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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

FEDERAL STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL

INSTITUTION

HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

"OMSK STATE SERVICE INSTITUTE"

COLLEGE "REFERENCE"

COURSE WORK

by discipline

Finance, money turnover and credit

TOPIC: Improving the deposit PJSC policy"Sberbank of Russia"

Completed: 3rd year student

Prilepa G.A.

Direction:

38.00.00 Economics and management

Scientific adviser: An Yu.N.

Omsk - 2017

Introduction

Chapter 1. Theoretical aspects of the formation of the deposit policy of commercial banks

1.1 Concept and classification deposit operations commercial bank

1.2 Formation of the deposit policy of commercial banks in the banking resource management system

1.3 Regulatory -- legal framework governing deposit operations

Chapter 2. Analysis of the deposit policy of Sberbank of Russia PJSC

2.1 Organizational and economic characteristics of the activities of PJSC Sberbank of Russia

2.2 Analysis of deposit operations of Sberbank of Russia PJSC

2.3 Improving the deposit policy of Sberbank of Russia

Conclusion

List of sources used

Introduction

A certain specificity of banking leaves its mark on the formation of the resources of a commercial bank - its main part is formed at the expense of borrowed money, by attracting funds from the population, organizations and legal entities in the form of contributions (deposits), opening settlement accounts for legal entities, personal accounts individuals.

The main part of the banks' resources is formed by attracted funds, which cover up to 90% of the total need for funds for the implementation of active banking operations. Funds attracted by banks are diverse in composition. Their main types are funds raised by banks in the process of working with clients (deposits), funds accumulated by issuing their own debt obligations (deposit and savings certificates).

Attracting cash, the bank conducts passive operations that are necessary to conduct active operations jar. Attracting deposits also refers to the passive operations of the bank.

Deposits are the main type of resources attracted by commercial banks. Indeed, it is they who reveal the content of the activities of a commercial bank as an intermediary in the acquisition of resources in the free market of credit resources. Therefore, the bank, in order to carry out its commercial activities it is necessary to develop and implement an effective deposit policy that will take into account all the needs and changes in the banking services market.

The relevance of the topic of the work is connected with the vision of the problems of banks in the formation of a resource base and their effective placement in conditions of unstable inflation and significant fluctuations in the exchange rate of the Russian currency and tightening the requirements of bodies regulating the banking sector.

The purpose of the course is to analyze the deposit policy of Sberbank of Russia PJSC and determine the directions for its improvement.

In accordance with the goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks of the course work:

1. To study the essence and types of deposit operations of banks.

2. To study the procedure for the formation of the deposit policy of a commercial bank.

3. Study the regulatory -- legislative framework regulating deposit operations in the Russian Federation.

4. Describe the activities of PJSC Sberbank of Russia.

5. Conduct an analysis of the deposit operations of Sberbank of Russia PJSC.

6. Suggest directions for improving deposit operations in Sberbank of Russia PJSC.

Research methods: analysis of economic, legal, statistical sources of literature; empirical method.

The structure of the course work. Course work includes content, introduction, two chapters, conclusion, list of references.

The object of the study is PJSC Sberbank of Russia, the subject is deposit operations and the deposit policy of PJSC Sberbank of Russia.

Chapter 1. Theoretical basis formation of deposit operations of a commercial bank

1.1 The concept and classification of depositscommercial bank operations

Deposit operations are operations of banks to attract funds from legal and individuals in deposits or certain period or on demand. Enterprises of all organizational and legal forms and individuals act as subjects of deposit operations. The objects of deposit operations are deposits, i.e. amounts of funds that the subjects of deposit transactions deposit into bank accounts -- Demand deposits are funds that can be called at any time without the prior consent of the bank on the part of the client. These include:

funds on settlement, current, budget and other accounts,

associated with making payments or intended use

funds;

· funds on the bank's correspondent account opened with the RCC;

· funds on the LORO account when establishing correspondent relations with other banks;

Demand deposits.

In most commercial banks, demand deposits account for the largest share in the structure of attracted funds. This is, as a rule, the cheapest source of formation of banking resources. The ability of the account holder to withdraw funds at any time requires the presence of an increased share of highly liquid assets in the bank's turnover by reducing the share of less liquid, but high income, assets. Therefore, according to the balances on demand accounts, banks charge very low interest or not charged at all. In some countries, the accrual of interest on these deposits is generally prohibited by law, because in the competition for liabilities, banks raise interest rates on customer accounts, while striving to prevent a decrease in profits, and solve this problem through risky credit investments that bring increased income, but risky loans negatively affect the bank's liquidity. Despite the high mobility of funds on demand accounts, it is possible to determine their minimum minimum balance and use it as a stable credit resource.

Demand deposits include correspondent accounts of banks opened with cash settlement centers or correspondent banks for the purpose of making settlements and payments in unilaterally or on behalf of each other. Correspondent accounts are divided into two types: NOSTRO (our accounts with a correspondent bank) and LORO (their accounts with our bank). As a rule, when establishing correspondent relations between banks, the parties provide for the possibility of forming an overdraft on these accounts, the maximum amount of which is determined by the terms of the agreement on correspondent relations between banks. Credit balance on NOSTRO and LORO accounts, it reflects in the bank's balance sheet the resources received at its disposal from correspondent banks.

Opening and maintenance of all types of demand accounts provides for the preparation and execution of an appropriate agreement between the bank and the client. If the account is opened for an individual, then this agreement called a demand deposit agreement. For settlement and current accounts of legal entities, the conclusion of a bank account agreement is envisaged. Both agreements are public and standard for all clients of the bank. At the same time, the conclusion of a bank deposit agreement is carried out by employees of the operating divisions and accounting department of the bank, and bank account agreements - by employees of the passive operations department and the client department of the credit institution. When opening correspondent accounts between banks, an agreement is signed on the establishment of correspondent relations, on the basis of which the procedure for opening and servicing accounts of this type is carried out. The agreement is drawn up and executed by an employee of the department of interbank lending and correspondent relations of a commercial bank.

Term deposits are deposits attracted for a certain period of time. The amount of remuneration paid to the client on a term deposit depends on the term, amount of the deposit and the fulfillment by the depositor of the terms of the agreement. A well-defined holding period is very important to maintain the liquidity of a commercial bank's balance sheet. Of course, this allows banks to charge higher interest rates on fixed-term contracts. The amount of the term deposit remains unchanged throughout the term of the term deposit agreement. It cannot be increased or decreased otherwise than by early termination of the contract. But at the same time, the depositor is charged interest on reduced rate or not charged at all. Term deposits cannot be used for current payments. Upon the expiration of the term, the deposit may be withdrawn by the depositor at any time.

To increase the interest of depositors in placing their funds, the bank uses various methods of calculating and paying interest. traditional look calculation of income are simple interest, when the actual balance of the deposit is used as the basis for calculation and the calculation is made on the basis of the interest rate stipulated by the agreement.

Another type of income calculation is compound interest (interest on interest). In this case, after the expiration of the settlement period, interest is accrued on the deposit amount and the resulting amount is added to the deposit amount. Thus, in the next billing period the interest rate is applied to the new base, increased by the amount of previously accrued income. Compound interest is advisable to use if the actual payment of income is carried out at the end of the term of the deposit. A reasonably planned interest rate policy allows a commercial bank to increase its resources without a significant increase in costs while obtaining maximum profit.

1.2 Formation of the deposit policy of commercial banks in the banking resource management system

In order to attract resources for their activities, it is important for commercial banks to develop a deposit policy strategy based on the goals and objectives of a commercial bank, enshrined in the charter, to maximize profits and the need to maintain bank liquidity. Deposit Policy must first of all meet the following requirements:

Economic expediency;

Competitiveness;

Internal consistency.

Economic feasibility here is understood as the profitability of using the attracted resources of the population. This question, of course, must be considered in the general context of active-passive control. When calculating the relative efficiency of attracting deposit resources of individuals, it is necessary to take into account both the costs associated with them, including reserve allocations, as well as the uncertain degree of their liquidity, and clear benefits.

The system of interest rates on deposits should be oriented to market conditions, with the indispensable consideration of the emerging hierarchy of reliability of comparable instruments. Thus, a bank that keeps rates at a lower level than competitors close to it in terms of reliability risks losing part of its clientele.

It is possible to consider the internal consistency of the deposit policy in several aspects. This is the term structure of deposit rates, and their differentiation by amounts, types of deposits in comparison with other comparable instruments of the same bank (certificates, promissory notes, etc.), as well as by various categories of clientele (for example, for individuals and legal entities) .

Considering the essence of the deposit policy of commercial banks, it is necessary to touch upon such issues as: the subjects and objects of the deposit policy, the principles of its formation, as well as the boundaries of the deposit policy.

The composition of the subjects of the deposit policy of a commercial bank includes the bank's customers, commercial banks and government agencies. The objects of the deposit policy include attracted funds of the bank and additional services of the bank (comprehensive service) The formation of the deposit policy of a commercial bank is based on both general and specific principles.

Under general principles deposit policy is understood as the principles that are common for the state monetary policy Central Bank of the Russian Federation, carried out at the macroeconomic level, and for the policy at the level of each particular commercial bank. These include the principles of an integrated approach, scientific validity, optimality and efficiency, as well as the unity of all elements of the bank's deposit policy. A complex approach expressed both in the development of theoretical foundations, priority areas of the bank's deposit policy in terms of its development strategy, and in determining the most effective and optimal tactics and methods for its implementation for a given stage of bank development.

The specific principles of the deposit policy include the principles of ensuring the optimal level of bank costs, security of deposit operations, reliability, since the bank, by accumulating temporarily free funds for the purpose of their subsequent placement, seeks to receive income not at any cost, but taking into account the realities of the market in which he carries out his activities.

In connection with the foregoing, it cannot be said that the process of forming a deposit policy is closely interconnected with the bank's interest rate policy, since the deposit interest is an effective tool in the field of attracting resources. At times state regulation interest rates were set in legislative order in accordance with the term of the deposit, and now banks can independently set competitive interest rates, focusing on the discount rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the state money market and based on its own deposit policy. By certain types deposit accounts, the amount of income is determined by the term of the deposit, the amount, the specifics of the operation of the account, the volume and nature of related services and depends on the client's compliance with the conditions of the deposit.

Payment by the bank of interest on deposits is the main part of operating expenses. Therefore, the bank, on the one hand, is not interested in a high level of interest rates, and on the other hand, it is forced to maintain such a level of interest rates on deposits that would be attractive to customers. Trying to attract deposits, especially large ones and on long term, commercial banks offer customers high interest rates, despite the increase in interest costs. However, the attraction of funds from the population by banks is not unlimited.

In order to ensure the sustainability of credit institutions central bank Russia has established a mandatory standard H11 - maximum size involved cash deposits(deposits) of the population. It is calculated as a percentage of the total amount of monetary deposits of the population and the amount of own funds (capital) of the bank. The maximum allowable value of this indicator is 100%.

One of the directions of the interest rate policy of a commercial bank is the calculation and analysis of the cost of all resources and deposit operations.

For this you need:

Set an acceptable interest on deposits (deposits);

To study the dynamics of the interest rate on attracted resources;

Analyze changes in the interest expense on attracted resources in the total amount of the bank's expenses.

Interest rates on deposits are set by credit institutions by agreement with clients, taking into account the requirements of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. A credit institution does not have the right to unilaterally change the interest rates on deposits and the terms of these agreements with customers, except for the cases provided for by the Federal Law "On Banks and banking” or an agreement with the client. The regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the procedure for calculating interest establishes that the income on the deposit is paid to the depositor in monetary form in the form of interest that is charged by the bank on the balance of the debt on the principal debt at the beginning business day. When closing the accounts of the bank 's customers , interest is accrued until the day the account is actually closed .

