petroleum lubricating oils and petroleum oils for various purposes, November 2015 - December 2016
Diagram 72. Monthly dynamics of the volume of production of petroleum lubricating oils; heavy distillates, not included in other groups, January - September 2017
Diagram 73. The structure of production volume of petroleum lubricating oils and petroleum lubricating oils for various purposes and shale oil by federal districts, 2016
Diagram 74. Dynamics of the volume of production of petroleum coke, petroleum bitumen and other oil refining residues, 2012-2017E
Diagram 75. Monthly dynamics of production volume of petroleum coke, petroleum bitumen and other oil refining residues, January — September 2017
Diagram 76. Production volume structure of petroleum coke, petroleum bitumen and other oil refining residues by federal districts, 2016
Diagram 77. Dynamics of synthetic acetone production volume, 2010—2017P
Diagram 78. Dynamics of kerosene production, including kerosene jet fuel, and lighting kerosenes, 2010—2017P
Chart 79
Diagram 80. Structure of kerosene production volume, including kerosene jet fuel, by federal districts, 2016
Diagram 81. The structure of the volume of production of lighting kerosene by federal districts, 2016
Diagram 83. Dynamics of average gasoline producer prices, January-September 2017
Diagram 84. Dynamics of average producer prices for synthetic acetone, November 2015—December 2016
Diagram 86. Dynamics of average prices of bitumen producers, January-September 2017
Chart 88. Dynamics of average producer prices of jet kerosene type fuel, January-September 2017
Diagram 89. Dynamics of average producer prices for gas condensate, November 2015—December 2016
Diagram 90. Dynamics of average gas condensate producer prices, January-September 2017
Chart 91. Dynamics of average producer prices for petroleum and shale coke, November 2015—December 2016
Diagram 92. Dynamics of average producer prices for petroleum coke, January—September 2017
Diagram 93. Dynamics of average producer prices for fuel oil, November 2015—December 2016
Diagram 94. Dynamics of average producer prices for fuel oil, January-September 2017
Diagram 95. Dynamics of average producer prices for petroleum oils, November 2015—December 2016
Diagram 96. Dynamics of average producer prices for oils various kinds, January—September 2017
Diagram 97. Dynamics of average producer prices for remanufactured rubber, November 2015—December 2016
Diagram 98. Dynamics of average producer prices for remanufactured rubber, January—September 2017
Diagram 99. Dynamics of average producer prices for diesel fuel, November 2015—December 2016
Diagram 100. Dynamics of average producer prices for diesel fuel, January-September 2017
Diagram 101. Dynamics of the volume of imports of automotive, motor and other gasoline, 2014 - January-July 2017
Diagram 102. Dynamics of the volume of imports of kerosene, jet fuel and other kerosene, 2014 - January-July 2017
Diagram 107. Dynamics of the volume of imports of other oil bitumen and asphalt, bituminous mixtures, 2014 - January-July 2017
Diagram 108. Dynamics of the volume of imports of other residues of oil refining, 2014 - January-July 2017
Diagram 109. Monthly dynamics of imports of motor, motor and other gasolines, March 2016 — July 2017
Diagram 110. Monthly dynamics of imports of kerosene, jet fuel and other kerosene, March 2016 - July 2017
Diagram 111. Monthly dynamics of the volume of imports of lubricants and other oils, March 2016 - July 2017
Chart 115. Monthly dynamics of imports of other oil bitumen and asphalt, bitumen mixtures, March 2016 - July 2017
Chart 116. Monthly dynamics of imports of other oil refining residues, March 2016 — July 2017
Diagram 117. Top 20 importing countries of automotive, motor and other gasolines, 2016
Chart 119. Top 20 importing countries of lubricants and other oils, 2016
Chart 122. Top 20 import countries of other petroleum bitumen and asphalt, bitumen mixtures, 2016
Diagram 124. The structure of the volume of imports of automotive, motor and other gasolines by federal districts of import, 2016
Diagram 125. The structure of the volume of imports of kerosene, jet fuel and other kerosene by federal districts of import, 2016
Diagram 126. The structure of the volume of imports of lubricating oils and other oils by federal districts of import, 2016
Diagram 127. Structure of import volume of petroleum coke by federal districts of import, 2016
Diagram 128. The structure of the volume of imports of oil bitumen by federal districts of imports, 2016
Diagram 129. The structure of the volume of imports of other oil bitumen and asphalt, bituminous mixtures by federal districts of import, 2016
Diagram 130. The structure of the volume of imports of other residues of oil refining by federal districts of import, 2016
Diagram 131. Dynamics of the volume of exports of automotive, motor and other gasoline, 2014 - January-July 2017
Diagram 132. Dynamics of the volume of exports of kerosene, jet fuel and other kerosene, 2014 - January-July 2017
Diagram 137. Dynamics of the volume of exports of other oil bitumen and asphalt, bituminous mixtures, 2014 - January-July 2017
Diagram 138. Dynamics of export volume of other oil refining residues, 2014 - January-July 2017
Diagram 139. Monthly dynamics of export volume of motor, motor and other gasolines, March 2016 — July 2017
Diagram 140. Monthly dynamics of export volume of kerosene, jet fuel and other kerosene, March 2016 — July 2017
Chart 141. Monthly dynamics of export volume of other lubricating oils, March 2016 — July 2017
Chart 145
Chart 146. Monthly dynamics of export volume of other oil refining residues, March 2016 — July 2017
Chart 147. Top 20 countries by export of motor, motor and other gasolines from Russia, 2016
Chart 148. Top 20 countries by export of kerosene, jet fuel and other kerosene from Russia, 2016
Chart 149. Top 20 countries by export of lubricants and other oils from Russia, 2016
Chart 150. Top 20 countries by fuel oil export from Russia, 2016
Chart 152. Top 20 countries by export of oil bitumen from Russia, 2016
Diagram 153. Top 20 export countries of oil bitumen and other asphalt, bituminous mixtures from Russia, 2016
Diagram 155. The structure of the volume of exports of automotive, motor and other gasolines by federal districts of export, 2016
Diagram 156. Structure of export volume of kerosene, jet fuel and other kerosene by federal export districts, 2016
Diagram 157. The structure of the volume of exports of lubricating oils and other oils by federal districts of export, 2016
Diagram 158. Structure of fuel oil export volume by export federal districts, 2016
Diagram 159. Structure of export volume of petroleum coke by export federal districts, 2016
Diagram 160. The structure of the volume of exports of oil bitumen by federal districts of export, 2016
Diagram 161. The structure of export volume of other petroleum bitumen and asphalts, bituminous mixtures by export federal districts, 2016
Chart 162. Structure of export volume of other oil refining residues by federal export districts, 2016
Diagram 164. Dynamics of Gazprom's financial indicators, 2013—1q2017
Diagram 165. Distribution of marketable hydrocarbon production by LUKOIL, 2016
Diagram 166. Dynamics of financial indicators of LUKOIL, 2012—1h2017
Diagram 167. Dynamics of financial indicators of Rosneft, 2012—1h2017
Diagram 168. Dynamics of financial indicators of Surgutneftegaz, 2011-2016
Diagram 169. Dynamics of financial indicators of the company "Transneft", 2011-1h2017
Diagram 170. Oil production by Tatneft by largest fields, 2016
Diagram 171. Dynamics of financial indicators of Tatneft, 2012—1h2017
Diagram 172. Dynamics of financial indicators of NOVATEK, 2010—1h2017
Diagram 173. Dynamics of financial indicators of ANK Bashneft, 2011—1h2017
Diagram 174. Dynamics of financial indicators of the company "New Stream", 2014-2016
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