When calculating interest, the interest rate is taken into account, the actual number of days for which funds are attracted. For a depositor who chooses a bank for the purpose of placing funds, the determining factor (ceteris paribus) may be the procedure for calculating the amount of interest. The fact is that when calculating it, some banks proceed from the exact number of days in a year (365 or 366), while others from an approximate number (360 days), which is reflected in the amount of income.

Interest is calculated in one of the following ways:

Simple interest;

Compound interest;

With a fixed interest rate;

With a floating interest rate.

A progressively increasing interest rate is also applied, depending on the time the funds are actually on the deposit. This procedure for accruing income stimulates an increase in the period of storage of funds and protects the deposit from inflation.

The interest rate policy of a commercial bank related to the commercialization of its activities should:

Contribute to the receipt of profit or create conditions for its receipt in the future;

Regulate the values of interest rates on deposits and lending operations and set them at a level that ensures the profitability of banking operations;

Ensure the relationship and consistency between deposit operations and operations for issuing loans in terms of terms and amounts;

Maintain balance sheet liquidity;

Minimize interest rate risk.

The main elements of the deposit policy of a commercial bank are:

1) the bank's strategy for developing the main directions of the deposit process;

2) the policy of the bank on organizing the formation of the resource base;

3) control over the implementation of the deposit policy.

As a rule, in foreign practice, commercial banks are encouraged to develop a special deposit policy document that would allow determining the strategy and tactics of the bank in organizing the deposit process.

1.3 Regulatory -- legal framework governing deposit operations

Banks and other credit organizations operate in a certain sector of the market - in the system of monetary and credit financial relations. This determines the subject of their activity: money, currency values, other financial instruments .

The complexity and importance of relationships on deposits between banks and individuals and legal entities predetermine the need for their regulation. The latter is based on a complex of legislative and by-laws, normative documents of those state bodies that are entrusted with the function of regulation in the Russian Federation. Currently, the main documents regulating deposits (deposits) in the Russian Federation are: the Civil Code of the Russian Federation; Federal Law "On banks and banking activities in Russian Federation»; Federal Law "On central bank Russian Federation”, as well as other regulations. Since the Bank of Russia is the center for organizing the deposit system, it is responsible for developing rules and forms for making deposits.

According to Federal Law No. 395-1 “On Banks and Banking Activities”, bank depositors can be citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons who can manage deposits, receive income on deposits, and make non-cash payments in accordance with the agreement.

Art. 28 of the Banking Law allows you to attract credit organizations on a contractual basis, funds in the form of contributions (deposits), loans, to carry out settlements through the funds created in the prescribed manner clearing centers and correspondent accounts opened with each other, and perform other mutual transactions provided for by licenses issued by the Bank of Russia. At the same time, “interest rates on loans, deposits (deposits) and commission fees on operations are set by the credit institution by agreement with customers”, credit institution.

Art. 29 of the Law prohibits banks from unilaterally reducing the term of a fixed-term bank deposit (deposit), reducing the amount of interest, increasing or, in principle, establishing a commission on operations, except as otherwise provided by federal law. You need to know that this prohibition applies only to term deposits, i.e. those made on the terms of their issuance after a certain period of time or upon the occurrence stipulated by the agreement circumstances. With regard to demand deposits (that is, those made on the terms of their issuance on demand), everything remains the same. The rates, terms and amount of the commission fee for them can be unilaterally changed by the bank in cases provided for by federal law or an agreement with the client. And the law (in this case, clause 2, article 838 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) just provides that the bank has the right to change the amount of interest paid on demand deposits, unless otherwise provided by the contract.

Relations between credit institutions and clients must be formalized by an agreement. The agreement must specify interest rates on loans and deposits (deposits), the cost of banking services and the timing of their performance, as well as the procedure for terminating it and other essential terms of the agreement.

To provide guarantees for the return of citizens' funds attracted by banks and compensation for the loss of income on invested funds, a system is being created compulsory insurance deposits of individuals in banks. Federal Law No. 177-FZ of December 23, 2003 “On insurance of deposits of individuals in banks of the Russian Federation” establishes the legal, financial and organizational foundations for the functioning of the system of compulsory insurance of deposits of individuals in banks of the Russian Federation, the competence, procedure for the formation and activities of an organization, performing the functions of compulsory insurance of deposits, as well as the procedure for paying compensation on deposits.

The law regulates relations on the creation and operation of the deposit insurance system, the formation and use of it money fund, payment of compensation on deposits in the event of insured events, as well as relations arising in connection with the implementation state control over the functioning of the deposit insurance system, and other relations arising in this area. Clause 3 of Article 5 of Federal Law No. 177-FZ of December 23, 2003 “On insurance of deposits of individuals in banks of the Russian Federation” establishes that deposit insurance does not require the conclusion of an insurance contract between a credit institution and a client.

Deposit insurance does not require the conclusion of an insurance contract by depositors. Compensation for deposits is paid to the depositor in the amount of 100% of the amount of deposits in the bank in respect of which the insured event occurred, but not more than 1,400,000 rubles. .

Civil Code the second part of chapter 44 establishes the forms of bank agreements for attracting bank deposits (deposits), types of deposits, the procedure for calculating interest on a deposit and their payment, ensuring the return of a deposit and the procedure for using a savings (deposit) certificate.

The bank deposit agreement must be concluded in a simple written form and its form will be deemed to have been complied with when the client makes a deposit to the account. By prisoner banking agreement on the deposit, the bank pays interest to the client in the amount specified in the agreement. Interest on the amount of a bank deposit is accrued from the day following the day of its receipt by the bank, until the day it is returned to the depositor, inclusive, and if it is debited from the depositor's account for other reasons, until the day of debiting, inclusive.

If the client-depositor does not demand the return of the amount of the term deposit after the expiration of its term or the amount of the deposit made on other terms of return, or upon the occurrence of circumstances stipulated by the agreement, the agreement is considered extended on the terms of the deposit (deposit) "on demand", unless otherwise provided contract. Interest on the amount of the bank deposit is paid to the client - the depositor at his request after each quarter separately from the deposit amount, and the interest not claimed during this period increases the amount of the deposit on which interest is accrued (i.e., interest is added to the deposit), unless otherwise not provided for in the bank deposit agreement.

According to the regulation, “the bank is not entitled to give preference to the shareholders (members) of the bank over other clients of the bank, i.e. establish other conditions for attracting funds (a higher interest rate, a more frequent period of capitalization (accrual) of interest), which are placed by the bank's clients on the same conditions (amount, term, etc.)”.

At the same time, the regulation allows the bank to unilaterally change the interest rate on deposits (for funds held in the relevant bank account) with a “on demand” term, unless otherwise provided by the bank deposit agreement (bank account agreement).

When the bank transfers, in accordance with the terms of the agreement, the balances of funds from one balance sheet account for accounting for attracted funds to another balance account for accounting for the same funds (for example, in the event of a change in the term of a deposit (deposit) maintained in the same bank, interest is accrued on the balances funds for each balance sheet account (previous and new) based on the actual number calendar days accounting for funds in each of these accounts.

Bank of Russia Instruction No. 28-I, dated September 14, 2006, “On Opening and Closing Bank Accounts, Deposit Accounts” provides a list of types of bank accounts classified based on the subject composition of their owners and the purpose of the accounts. This list includes:

Current, settlement, budget, correspondent accounts;

Correspondent sub-accounts;

Trust accounts;

Special bank accounts;

Deposit accounts of courts, service units bailiffs, law enforcement agencies, notaries.

Banks open these accounts for customers in the currency of the Russian Federation and foreign currencies.

Current accounts are opened for individuals to carry out settlement transactions not related to entrepreneurial activity or private practice.

Chapter2. Analysis of the deposit policy of Sberbank of Russia PJSC

2.1 Organizational and economic characteristics of the activities of PJSC "Sberbank of Russia"

Historically, PJSC "Sberbank" of Russia counts its foundation from the date of the decree of Emperor Nicholas I on the creation of savings banks, signed on October 30 (November 12), 1841. “In respect of the benefits that Savings Banks can bring both in economic and moral terms,” the Decree said, “We command: to establish, on the basis explained in the Charter, Savings Banks for the first time under the St. Petersburg and Moscow Safe Treasuries.” The opening of the first savings bank took place in St. Petersburg on March 1, 1842 in the building of the Board of Trustees at 7 Kazanskaya Street. In this building, built in 1810 by the architect G. Quarenghi, the St. Petersburg cash desk worked until 1917. On the opening day, the cash desk was visited by 76 depositors who issued invoices in the amount of 426.5 rubles. The first client of the savings bank was Nikolay Antonovich Kristofari, a court adviser, assistant to the Director of the Expedition of the St. Petersburg Loan Treasury, who, with his 10-ruble contribution, laid the foundation for the Russian savings business. He was issued a savings book under No. 1. The Moscow cash desk opened its doors to clients on April 5, 1842 in the building of the Board of Trustees of the Orphanage on Solyanka. Until 1862, it remained the only savings bank in the city that did not have branches, as well as Petersburg.

PJSC Sberbank of Russia continues to actively develop remote sales channels, in particular, by expanding the network of self-service devices. Another remote service is successfully developing - Sberbank of Russia PJSC OnL @ yn. The number of its active users exceeds 9 million clients. Clients were provided with new versions of Sberbank Online applications for iPhone, iPad and Android, as well as an application for Windows Phone. PJSC Sberbank of Russia has a unique branch network and currently it includes 14 territorial banks and more than 16 thousand branches in 83 constituent entities of the Russian Federation located on the territory of 11 time zones. The Bank's foreign network consists of subsidiaries, branches and representative offices in the CIS, Central and Eastern Europe, Turkey, UK, USA and other countries.

The main activities of Sberbank of Russia PJSC are banking operations:

· Operations with corporate clients: servicing settlement and current accounts, opening deposits, providing financing, issuing guarantees, servicing export-import operations, cash collection, conversion services, money transfers in favor of legal entities, etc.

· Operations with retail customers: acceptance of funds in deposits and securities Banking, lending, servicing bank cards, transactions with precious metals, buying and selling foreign currency, payments, money transfers, storage of valuables, etc.

Operations on financial markets: with securities, derivative financial instruments, foreign currency, etc.

The financial and economic performance indicators of PJSC Sberbank of Russia are presented in Table 1. The data in Table 1 allow us to formulate the following conclusions:

· Net profit for the 1st half of 2016 was at the level of 229.4 billion rubles, which is almost 3 times higher than the result of the 1st half of 2015 (81.6 billion rubles). The main driver of profit growth is the growth of net interest income by increasing the volume of working assets, as well as lowering the level of interest rates in the market and replacing public funding customer funds.

Table 1

Financial and economic performance indicators of Sberbank of Russia PJSC

· The total capital of the Bank, calculated in accordance with the Regulation of the Bank of Russia dated December 28, 2012 No. 395-P "On the methodology for determining the amount of equity (capital) of credit institutions (Basel III)", increased compared to January 1, 2016 by 117.2 billion rubles, up to 2,775.3 billion rubles. Earned profit became the source of capital growth. Return on assets increased from 0.8% to 2.0% due to growth in volume net profit.

Return on equity for the 1st half of 2016 increased from 8.0% to 18.9% due to an increase in net profit .

· Net assets decreased compared to January 1, 2016 by 3.7%, or by 0.8 trillion. rubles, up to 21.9 trillion. rubles. The dynamics of net assets was strongly influenced by the negative revaluation of foreign currency balance sheet items as a result of the strengthening of the ruble. Thus, the net loan debt compared with the beginning of the year decreased by 0.7 trillion. rubles, or by 4.0%, which was the result of the revaluation of foreign currency loans to legal entities and non-resident banks. Also on the dynamics of the net loan debt was influenced by the investment of part of the funds previously placed in loans to banks in more profitable instruments, in particular, in securities. Net investments in securities and other financial assets available-for-sale increased by 16.1% or $0.4 trillion. rubles to 2.7 trillion. rubles. The growth of investments in subsidiaries and affiliates is associated with pre-capitalization subsidiaries. Reduction of cash balances since the beginning of the year by 0.3 trillion. rubles, or by 34.4%, which took place mainly in January, due to a seasonal decrease in demand for cash compared to the period new year holidays. 12

· Clients' funds remain the basis of the Bank's resource base. Since the beginning of the year, their balance has decreased by 0.7 trillion. rubles, or by 3.9%, to a value of 17.0 trillion. rubles. The negative revaluation of currency balances affected the dynamics of customer funds.

· Financial results(including other comprehensive income from the revaluation of securities for sale) amounted to 295.1 billion rubles, which is 89.3 billion rubles, or 43.4% more than the same period last year.

Liquidity indicators of Sberbank of Russia PJSC are presented in Table 2. commercial Bank deposit

For the 1st half of 2016, the total assets of PJSC Sberbank of Russia decreased by 831 billion rubles and according to the results of the 2nd quarter amounted to 21,876 billion rubles (against 22,707 billion rubles at the beginning of the year) .

The main factors that determined the dynamics of assets were:

· decrease in the amount of net loan debt (decrease over the year by 682 billion rubles to the level of 16,188 billion rubles);

· decrease in the amount of cash by RUB 252 billion due to lower demand for cash from customers;

revaluation of assets fair value through profit or loss (for 2015 - by 155 billion rubles),

· Growth in investments in securities and other financial assets available for sale, as well as an increase in investments in subsidiaries and affiliates (total by 598 billion rubles over half a year).

table 2

Liquidity ratios of Sberbank of Russia PJSC

Symbol (number) of the standard	Name of the regulation	Permissible value of the standard	The actual value of the standard

	Capital adequacy
	Capital adequacy
	Adequacy of own funds (capital)
	Instant liquidity
	current liquidity
	Long-term liquidity
	Maximum exposure per borrower or group of related borrowers
	Maximum size of large credit risks
	The maximum amount of loans, bank guarantees and guarantees provided to shareholders (participants)
	Cumulative insider exposure
	Use of own funds (capital) for the acquisition of shares (shares) other legal entities. persons

The main reason for the decrease in the amount of liabilities in the 1st half of 2016 by 1,062 billion rubles was the outflow of funds from customers that are not credit institutions (for the 1st half of the year - 696 billion rubles) and the outflow of funds from credit institutions by 194 billion rubles. Client funds remain the main source of the resource base. In addition, the Bank completely abandoned expensive borrowings within the framework of the main refinancing instruments of the Bank of Russia - direct REPO and loans secured by non-marketable assets under 312-P in the amount of 200 billion rubles - which was the result of the Bank's flexible interest rate policy and effective management of active and passive base in the 1st half of 2016. On January 1, 2016, a new mandatory ratio of the Bank of Russia came into force - the short-term liquidity ratio (“Basel 3”) N26. N26 is calculated for the Group of PJSC Sberbank of Russia. The minimum allowable value of the standard for 2016 is 70%, followed by an annual increase of 10 percentage points until reaching 100% from January 1, 2019. The value of the standard in the second quarter was 99.9%11. The business plan of Sberbank PJSC provides for unconditional compliance with the Bank of Russia limit on the short-term liquidity ratio throughout 2016.

The Bank's instant liquidity ratio (N2) regulates the risk of a bank losing liquidity during a business day (the Bank of Russia limit is 15%). Compared to July 1, 2015, the H2 ratio decreased by 2.46 and as of July 1, 2016 amounted to 105.01%.

The Bank's current liquidity ratio (N3) reflects the risk of the Bank losing solvency within 30 days (the Bank of Russia limit is 50%). Over the year, the N3 ratio decreased by 17.30 p.p. and as of July 1, 2016, amounted to 148.93%. The Bank's long-term liquidity ratio (N4) reflects the risk of the Bank losing liquidity as a result of placing funds in long-term assets (the Bank of Russia limit is 120%). From July 1, 2015, the N4 ratio decreased by 5.42 and as of July 1, 2016 amounted to 63.87%. The bank respects limit values mandatory standards liquidity set by the Bank of Russia.

Behind last years PJSC "Sberbank of Russia" carried out a lot of work, which ensured the final formation of the main groups of competitive advantages, namely:

· Significant customer base. Sberbank of Russia PJSC successfully works with clients in all segments (from retail clients and individual entrepreneurs to the largest holdings and transnational companies) in all regions of the country.

Huge scale of operations. PJSC Sberbank of Russia has undeniable advantages both in terms of business scale (size of transactions, access to resources, international ratings) and in terms of the size and quality of physical infrastructure (in particular, a unique distribution network for retail and corporate clients, including physical offices, ATMs and payment terminals, digital service channels).

· A wide range of financial products and services. Due to the presence in the Group's product line full spectrum transactions for all groups of clients in all countries of presence, PJSC Sberbank of Russia can provide comprehensive services to each client, both in Russia and abroad. The Bank also has a unique opportunity to provide high-quality services to both individuals and legal entities at the same time.

· Industrial technologies. For 5 years, PJSC Sberbank of Russia managed to create a solid foundation for further innovative development: built industrial system risk management, consolidated the operational function, substantially streamlined IT processes and systems.

· Powerful brand. The competitive advantage of PJSC Sberbank of Russia is based on the trust of all categories of customers, which is supported by the quality of service and positive customer experience. Over the past 5 years, the brand of PJSC Sberbank of Russia, along with our traditional attributes of reliability and stability, has increasingly become associated with modern technologies and innovation, and has become a symbol of the Group's success.

· International presence. In recent years, PJSC Sberbank of Russia has significantly expanded its international presence and has become a truly international group. Our presence in 22 countries of the world gives us the opportunity to replicate the best technologies and practices within the Group, diversify risks, strengthen the brand in international markets, and develop an international team of employees.

· Team and management technologies. Over the past 5 years, the Group's team has been significantly updated, strengthened its skills, and gained a unique experience of large-scale transformation. Also, PJSC Sberbank of Russia paid considerable attention to the development and large-scale replication of modern management technologies, for example, building a function for working with personnel, implementing tools of the Production System of PJSC Sberbank of Russia, and improving the efficiency of managing current activities.

The medium-term development plans of PJSC Sberbank of Russia are determined by the Development Strategy for the period 2014-2018. In accordance with the Strategy, over the next five years, the Sberbank of Russia Group plans to double its net profit and assets, significantly improve the efficiency of cost management, increase the Tier 1 capital adequacy ratio, and maintain the return on equity at a level above world peers .

It is planned to achieve these results through work in the following key areas:

· Strengthening competitive positions - maintaining or increasing the share of Sberbank in most markets. This will ensure growth rates of the Bank's business volumes exceeding the average market indicators. At the same time, the products of settlement and cash services, work with small and medium-sized businesses will be especially significant.

· Ensuring a faster growth rate of non-credit income - as a result of developing relationships with customers and expanding the product offer, increasing the number of products per customer by an average of 50-70%.

· Ensuring high efficiency in cost management - as a result of the implementation of large-scale transformations in the organization of the sales and customer service system, improving the efficiency of operations and processes, aimed at a significant increase in labor productivity.

Maintaining a high quality of assets - building optimal ratio profitability and risk in lending operations.

Achievement of the financial objectives of the strategy is closely linked to the successful progress of the Bank in the five main areas of development or strategic themes, also formulated in the Strategy:

· With a client for life: we will build a very deep trusting relationship with our clients, become helpful, sometimes inconspicuous and integral part their lives. Our goal is to exceed our clients' expectations;

· Team and culture: we strive to ensure that our employees and the corporate culture of Sberbank of Russia become one of the main sources of our competitive advantage;

· Technological breakthrough: we will complete the technological modernization of the Bank and learn how to integrate into our business all the most modern technologies and innovation;

· Financial performance: we will increase the financial return of our business through better good governance costs and risk-return ratio;

· Mature organization: we will develop organizational and management skills, create processes that correspond to the scale of the Sberbank of Russia Group and our level of ambition.

2.2 Analysis of deposit operations of Sberbank PJSCRussia"

Attracting funds from private clients and ensuring their safety remains the basis of the business PJSC Sberbank of Russia attracts funds in time deposits, demand deposits, including bank cards, savings certificates, bills and accounts in precious metals. The volume of attracted funds of individuals, including time deposits, demand accounts and bank cards, as well as funds in precious metals, increased by 2.2 trillion in 2015. rub. and by January 1, 2016 exceeded 10.3 trillion rubles. (Table 3).

Table 3

Structure of funds of individuals PJSC "Sberbank of Russia"

The growth rate at the end of the reporting year (27.2%) exceeded the growth rate of individuals' funds at the end of the previous year (4.9%). The main increase was due to fixed-term ruble deposits. The volume of foreign currency deposits also increased in dollar terms. Some of the deposits are open in remote channels.

During 2015, amid the general market trend towards lower deposit rates and the existing dynamics of the key rate of the Bank of Russia, Sberbank lowered interest rates on deposits in rubles and foreign currency six times, including savings certificates of individuals. Promotions for ruble products, maintaining a competitive level of rates for currency deposits, as well as new deposits for wealthy clients, allowed PJSC Sberbank of Russia to retain its market share by term deposits in rubles and significantly increase the share of foreign currency deposits (Table 4) .

As of January 1, 2016, more than 170,000 clients have signed up for the Sberbank Premier service package and over 22,000 VIP clients use the Sberbank First service package.

Table 4

The share of PJSC Sberbank of Russia in Russian market deposits of individuals

As part of these packages, customers receive premium debit cards for themselves and their loved ones, Priority Pass cards for access to the business lounges of the largest airports in the world, have the opportunity to take advantage of preferential exchange rates and precious metals, as well as a discount on usage fees. safe deposit boxes. For each package, there is a special line of deposits with an increased interest rate, as well as increased rates on savings accounts.

Starting October 1, 2015, the Gold package of services was launched for clients of the upper mass segment, which includes gold debit cards and travel insurance for the whole family.

As part of agreements on the procedure for interaction between Sberbank of Russia PJSC and a branch of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation16 when delivering pensions paid pension fund of the Russian Federation concluded at the level of constituent entities of the Russian Federation PJSC "Sberbank of Russia" offers a service for pensioners and preferential categories citizens: free receipt certificates on the types and amounts of pensions and other social payments of the PFR credited to an account with Sberbank. The certificate is issued at any Sberbank office or using the Sberbank Online service, as well as at ATMs and other self-service devices of the Bank. A certificate on the types and amounts of pensions allows pensioners to quickly receive detailed information about all types of PFR payments due to them and their amounts for the required period. The share of pensioners receiving pension through the Bank is constantly growing. The number of Russians who entrusted the payment of their pensions to Sberbank reached 24.8 million people (Table 5).

Table 5

Statistics of pensioners in PJSC "Sberbank of Russia"

In PJSC Sberbank of Russia, work with the Social segment is singled out separately. The level of protection of the interests of pensioners in terms of the safety of their deposits from encroachments by third parties has been increased. A memo has been developed for employees of departments to protect the savings of pensioners and the disabled from fraudulent actions of third parties. Now, by taking simple steps, branch employees can stop fraudsters, prevent them from taking advantage of gullibility and fraudulently force customers to commit expenditure operations by accounts. Simplified registration of receipt of pensions to bank accounts: an application for the delivery of pensions is automatically printed when opening an account, which frees up 15 minutes of clients' time and eliminates time-consuming manual filling in details. Work is underway so that pensioners can draw up documents for the delivery of pensions remotely through Personal Area on the single portal public services.

PJSC Sberbank of Russia presents various programs deposits. Therefore, every citizen of Russia can use the most convenient program:

“Save your contribution”;

"savings certificate";

· "urgent";

“deposit for people retirement age».

A large banking institution has developed an original program with about 13 options and conditions for depositors. Moreover, 8 of them are replenished monthly, and 4 programs can offer partial withdrawal of accumulative funds. The main number of deposits allow you to realize the capitalization of rates. As a result, payments on deposits are:

About 2% of annual funds in euros;

10% in domestic currency;

3% in dollars.

People of retirement age most often use deposits "Replenish" and "Save". The conditions of these deposits are almost identical to the deposits for other categories of people. The only difference consists of a deposit. It depends on the period of validity of the funds. To increase your own capital, you can use the online deposit.

The “Pension Plus” deposit program is very popular among pensioners. According to the terms of this deposit, the profit is accrued in the form of a certain supplement to the pension. In addition, there is the possibility additional contribution and partial withdrawal accumulated interest. The total rate on this deposit is 3.72% per annum.

"Happy percent" - a new contribution for citizens. The total rate for this deposit depends on several factors:

The economic situation in the state;

inflation rate;

The total amount of banking resources;

Business activity.

Bank offers of deposit programs depend on the listed criteria. In addition, most of these factors are aimed at the main position of the Central Bank of Russia. According to official information, the deposit rate this year will not exceed 10% in Sberbank. The inflation rate in 2016 was approximately 9%. Accordingly, large financial institution saves capital from the effects of inflation.

Last year, financial institution reduced the level of rates due to low inflation and a difficult economic situation. AT current year, a decrease in deposit rates is also expected. The instability of the domestic currency and a sharp decline in the cost of oil affected this process. However, the competent policy of the bank made it possible to change some amendments and corrections in interest rates on deposits with PJSC Sberbank of Russia in 2016 to today.

Sberbank regularly carries out various modernizations in the field of deposits. There are new programs for the accumulation and saving of financial resources. Even despite the crisis in Russia, depositors manage their savings funds based on the proposed banking programs. Savings deposits will help:

Withdraw monthly interest income;

Get the most profitable profit;

Place and replenish funds;

Use the most profitable programs for a period of 3 to 6 months;

Withdraw funds when absolutely necessary.

Sberbank of Russia PJSC offers every citizen of the Russian Federation a flexible system of cash deposits. Each person can choose the duration of storage of accumulated funds. For instance, term deposit"Replenish" is issued after 3 months. This contribution is valid for several years (3 years).

Sberbank of Russia PJSC offers various deposit programs with optimal deposit rates. New contribution"profitable season" guarantees a good profit up to 11.7%. The smallest amount to open a deposit account is equal to at least 1 million rubles. The "Save" deposit provides excellent opportunity registration of a deposit in foreign and domestic currency. The smallest investment from 110 euros and dollars, 1100 rubles. The ruble deposit is equal to 6.32% -9%, and in euros 0.15% and 1.9%, in dollars 0.25% and 1.8%.

2.2 Analysis of deposit operations of Sberbank of Russia PJSC

Attracting funds from private clients and ensuring their safety remain the basis of the business of PJSC Sberbank of Russia attracts funds in time deposits, demand deposits, including bank cards, savings certificates, bills and accounts in precious metals. The volume of attracted funds of individuals, including time deposits, demand accounts and bank cards, as well as funds in precious metals, increased by 2.2 trillion in 2015. rub. and by January 1, 2016 exceeded 10.3 trillion rubles. (Table 3).

Table 3

Structure of funds of individuals PJSC "Sberbank of Russia"

During 2015, amid the general market trend towards lower deposit rates and the existing dynamics of the key rate of the Bank of Russia, Sberbank lowered interest rates on deposits in rubles and foreign currency six times, including savings certificates of individuals. Promotions for ruble products, maintaining a competitive level of rates on foreign currency deposits, as well as new deposits for wealthy clients allowed PJSC Sberbank of Russia to retain its market share in term deposits in rubles and significantly increase its share in foreign currency deposits (Table 4) .

As of January 1, 2016, more than 170,000 clients have signed up for the Sberbank Premier service package and over 22,000 VIP clients use the Sberbank First service package.

Table 4

Share of Sberbank of Russia PJSC in the Russian retail deposit market

As part of these packages, customers receive premium debit cards for themselves and their loved ones, Priority Pass cards for access to the business lounges of the largest airports in the world, have the opportunity to take advantage of preferential exchange rates and precious metals, as well as a discount on the use of safe deposit boxes. For each package, there is a special line of deposits with an increased interest rate, as well as increased rates on savings accounts.

Starting October 1, 2015, the Gold package of services was launched for clients of the upper mass segment, which includes gold debit cards and travel insurance for the whole family.

As part of the agreements on the procedure for interaction between PJSC Sberbank of Russia and a branch of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation16, upon delivery of pensions paid by the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, concluded at the level of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, PJSC Sberbank of Russia offers a service for pensioners and privileged categories of citizens: free receipt certificates on the types and amounts of pensions and other social payments of the PFR credited to an account with Sberbank. The certificate is issued at any Sberbank office or using the Sberbank Online service, as well as at ATMs and other self-service devices of the Bank. A certificate on the types and amounts of pensions allows pensioners to quickly receive detailed information about all types of PFR payments due to them and their amounts for the required period. The share of pensioners receiving pension through the Bank is constantly growing. The number of Russians who entrusted the payment of their pensions to Sberbank reached 24.8 million people (Table 5).

Table 5

Statistics of pensioners in PJSC "Sberbank of Russia"

In PJSC Sberbank of Russia, work with the Social segment is singled out separately. The level of protection of the interests of pensioners in terms of the safety of their deposits from encroachments by third parties has been increased. A memo has been developed for employees of departments to protect the savings of pensioners and the disabled from fraudulent actions of third parties. Now, by taking simple steps, branch employees can stop fraudsters, prevent them from using their gullibility and fraudulently forcing customers to make debit transactions on their accounts. Simplified registration of receipt of pensions to bank accounts: an application for the delivery of pensions is automatically printed when opening an account, which frees up 15 minutes of clients' time and eliminates time-consuming manual filling in details. Work is underway so that pensioners can draw up documents for the delivery of pensions remotely through their personal account on the Unified Portal of Public Services.

Sberbank of Russia PJSC offers various deposit programs. Therefore, every citizen of Russia can use the most convenient program:

“Save your contribution”;

"savings certificate";

· "urgent";

· “Deposit contribution for people of retirement age”.

About 2% of annual funds in euros;

10% in domestic currency;

3% in dollars.

People of retirement age most often use deposits "Replenish" and "Save". The conditions of these deposits are almost identical to the deposits for other categories of people. The only difference is the deposit rate. It depends on the period of validity of the funds. To increase your own capital, you can use the online deposit.

The “Pension Plus” deposit program is very popular among pensioners. According to the terms of this deposit, the profit is accrued in the form of a certain supplement to the pension. In addition, there is the possibility of an additional contribution and partial withdrawal of accrued interest. The total rate on this deposit is 3.72% per annum.

"Happy percent" - a new contribution for citizens. The total rate for this deposit depends on several factors:

The economic situation in the state;

inflation rate;

The total amount of banking resources;

Business activity.

Bank offers of deposit programs depend on the listed criteria. In addition, most of these factors are aimed at the main position of the Central Bank of Russia. According to official information, the deposit rate this year will not exceed 10% at Sberbank. The inflation rate in 2016 was approximately 9%. Accordingly, a large financial institution saves capital from the effects of inflation.

Last year, the financial institution cut rates due to low inflation and difficult economic conditions. In the current year, a decrease in deposit rates is also expected. The instability of the domestic currency and a sharp decline in the cost of oil affected this process. However, the competent policy of the bank made it possible to change some amendments and corrections in interest rates on deposits with PJSC Sberbank of Russia in 2016 to today.

Withdraw monthly interest income;

Get the most profitable profit;

Place and replenish funds;

Use the most profitable programs for a period of 3 to 6 months;

Withdraw funds when absolutely necessary.

Sberbank of Russia PJSC offers every citizen of the Russian Federation a flexible system of cash deposits. Each person can choose the duration of storage of accumulated funds. For example, the “Replenish” term deposit is issued after 3 months. This contribution is valid for several years (3 years).

Sberbank of Russia PJSC offers various deposit programs with optimal deposit rates. The new “profitable season” deposit guarantees a good profit of up to 11.7%. The smallest amount for opening a deposit account is at least 1 million rubles. The "Save" deposit provides an excellent opportunity to make a deposit in foreign and domestic currencies. The smallest investment from 110 euros and dollars, 1100 rubles. The ruble deposit is equal to 6.32% -9%, and in euros 0.15% and 1.9%, in dollars 0.25% and 1.8%.

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When attracting funds, the choice remains with the client, and the bank is forced to compete fiercely for the depositor, who is quite easy to lose. The limited resources associated with the development of banking competition leads to close attachment to certain clients. If the circle of these clients is narrow, then the bank's dependence on them is very high. In terms of passive operations, the choice of the Bank is usually limited to a certain group of clients, to which it is attached much more strongly than to borrowers. As a result, in the current situation, in order to solve the problem of forming the bank's resource base, it is necessary to intensify work to expand the circle of depositors.

Increasing competition for customer funds requires modern banks to pay increased attention to improving the methods used to manage attracted resources.

The legislative framework establishes the foundations of banking activities to attract resources. In addition to laws, the activities of the Bank are regulated by detailed regulations Bank of Russia, defining the basic requirements for banks.

The monetary policy pursued by the Bank of Russia has a significant impact on the activities to attract resources.

Reserve requirements have historically performed the function of securing the obligations of banks to depositors and creditors, which is not so important in the context of the creation of a deposit insurance system. AT modern conditions the policy of reserve requirements has a great impact on the volume and structure of attracted resources, and mainly on the cost of attracted resources. Of course, setting required reserves Justified by the Bank of Russia. But for a bank, as you know, reserve requirements mean the need to divert part of the attracted resources to reserve accounts, and, consequently, a reduction in the amount of resources that can be used to conduct profitable active operations.

At present, the Bank of Russia has slightly softened reserve requirements. The need for reserve deductions and deductions to the mandatory deposit insurance fund causes the “raise in price” of attracted resources. Reducing the required reserves on household deposits would allow banks to offer higher and, accordingly, more attractive interest rates for customers.

An important method of managing the attracted resources of the bank is the diversification of attracted resources.

Diversification (from Latin diversification - change, variety) of deposits involves the expansion of modifications of deposit services, and speaking in a simple way, an increase in the variety of types of deposits offered by the bank. In recent years, the range of deposit services has expanded significantly and continues to expand, and banks strive to meet the needs of various categories of depositors as much as possible: hence youth deposits, pension deposits, deposits for VIP clients, etc.).

Other methods of managing the attracted resources of the bank are the differentiation of interest rates; billing; limitation.

It should be noted that the bank strives to maximally differentiate interest rates for various deposit services in order, firstly, to meet the needs of customers to the maximum, and secondly, to ensure optimal profitability.

For the greatest interest of customers, Sberbank of Russia may offer interest payment on deposits placed in advance in order to compensate for inflationary losses. In this case, the investor, when placing funds for a certain period, immediately receives the income due to him. However, if the agreement is terminated early, the Bank will recalculate the interest on the deposit and the overpaid amounts will be deducted from the deposit amount.

Tariffication as a method of managing attracted resources is associated with the establishment and change of tariffs for certain Banking services. The tariff basis is based on bank commissions and service fees (account maintenance, etc.). The Bank sets tariffs for opening, maintenance and servicing of accounts separately for individuals and legal entities. Tariffs are set, for example, for the following services in terms of attracted resources of individuals: opening an account (may be free); monthly fee for maintaining a personal account (charged without acceptance); crediting cash to the account (usually free of charge); providing an account statement on all transactions performed.

The main purpose of the application and development of the billing method is to improve the quality of service and organize new forms of services, which ultimately is aimed at increasing the total balance of funds on current, settlement and other accounts of customers. With the same ultimate goal, limitation is carried out - this is the establishment by the bank of various restrictions (limits).

Of particular relevance today is the portfolio method of managing attracted resources. The purpose of applying this method is to ensure a balance between attracted and placed resources in terms of terms and interest. Therefore, the Bank needs a competent deposit policy, which is based on maintaining the required level of diversification, ensuring the possibility of attracting funds from other sources and maintaining a balance with assets in terms of terms, volumes and interest rates. In order to maintain a stable position and dynamic development in the deposit services market, Sberbank of Russia also created a deposit insurance system. This system is beneficial for both the Bank and its customers. For clients, the deposit insurance system is attractive in terms of the safety of their deposits in the event of a possible bankruptcy of the Bank, which will ensure this bank comparative advantages compared to other banks where such a system does not exist. This system gives the Bank an additional inflow temporarily free funds of the population and legal entities in deposits, tk. be sure that his contribution is protected in crisis situations. The inflow of funds will accordingly allow the Bank to expand its lending base real sector economy. The objects of insurance in the first place (due to the lack of funding sources) are deposits of individuals, and in the future, deposits of legal entities.

Sberbank of Russia is included in the register of banks participating in the mandatory deposit insurance system. (Sberbank of Russia was accepted into the deposit insurance system at a meeting of the Committee banking supervision Bank of Russia 29.12.2004). From January 11, 2005, funds of individuals in rubles and foreign currency placed with the bank on the basis of a bank deposit agreement or an agreement bank account, including the interest accrued on the deposit amount, are considered insured. It is obvious that the creation of DIS equalized Sberbank with other commercial banks, depriving it of the competitive advantage of having a full state guarantee for all attracted deposits of the population.

Initially, the law provided for two features of his participation: 1) a special account will be opened for Sberbank, in which funds transferred to the deposit insurance fund will be stored, these funds cannot be used to pay compensation to depositors of other banks; 2) until January 1, 2007, Sberbank depositors continued to have a 100% state guarantee.

However, despite the equalization of the rights of Sberbank with other commercial banks, it remains largest bank countries with the most developed branch network, which the population is accustomed to trust.

One of the options for solving the problem of activating the Bank's activities to attract savings from the population is the creation of a system for guaranteeing bank deposits. The introduction of the bank deposit guarantee system solves the following tasks: protection of small depositors; increase in savings; increased competition in the banking sector.

In turn, the deposit guarantee system allows to solve the following tasks:

Attracting long-term resources to the banking sector;

Increasing the investment activity of credit institutions;

Increasing confidence in banking system, primarily from small investors;

Improving the stability of the banking sector;

Reducing the likelihood of systemic risk.

The organization of a deposit guarantee system makes sense only if the goal is to support individual credit institutions, subject to the stable functioning of the entire banking sector. When systemic crisis the partial guarantees on which the deposit insurance scheme is based will neither maintain nor restore it.

The adoption in December 2003 of the Federal Law No. 177-FZ “On insurance of deposits of individuals in banks of the Russian Federation” predetermined the change in the near future of the qualitative characteristics of the banking system, among which are the following:

Increasing its resource base. moving financial resources in the banking system is estimated by economists in the amount of 10-20 billion dollars. At the same time, this process at the initial stage will be accompanied by an outflow of funds from the Savings Bank, whose interest rates on deposits were traditionally lower than the interest rates of private commercial banks.

Growth in the share of deposits equivalent in size to the amount of guarantees (ie up to 100 thousand rubles). Accordingly, the strategy of individual creditors with larger amounts will be based on the placement of funds with different credit institutions. Thus, a uniform distribution of resources among commercial banks will be achieved.

The emergence of alternative deposit operations placement opportunities. At the same time, banks will be interested both in reducing the costs associated with the payment of insurance premiums and in striving to retain the most profitable clients.

Sberbank of Russia traditionally leads the private deposit market. More than 2.5 trillion rubles are concentrated on its deposits. rubles. But commercial banks are not ready to agree with its primacy and are beginning to actively offer new products, moreover, at a more attractive price than the market leader. That is why Sberbank of the Russian Federation needs to improve its deposit policy, taking into account the conditions of products offered by competitors.

It has already been said above that the bulk of the funds raised by Sberbank of Russia are deposits from the population. However, statistics show that the share of bank savings in the total savings of citizens does not exceed 20-30%, which indicates significant opportunities for a significant increase in the passive base by attracting household savings. In fact, competition between banks for the funds of depositors today takes place only in the market of short-term savings of the population and does not affect the means of accumulation. Political and economic instability of the last decade, distrust of citizens in the Russian currency, numerous facts of bankruptcy of large financial companies and banks are constrained by the involvement of household funds in economic turnover. As the economic and political situation in the country stabilizes, the possibilities of attracting these funds will increase. Competitive advantages in this market will be given to banks that are able to guarantee customers the safety of deposits and ensure the provision of a full range of quality banking services.

The potential of Sberbank of Russia in the market for attracting funds from legal entities has not yet been exhausted either. Possibility of complex service largest enterprises countries with developed regional structure, throughout the Russian Federation makes it possible to secure the majority of large corporate clients in the Bank, and an extensive network of branches allows satisfying the need for banking service small and medium business.

Given the above, we can also assume that Sberbank customers will benefit from targeted deposits, the payment of which will be timed to coincide with the vacation period, birthdays or other holidays.

Their terms are shorter than traditional ones, and the percentage is higher. An example of a target deposit can be the so-called New Year and Christmas deposits, i.e. during the year, the bank accepts small deposits for the New Year and Christmas celebrations, and at the end of the year, the bank issues money to depositors. At the same time, those who wish can continue to accumulate money until the next new year. However, Sberbank of Russia among the priorities of the interest rate policy determines the increase in the share of long-term deposits.

The deposit policy of Sberbank of Russia determines that the deposits offered by the bank will take into account the needs of all social and age groups of citizens - working and retired people, young people, middle-aged people and will be designed for both the low-income segments of the population and people with an average and high income.

Here, for clients with different income levels, the bank could offer fundamentally new financial services, for example, combining deposit products with credit and insurance products, develop products aimed at meeting the needs of depositors in housing, large purchases, paying for education, tourism and recreation.

With regard to attracting funds from legal entities, the Bank's policy is very rational, however, Sberbank's competitive disadvantage today is the low speed of payments in a number of regions, the backlog in the quality of customer service, and the insufficient diversity of the product range. Improving the interaction between the divisions of Sberbank of Russia and the diversity of the product range will undoubtedly make it possible to attract funds from legal entities.

Creating a system of individual service involves:

Offer to the client specially developed individual schemes and technologies that ensure the development and optimization of the client's business, insurance of his risks;

Assigning personal managers with the necessary level of authority to the client, providing clients with the technological and information capabilities of the Bank, a wide range of consulting services;

Conducting a flexible tariff policy for individual service. In addition, Sberbank of Russia has unique opportunities to simultaneously promote a set of services throughout Russia at a lower cost by consolidating the costs of introducing new technologies and conducting advertising campaigns, but, as such, potential depositors do not see advertising of banking products and services of Sberbank of Russia and they don't hear. It follows that the bank should develop systematic approaches to advertising policy, which will make it an effective tool for building a client base. Each competitive advantage of the Bank, each New Product, offered for sale, should be known and understandable to customers, easily comparable, and also compare favorably with competitors' offers. To speed up and facilitate customers in obtaining the necessary information about deposits in Sberbank, it is advisable to create a telemarketing service - advertising bank deposits by phone, which will be provided free of charge.

The telephone customer service works individually with customers who are interested in receiving more detailed information, and with customers who are not satisfied with the standard terms of service. It is not necessary to be a client of this bank. The information provided by this service should reflect the content of the type of service and the possibility of acquiring them.

In the event that the client finds it difficult to state his problems, the telemarketing service specialists will ask leading questions: what funds does he have, for how long does he want to deposit money on a deposit, what profit does he expect, etc. And then they will recommend the deposit that is most suitable for the client's conditions. If the client decides to leave information about himself in the database information system, then after a while they will send him by mail not only background information about new banking products and services, but also forms of necessary documents.

As a result, telemarketing will make it possible to satisfy the majority of initial calls and thus help attract new customers to Sberbank.

Thus, Sberbank of Russia, being the market leader in retail services to the population, does not fully use the opportunities to sell packages of comprehensive services to all categories of citizens. Competitive advantages (its own settlement system, an extensive network of branches) are also poorly implemented in the Bank's work in the market for servicing legal entities. The lack of a strategy for working with certain groups of customers, the fragmentation of the services provided and the lack of a reasonable balance between the sale of standard types of services and individual services, the lack of flexibility in the tariff policy do not allow the effective use of existing opportunities and require an early review. The volume of services provided does not correspond to the place of the Bank in the banking system of the country and should be significantly increased.

Also, in order to improve the deposit policy, Sberbank could offer a number of deposits aimed at clients with a high level of income. For example, a deposit, the peculiarity of which would be that the client's personal data would be known only to one person in the Bank - the VIP client manager. At the same time, interest can be paid monthly, including on the free of charge issued by the Bank plastic card. Moreover, even when depositing money at the cash desk, the identity of the client is not disclosed, which means that the middle and junior staff of the Bank will not know any data about the client and the risk of disclosure of information about the deposit is negligible.

Thus, when developing a deposit policy, Sberbank should be guided by certain criteria for its optimization, among which the following can be distinguished:

The relationship of deposit, credit and other operations of the Bank to maintain its stability, reliability and financial stability;

Diversification of the Bank's resources in order to minimize risk;

Segmentation deposit portfolio(for clients);

Differentiated approach to different customer groups;

Competitiveness of banking products and services.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

FEDERAL STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL

INSTITUTION

HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

"OMSK STATE SERVICE INSTITUTE"

COLLEGE "REFERENCE"

COURSE WORK

by discipline

Finance, money circulation and credit

TOPIC: Improving the deposit policy of Sberbank of Russia PJSC

Completed: 3rd year student

Prilepa G.A.

Direction:

38.00.00 Economics and management

Scientific adviser: An Yu.N.

Omsk - 2017

Introduction

Chapter 1. Theoretical aspects of the formation of the deposit policy of commercial banks

1 The concept and classification of deposit operations of a commercial bank

2 Formation of the deposit policy of commercial banks in the banking resource management system

3 Legal and regulatory framework governing deposit operations

Chapter 2. Analysis of the deposit policy of Sberbank of Russia PJSC

1 Organizational and economic characteristics of the activities of PJSC Sberbank of Russia

2 Analysis of deposit operations of Sberbank of Russia PJSC

3 Improving the deposit policy of PJSC Sberbank of Russia

Conclusion

List of sources used

Introduction

A certain specificity of banking leaves its mark on the formation of the resources of a commercial bank - its main part is formed at the expense of borrowed funds, by attracting funds from the population, organizations and legal entities in the form of deposits (deposits), opening current accounts for legal entities, personal accounts for individuals .

The main part of the banks' resources is formed by borrowed funds, which cover up to 90% of the total need for funds for active banking operations. Funds attracted by banks are diverse in composition. Their main types are funds raised by banks in the process of working with clients (deposits), funds accumulated by issuing their own debt obligations (deposit and savings certificates).

Attracting funds, the bank conducts passive operations that are necessary for the active operations of the bank. Attracting deposits also refers to the passive operations of the bank.

Deposits are the main type of resources attracted by commercial banks. Indeed, it is they who reveal the content of the activities of a commercial bank as an intermediary in the acquisition of resources in the free market of credit resources. Therefore, in order to carry out its commercial activities, a bank needs to develop and implement an effective deposit policy that will take into account all the needs and changes in the banking services market.

The purpose of the course is to analyze the deposit policy of Sberbank of Russia PJSC and determine the directions for its improvement.

In accordance with the goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks of the course work:

To study the essence and types of deposit operations of banks.

To study the procedure for the formation of the deposit policy of a commercial bank.

To study the legal and regulatory framework governing deposit operations in the Russian Federation.

Describe the activities of PJSC Sberbank of Russia.

Conduct an analysis of the deposit operations of Sberbank of Russia PJSC.

Suggest directions for improving deposit operations in Sberbank of Russia PJSC.

Research methods: analysis of economic, legal, statistical sources of literature; empirical method.

The structure of the course work. Course work includes content, introduction, two chapters, conclusion, list of sources used.

The object of the study is PJSC Sberbank of Russia, the subject is deposit operations and the deposit policy of PJSC Sberbank of Russia.

Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations for the formation of deposit operations of a commercial bank

.1 The concept and classification of deposit operations of a commercial bank

Deposit operations - these are operations of banks to attract funds from legal entities and individuals in deposits either for a certain period or on demand. Enterprises of all organizational and legal forms and individuals act as subjects of deposit operations. The objects of deposit operations are deposits, i.e. the amount of money that the subjects deposit transactions are made to bank accounts - Demand deposits are funds that can be demanded at any time without the prior consent of the bank on the part of the client. These include:

· funds on settlement, current, budget and other accounts,

· related to settlements or intended use

· funds;

· funds on the bank's correspondent account opened with the RCC;

· funds on the LORO account when establishing correspondent relations with other banks;

· demand deposits.

In most commercial banks, demand deposits account for the largest share in the structure of attracted funds. This is, as a rule, the cheapest source of formation of banking resources. The ability of the account holder to withdraw funds at any time requires an increased share of highly liquid assets in the bank's turnover by reducing the share of less liquid, but high-income assets. Therefore, on demand account balances, banks charge very low interest or do not charge it at all. In some countries, the accrual of interest on these deposits is generally prohibited by law, because in the competition for liabilities, banks raise interest rates on customer accounts, while striving to prevent a decrease in profits, and solve this problem through risky credit investments that bring increased income, but risky loans negatively affect the bank's liquidity. Despite the high mobility of funds on demand accounts, it is possible to determine their minimum minimum balance and use it as a stable credit resource.

Demand deposits include correspondent accounts of banks opened with cash registers or correspondent banks for the purpose of making settlements and payments unilaterally or on behalf of each other. Correspondent accounts are divided into two types: NOSTRO (our accounts with a correspondent bank) and LORO (their accounts with our bank). As a rule, when establishing correspondent relations between banks, the parties provide for the possibility of forming an overdraft on these accounts, the maximum amount of which is determined by the terms of the agreement on correspondent relations between banks. The credit balance on NOSTRO and LORO accounts reflects in the bank's balance sheet the resources received at its disposal from correspondent banks.

Opening and maintenance of all types of demand accounts provides for the preparation and execution of an appropriate agreement between the bank and the client. If an account is opened for an individual, then this agreement is called a bank deposit agreement on demand. For settlement and current accounts of legal entities, the conclusion of a bank account agreement is envisaged. Both agreements are public and standard for all clients of the bank. At the same time, the conclusion of a bank deposit agreement is carried out by employees of the operating divisions and the accounting department of the bank, and bank account agreements - by employees of the passive operations department and the client department of the credit institution. When opening correspondent accounts between banks, an agreement is signed on the establishment of correspondent relations, on the basis of which the procedure for opening and servicing accounts of this type is carried out. The agreement is drawn up and executed by an employee of the department of interbank lending and correspondent relations of a commercial bank.

Term deposits are deposits attracted for a certain period of time. The amount of remuneration paid to the client on a term deposit depends on the term, amount of the deposit and the fulfillment by the depositor of the terms of the agreement. A well-defined holding period is very important to maintain the liquidity of a commercial bank's balance sheet. Of course, this allows banks to charge higher interest rates on fixed-term contracts. The amount of the term deposit remains unchanged throughout the term of the term deposit agreement. It cannot be increased or decreased otherwise than by early termination of the contract. But at the same time, the depositor is charged interest at a reduced rate or is not charged at all. Term deposits cannot be used for current payments. Upon the expiration of the term, the deposit may be withdrawn by the depositor at any time.

To increase the interest of depositors in placing their funds, the bank uses various methods of calculating and paying interest. The traditional type of income calculation is simple interest, when the actual balance of the deposit is used as the basis for calculation and the calculation is made based on the interest rate stipulated by the agreement.

Another type of income calculation is compound interest (interest on interest). In this case, after the expiration of the settlement period, interest is accrued on the deposit amount and the resulting amount is added to the deposit amount. Thus, in the next billing period, the interest rate is applied to the new base, which has increased by the amount of previously accrued income. Compound interest is advisable to use if the actual payment of income is carried out at the end of the term of the deposit. A reasonably planned interest rate policy allows a commercial bank to increase its resources without a significant increase in costs while obtaining maximum profit.

.2 Formation of the deposit policy of commercial banks in the banking resource management system

In order to attract resources for their activities, it is important for commercial banks to develop a deposit policy strategy based on the goals and objectives of a commercial bank, enshrined in the charter, to maximize profits and the need to maintain bank liquidity. The deposit policy should, first of all, meet the following requirements:

economic expediency;

competitiveness;

internal consistency.

In connection with the foregoing, it cannot be said that the process of forming a deposit policy is closely interconnected with the bank's interest rate policy, since the deposit interest is an effective tool in the field of attracting resources. At the time of state regulation, interest limits were set by law in accordance with the term of the deposit, and now banks can independently set competitive interest rates, focusing on the discount rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the state of the money market and based on their own deposit policy. For certain types of deposit accounts, the amount of income is determined by the term of the deposit, the amount, the specifics of the operation of the account, the volume and nature of related services, and depends on the client's compliance with the conditions of the deposit.

Payment by the bank of interest on deposits is the main part of operating expenses. Therefore, the bank, on the one hand, is not interested in a high level of interest rates, and on the other hand, it is forced to maintain such a level of interest rates on deposits that would be attractive to customers. Trying to attract deposits, especially of large size and for a long period, commercial banks offer high interest rates to their customers, despite the growth in interest costs. However, the attraction of funds from the population by banks is not unlimited.

In order to ensure the stability of credit institutions, the Central Bank of Russia has established a mandatory norm H11 - the maximum amount of attracted cash deposits (deposits) of the population. It is calculated as a percentage of the total amount of monetary deposits of the population and the amount of own funds (capital) of the bank. The maximum allowable value of this indicator is 100%.

One of the directions of the interest rate policy of a commercial bank is the calculation and analysis of the cost of all resources and deposit operations.

For this you need:

establish an acceptable interest on deposits (deposits);

study the dynamics of the interest rate on attracted resources;

analyze changes in the interest expense on attracted resources in the total amount of the bank's expenses.

Interest rates on deposits are set by credit institutions by agreement with clients, taking into account the requirements of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. A credit institution does not have the right to unilaterally change interest rates on deposits and the terms of these agreements with clients, except as otherwise provided by the Federal Law "On Banks and Banking Activities" or an agreement with a client. The regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the procedure for calculating interest establishes that the income on the deposit is paid to the depositor in cash in the form of interest, which is charged by the bank on the balance of the principal debt at the beginning of the business day. When closing the accounts of the bank 's customers , interest is accrued until the day the account is actually closed .

Interest is calculated in one of the following ways:

simple interest;

compound interest;

with a fixed interest rate;

with a floating interest rate.

The interest rate policy of a commercial bank related to the commercialization of its activities should:

promote profit or create conditions for its receipt in the future;

regulate the values of interest rates on deposits and lending operations and set them at a level that ensures the profitability of banking operations;

ensure the relationship and consistency between deposit operations and operations for issuing loans in terms of terms and amounts;

maintain balance sheet liquidity;

minimize interest rate risk.

The main elements of the deposit policy of a commercial bank are:

) the bank's strategy for developing the main directions of the deposit process;

) the bank's policy on organizing the formation of the resource base;

) control over the implementation of the deposit policy.

1.3 Legal and regulatory framework governing deposit operations

Banks and other credit organizations operate in a certain sector of the market - in the system of monetary and financial relations. This determines the subject of their activity: money, currency values, other financial instruments.

The complexity and importance of relationships on deposits between banks and individuals and legal entities predetermine the need for their regulation. The latter is based on a complex of legislative and by-laws, normative documents of those state bodies that are entrusted with the function of regulation in the Russian Federation. Currently, the main documents regulating deposits (deposits) in the Russian Federation are: the Civil Code of the Russian Federation; Federal Law "On banks and banking activities in the Russian Federation"; Federal Law "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation", as well as other regulations. Since the Bank of Russia is the center for organizing the deposit system, it is responsible for developing rules and forms for making deposits.

Art. 28 of the Banking Law allows credit institutions to attract funds on a contractual basis in the form of deposits (deposits), loans, make settlements through settlement centers and correspondent accounts opened in accordance with the established procedure, opened with each other, and perform other mutual operations provided for by licenses issued by the Bank Russia. At the same time, “interest rates on loans, deposits (deposits) and commission fees on operations are set by the credit institution by agreement with customers”, credit institution.

Art. 29 of the Law prohibits banks from unilaterally reducing the term of a fixed-term bank deposit (deposit), reducing the amount of interest, increasing or, in principle, establishing a commission on operations, except as otherwise provided by federal law. You need to know that this prohibition applies only to term deposits, i.e. those made on the terms of their issuance after a certain period of time or upon the occurrence of circumstances stipulated by the contract. With regard to demand deposits (that is, those made on the terms of their issuance on demand), everything remains the same. The rates, terms and amount of the commission fee for them can be unilaterally changed by the bank in cases provided for by federal law or an agreement with the client. And the law (in this case, clause 2, article 838 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) just provides that the bank has the right to change the amount of interest paid on demand deposits, unless otherwise provided by the contract.

To provide guarantees for the return of citizens' funds attracted by banks and compensation for the loss of income on invested funds, a system of compulsory insurance of deposits of individuals in banks is being created. Federal Law No. 177-FZ of December 23, 2003 “On insurance of deposits of individuals in banks of the Russian Federation” establishes the legal, financial and organizational foundations for the functioning of the system of compulsory insurance of deposits of individuals in banks of the Russian Federation, the competence, procedure for the formation and activities of an organization, performing the functions of compulsory insurance of deposits, as well as the procedure for paying compensation on deposits.

The law governs relations in the creation and operation of the deposit insurance system, the formation and use of its monetary fund, the payment of compensation on deposits in the event of insured events, as well as relations arising in connection with the exercise of state control over the functioning of the deposit insurance system, and other relations arising in this area. Clause 3 of Article 5 of Federal Law No. 177-FZ of December 23, 2003 “On insurance of deposits of individuals in banks of the Russian Federation” establishes that deposit insurance does not require the conclusion of an insurance contract between a credit institution and a client.

The Civil Code, Part Two, Chapter 44 establishes the forms of bank agreements for attracting bank deposits (deposits), types of deposits, the procedure for calculating interest on a deposit and their payment, ensuring the return of a deposit and the procedure for using a savings (deposit) certificate.

The bank deposit agreement must be concluded in a simple written form and its form will be deemed to have been complied with when the client makes a deposit to the account. According to the concluded bank deposit agreement, the bank pays interest to the client in the amount specified in the agreement. Interest on the amount of a bank deposit is accrued from the day following the day of its receipt by the bank, until the day it is returned to the depositor, inclusive, and if it is debited from the depositor's account for other reasons, until the day of debiting, inclusive.

If the client-depositor does not require the return of the amount of the term deposit upon the expiration of its term or the amount of the deposit made on other terms of return, or upon the occurrence of circumstances provided for in the agreement, the agreement is considered extended on the terms of the deposit (deposit) "on demand", unless otherwise provided by the agreement . Interest on the amount of the bank deposit is paid to the client - depositor at his request after each quarter separately from the amount of the deposit, and interest not claimed within this period increases the amount of the deposit on which interest is accrued (i.e., interest is added to the deposit), unless otherwise stipulated by the bank deposit agreement.

When the bank transfers, in accordance with the terms of the agreement, the balances of funds from one balance sheet account for accounting for attracted funds to another balance account for accounting for the same funds (for example, in the event of a change in the term of a deposit (deposit) maintained in the same bank, interest is accrued on the balances funds for each balance account (previous and new) based on the actual number of calendar days of accounting for funds on each of these accounts.

current, settlement, budget, correspondent accounts;

correspondent sub-accounts;

trust management accounts;

special bank accounts;

deposit accounts of courts, bailiffs, law enforcement agencies, notaries.

Banks open these accounts for customers in the currency of the Russian Federation and foreign currencies.

Current accounts are opened for individuals to carry out settlement transactions that are not related to entrepreneurial activity or private practice.

Chapter 2. Analysis of the deposit policy of Sberbank of Russia PJSC

.1 Organizational and economic characteristics of PJSC Sberbank of Russia

PJSC Sberbank of Russia continues to actively develop remote sales channels, in particular, by expanding the network of self-service devices. Another remote service is successfully developing - Sberbank of Russia PJSC OnL @ yn. The number of its active users exceeds 9 million clients. Clients were provided with new versions of Sberbank Online applications for iPhone, iPad and Android, as well as an application for Windows Phone. PJSC Sberbank of Russia has a unique branch network, which currently includes 14 regional banks and more than 16,000 branches in 83 constituent entities of the Russian Federation located in 11 time zones. The Bank's foreign network consists of subsidiaries, branches and representative offices in the CIS, Central and Eastern Europe, Turkey, Great Britain, the USA and other countries.

The main activities of Sberbank of Russia PJSC are banking operations:

· Operations with retail clients: accepting funds in deposits and securities of the Bank, lending, servicing bank cards, operations with precious metals, buying and selling foreign currency, payments, money transfers, storage of valuables, etc.

· Operations in financial markets: with securities, derivative financial instruments, foreign currency, etc.

The financial and economic performance indicators of PJSC Sberbank of Russia are presented in Table 1. The data in Table 1 allow us to formulate the following conclusions:

· Net profit for the 1st half of 2016 was at the level of 229.4 billion rubles, which is almost 3 times higher than the result of the 1st half of 2015 (81.6 billion rubles). The main driver of profit growth is the growth of net interest income due to an increase in the volume of working assets, as well as a decrease in the level of interest rates in the market and the replacement of government financing with customer funds.

Table 1

Financial and economic performance indicators of Sberbank of Russia PJSC

Indicator 1st half of 20161st half of 2015Authorized capital, thousand rubles (according to form 0409123)2 775 289 5272 520 815 372 Net profit, RUB thousand229 409 97281 583 122 Return on assets (ROAA) %2.00.8 accounts, etc.), thousand rubles 18 874 400 88317 541 907 053

· The total capital of the Bank, calculated in accordance with Regulation No. 395-P of the Bank of Russia dated December 28, 2012 “On the methodology for determining the amount of equity (capital) of credit institutions (Basel III)”, increased by 117.2 billion compared to January 1, 2016 rubles, up to 2,775.3 billion rubles. Earned profit became the source of capital growth. The return on assets increased from 0.8% to 2.0% due to the growth in net profit.

Return on equity for the 1st half of 2016 increased from 8.0% to 18.9% due to an increase in net profit .

· Net assets decreased compared to January 1, 2016 by 3.7%, or by 0.8 trillion. rubles, up to 21.9 trillion. rubles. The dynamics of net assets was strongly influenced by the negative revaluation of foreign currency balance sheet items as a result of the strengthening of the ruble. Thus, the net loan debt compared with the beginning of the year decreased by 0.7 trillion. rubles, or by 4.0%, which was the result of the revaluation of foreign currency loans to legal entities and non-resident banks. Also, the dynamics of net loan debt was influenced by the investment of part of the funds previously placed in loans to banks in more profitable instruments, in particular, in securities. Net investments in securities and other available-for-sale financial assets increased by 16.1% or $0.4 trillion. rubles to 2.7 trillion. rubles. The growth of investments in subsidiaries and affiliates is associated with the pre-capitalization of subsidiaries. Reduction of cash balances since the beginning of the year by 0.3 trillion. rubles, or by 34.4%, which took place mainly in January, due to the seasonal decline in demand for cash compared to the period of the New Year holidays. 12

Liquidity indicators of Sberbank of Russia PJSC are presented in Table 2. commercial bank deposit

In the 1st half of 2016, the total assets of Sberbank of Russia PJSC decreased by 831 billion rubles and in the 2nd quarter amounted to 21,876 billion rubles (against 22,707 billion rubles at the beginning of the year) .

The main factors that determined the dynamics of assets were:

· decrease in the amount of net loan debt (decrease over the year by 682 billion rubles to the level of 16,188 billion rubles);

· decrease in the volume of cash by RUB 252 billion due to a decrease in demand for cash from customers;

· revaluation of assets at fair value through profit or loss (for 2015 - by 155 billion rubles),

· an increase in investments in securities and other financial assets available for sale, as well as an increase in investments in subsidiaries and affiliates (total by 598 billion rubles over half a year).

table 2

Liquidity ratios of Sberbank of Russia PJSC

Symbol (number) of the normNumber of the normAdmissible value of the normActual value of the norm01.07.201601.07.2015Н1.1Adequacy of the basic capitalMin 4.5%8,088.63Н1.2Adequacy of the fixed capitalMin 6%8,088.63Н1.0Adequacy of own funds (capital)Min 8%11.8112 67Н2Instant liquidityMin 15%105.01107.47Н3Current liquidityMin 50%148.93166.23Н4Long-term liquidityMax 120%63.8769.29Н6Maximum exposure per borrower or group of related borrowersMax 25%19.6216.78Н7Maximum exposure to large credit risks 10.6%20Max48 ,54Н9.1Maximum amount of loans, bank guarantees and guarantees provided to shareholders (participants)Max 50%00Н10.1Total amount of insider riskMax 3%0.650.84Н12Use of own funds (capital) for the acquisition of shares (stakes) other legal entities. personsMax 25%15,698.73

The Bank's current liquidity ratio (N3) reflects the risk of the Bank losing solvency within 30 days (the Bank of Russia limit is 50%). Over the year, the N3 ratio decreased by 17.30 p.p. and as of July 1, 2016, amounted to 148.93%. The Bank's long-term liquidity ratio (N4) reflects the risk of the Bank losing liquidity as a result of placing funds in long-term assets (the Bank of Russia limit is 120%). From July 1, 2015, the N4 ratio decreased by 5.42 and as of July 1, 2016 amounted to 63.87%. The Bank respects the limit values of mandatory liquidity ratios established by the Bank of Russia with a reserve.

In recent years, PJSC "Sberbank of Russia" has done a lot of work, which ensured the final formation of the main groups of competitive advantages, namely:

· Significant client base. Sberbank of Russia PJSC successfully works with clients in all segments (from retail clients and individual entrepreneurs to the largest holdings and transnational companies) in all regions of the country.

· Huge scale of operations. PJSC Sberbank of Russia has undeniable advantages both in terms of business scale (size of transactions, access to resources, international ratings) and in terms of the size and quality of physical infrastructure (in particular, a unique distribution network for retail and corporate clients, including physical offices, ATMs and payment terminals, digital service channels).

· A wide range of financial products and services. Due to the presence in the Group's product line of a full range of operations for all groups of clients in all countries of presence, PJSC Sberbank of Russia can provide comprehensive services to each client, both in Russia and abroad. The Bank also has a unique opportunity to provide high-quality services to both individuals and legal entities at the same time.

· Industrial technologies. Over the past 5 years, Sberbank of Russia has managed to create a solid foundation for further innovative development: an industrial risk management system has been built, the operational function has been consolidated, and IT processes and systems have been significantly streamlined.

It is planned to achieve these results through work in the following key areas:

· Maintaining a high quality of assets - building an optimal ratio of profitability and risk in lending operations.

· With a client for life: we will build very deep trusting relationships with our clients, become a useful, sometimes invisible and integral part of their lives. Our goal is to exceed our clients' expectations;

· Team and culture: we strive to ensure that our employees and the corporate culture of Sberbank of Russia become one of the main sources of our competitive advantage;

· Technological breakthrough: we will complete the technological modernization of the Bank and learn how to integrate all the latest technologies and innovations into our business;

· Financial Performance: We will improve the financial performance of our business through better management of costs and risk/return ratio;

· Mature organization: we will develop organizational and management skills, create processes that correspond to the scale of the Sberbank of Russia Group and our level of ambition.

.2 Analysis of deposit operations of Sberbank of Russia PJSC

Table 3

Structure of funds of individuals PJSC "Sberbank of Russia"

mln rub.01.01.201601.01.2015Current and demand accounts19383861561367Term deposits82828996437685Funds in precious metals, etc. Redstvah120852128855Total funds of individuals and individual. entrepreneurs103421378127907

During 2015, amid the general market trend towards lower deposit rates and the existing dynamics of the key rate of the Bank of Russia, Sberbank lowered interest rates on deposits in rubles and foreign currency six times, including savings certificates of individuals. Promotions for ruble products, maintaining a competitive level of rates on foreign currency deposits, as well as new deposits for wealthy clients allowed PJSC Sberbank of Russia to retain its market share in term deposits in rubles and significantly increase its share in foreign currency deposits (Table 4) .

As of January 1, 2016, more than 170,000 clients have signed up for the Sberbank Premier service package and over 22,000 VIP clients use the Sberbank First service package.

Table 4

Share of Sberbank of Russia PJSC in the Russian retail deposit market

%01.01.201601.01.2015In the market of deposits in rubles49.650.1In the market of deposits in foreign currency37.330.4In the market of deposits46.045.0

As part of these packages, customers receive premium debit cards for themselves and their loved ones, Priority Pass cards for access to the business lounges of the largest airports in the world, have the opportunity to take advantage of preferential exchange rates and precious metals, as well as a discount on the use of safe deposit boxes. For each package, there is a special line of deposits with an increased interest rate, as well as increased rates on savings accounts.

Starting October 1, 2015, the Gold package of services was launched for clients of the upper mass segment, which includes gold debit cards and travel insurance for the whole family.

Table 5

Statistics of pensioners in PJSC "Sberbank of Russia"

01/01/201601/01/2015Number of social pensioners receiving pensions through Sberbank, persons 2478991923291132Share of pensioners receiving pensions through Sberbank in the total number of social pensioners in the Russian Federation, % (excluding the number of Crimean pensioners)59.056.2

In PJSC Sberbank of Russia, work with the Social segment is singled out separately. The level of protection of the interests of pensioners in terms of the safety of their deposits from encroachments by third parties has been increased. A memo has been developed for employees of departments to protect the savings of pensioners and the disabled from fraudulent actions of third parties. Now, by taking simple steps, branch employees can stop fraudsters, prevent them from using their gullibility and fraudulently forcing customers to make debit transactions on their accounts. Simplified registration of receipt of pensions to bank accounts: an application for the delivery of pensions is automatically printed when opening an account, which frees up 15 minutes of clients' time and eliminates time-consuming manual filling in details. Work is underway so that pensioners can draw up documents for the delivery of pensions remotely through their personal account on the Unified Portal of Public Services.

Sberbank of Russia PJSC offers various deposit programs. Therefore, every citizen of Russia can use the most convenient program:

· "Save your contribution";

· "savings certificate";

· "urgent";

· “deposit contribution for people of retirement age”.

about 2% per annum in euros;

10% in domestic currency;

3% in dollars.

People of retirement age most often use deposits "Replenish" and "Save". The conditions of these deposits are almost identical to the deposits for other categories of people. The only difference is the deposit rate. It depends on the period of validity of the funds. To increase your own capital, you can use the online deposit.

The “Pension Plus” deposit program is very popular among pensioners. According to the terms of this deposit, the profit is accrued in the form of a certain supplement to the pension. In addition, there is the possibility of an additional contribution and partial withdrawal of accrued interest. The total rate on this deposit is 3.72% per annum.

"Happy percent" - a new contribution for citizens. The total rate for this deposit depends on several factors:

economic situation in the state;

inflation rate;

the total amount of banking resources;

business activity.

Bank offers of deposit programs depend on the listed criteria. In addition, most of these factors are aimed at the main position of the Central Bank of Russia. According to official information, the deposit rate this year will not exceed 10% at Sberbank. The inflation rate in 2016 was approximately 9%. Accordingly, a large financial institution saves capital from the effects of inflation.

get the most profitable profit;

place and replenish funds;

use the most profitable programs for a period of 3 to 6 months;

withdraw the accumulated money when absolutely necessary.

Sberbank of Russia PJSC offers every citizen of the Russian Federation a flexible system of cash deposits. Each person can choose the duration of storage of accumulated funds. For example, the “Replenish” term deposit is issued after 3 months. This contribution is valid for several years (3 years).

The "Manage" deposit provides an opportunity regular contribution accumulated funds and partial withdrawals. The initial amount for making a deposit is from 31,000 rubles and 1050 dollars and euros. The general rate is 5.77% to 7.34% in rubles, 0.3% and 1.6% in euros, 0.7%-2.64% in US currency. General rates on bank deposits are not too high. However, customers can multiply equity and not worry about the safety of financial savings. Deposit program "Replenish" for people who want to regularly deposit money savings. The smallest amount for making a deposit is 100 euros and dollars, 1100 rubles. General rates on a ruble deposit are about 6.85% -8%, dollar 0.8% -2.72%, euro 0.53-1.8%.

"Multi-currency" deposit is issued in several currencies. The smallest amount to replenish an account is 110 dollars or euros and 1100 rubles. There is also the possibility of earning income from the change exchange rate. Deposit rates for domestic currency 0.015%-6.7%, dollar 0.01%-2.7%, euro 0.01%-1.6%.

The "international" deposit provides for the possibility of using many foreign currencies. As a result, bank client can additionally earn on exchange rate fluctuations. General rates on deposit programs are: 0.1% -2.7% francs, 0.3% -2.7% yen, 0.7% -4.5% pounds sterling.

Programs: "Save", "Replenish", "Manage" are presented on the official website of PJSC "Sberbank of Russia". In addition, the banking institution offers an application for opening a deposit online. The conditions for replenishing the account are identical to other deposits. However, the interest rates are slightly different:

"Save online" 6.45%-9.47% in domestic currency, 0.25%-2.14% in euros, 0.45%-3% in dollars;

"Replenish online" 7% -8.8% for rubles, 0.6% -2% for euros, 1.01% -3% for US currency;

"Manage online" 6.2%-7.6% in rubles, 0.57%-1.8% in euros, 1%-2.9% in dollars. According to this information, each person can choose their preferred deposit option. Funds can be invested in any of the 3 bank accounts.

Russian citizens can invest financial resources, both in domestic and foreign currencies, based on their own preferences. American dollars or pounds sterling, euro, yen.

Bank interest depends on the initial deposit and deposit account. Programs for replenishment in dollars and euros are available for all deposit accounts.

For a more detailed analysis, it is necessary to examine deposit accounts:

"Multicurrency deposit";

"Happy year";

"Save";

"Replenish".

The most profitable deposit program in domestic currency is offered by: "Lucky Interest" and "Savings Certificate". These programs involve high stakes for each contributor.

Savings certificate It is an official document that contains information about the deposit of an individual. Upon the expiration of the cash account placement, the owner must present this document and receive the funds along with the accumulated interest. The certificate is issued in the name of the owner or his authorized representative.

2.3 Improving the deposit policy of Sberbank of Russia

Increasing competition for customer funds requires modern banks to pay increased attention to improving the methods used to manage attracted resources.

In addition to laws, the Bank's activities are regulated by detailed regulations of the Bank of Russia, which define the main requirements for banks.

The monetary policy pursued by the Bank of Russia has a significant impact on the activities to attract resources.

Reserve requirements have historically performed the function of securing the obligations of banks to depositors and creditors, which is not so important in the context of the creation of a deposit insurance system. In modern conditions, the policy of reserve requirements has a great impact on the volume and structure of attracted resources, and mainly on the cost of attracted resources. Of course, the establishment of required reserves by the Bank of Russia is justified. But for a bank, as you know, reserve requirements mean the need to divert part of the attracted resources to reserve accounts, and, consequently, a reduction in the amount of resources that can be used to conduct profitable active operations.

An important method of managing the attracted resources of the bank is the diversification of attracted resources.

Diversification (from Latin diversification - change, variety) of deposits involves the expansion of modifications of deposit services, and speaking in a simple way, an increase in the variety of types of deposits offered by the bank. In recent years, the range of deposit services has significantly expanded and continues to expand, and banks strive to meet the needs of various categories of depositors as much as possible: hence youth deposits, pension deposits, deposits for VIP clients, etc.).

Other methods of managing the attracted resources of the bank are the differentiation of interest rates; billing; limitation.

Tariffication as a method of managing attracted resources is associated with the establishment and change of tariffs for certain banking services. The tariff basis is based on bank commissions and service fees (account maintenance, etc.). The Bank sets tariffs for opening, maintenance and servicing of accounts separately for individuals and legal entities. Tariffs are set, for example, for the following services in terms of attracted resources of individuals: opening an account (may be free); monthly fee for maintaining a personal account (charged without acceptance); crediting cash to the account (usually free of charge); providing an account statement on all transactions performed.

Of particular relevance today is the portfolio method of managing attracted resources. The purpose of applying this method is to ensure a balance between attracted and placed resources in terms of terms and interest. Therefore, the Bank needs a competent deposit policy, which is based on maintaining the required level of diversification, ensuring the possibility of attracting funds from other sources and maintaining a balance with assets in terms of terms, volumes and interest rates. In order to maintain a stable position and dynamic development in the deposit services market, Sberbank of Russia also created a deposit insurance system. This system is beneficial for both the Bank and its customers. For customers, the deposit insurance system is attractive in terms of the safety of their deposits in the event of the Bank's possible bankruptcy, which will provide this bank with comparative advantages compared to other banks where such a system is not available. This system provides the Bank with an additional inflow of temporarily free funds of the population and legal entities into deposits, since will be sure that his contribution is protected in crisis situations. The inflow of funds will accordingly allow the Bank to expand its base for lending to the real sector of the economy. The objects of insurance in the first place (due to the lack of funding sources) are deposits of individuals, and in the future, deposits of legal entities.

Sberbank of Russia is included in the register of banks participating in the mandatory deposit insurance system. (Sberbank of Russia was admitted to the deposit insurance system at a meeting of the Banking Supervision Committee of the Bank of Russia on December 29, 2004). From January 11, 2005, funds of individuals in rubles and foreign currency placed with the bank on the basis of a bank deposit agreement or bank account agreement, including interest accrued on the amount of the deposit, are considered insured. It is obvious that the creation of DIS equalized Sberbank with other commercial banks, depriving it of competitive advantages from having a full state guarantee for all attracted deposits from the population.

However, despite the equalization of the rights of Sberbank with other commercial banks, it remains the largest bank in the country with the most developed branch network, which the population used to trust.

In turn, the deposit guarantee system allows to solve the following tasks:

attracting long-term resources to the banking sector;

increasing the investment activity of credit institutions;

growing confidence in the banking system, primarily on the part of small depositors;

increasing the stability of the banking sector;

reducing the likelihood of systemic risk.

The organization of a deposit guarantee system makes sense only if the goal is to support individual credit institutions, subject to the stable functioning of the entire banking sector. In the event of a systemic crisis, the partial guarantees on which the deposit insurance scheme is based will neither maintain nor restore it.

increase in its resource base. The transfer of financial resources to the banking system is estimated by economists at 10-20 billion dollars. At the same time, this process at the initial stage will be accompanied by an outflow of funds from the Savings Bank, whose interest rates on deposits were traditionally lower than the interest rates of private commercial banks.

growth in the share of deposits equivalent in size to the amount of guarantees (i.e. up to 100 thousand rubles). Accordingly, the strategy of individual creditors with larger amounts will be based on the placement of funds with different credit institutions. Thus, a uniform distribution of resources among commercial banks will be achieved.

the emergence of alternative deposit operations opportunities for the placement of funds. At the same time, banks will be interested both in reducing the costs associated with paying insurance premiums and in striving to retain the most profitable customers.

It has already been said above that the bulk of the funds raised by Sberbank of Russia are deposits from the population. However, statistics show that the share of bank savings in the total savings of citizens does not exceed 20-30%, which indicates significant opportunities for a significant increase in the passive base by attracting household savings. In fact, competition between banks for the funds of depositors today takes place only in the market of short-term savings of the population and does not affect the means of accumulation. The political and economic instability of the last decade, the distrust of citizens in the Russian currency, the numerous facts of bankruptcy of large financial companies and banks hinder the involvement of public funds in economic circulation. As the economic and political situation in the country stabilizes, the possibilities of attracting these funds will increase. Competitive advantages in this market will be given to banks that are able to guarantee customers the safety of deposits and ensure the provision of a full range of quality banking services.

The potential of Sberbank of Russia in the market for attracting funds from legal entities has not yet been exhausted either. The possibility of comprehensive servicing of the largest enterprises of the country with a developed regional structure throughout the Russian Federation makes it possible to secure the majority of large corporate clients in the Bank, and an extensive network of branches allows satisfying the needs for banking services for small and medium-sized businesses.

Given the above, we can also assume that Sberbank customers will benefit from targeted deposits, the payment of which will be timed to coincide with the vacation period, birthdays or other holidays.

Creating a system of individual service involves:

offering the client specially designed individual schemes and technologies that ensure the development and optimization of the client's business, insurance of his risks;

assigning personal managers with the necessary level of authority to the client, providing clients with the technological and information capabilities of the Bank, a wide range of consulting services;

conducting a flexible tariff policy for individual service. In addition, Sberbank of Russia has unique opportunities to simultaneously promote a set of services throughout Russia at a lower cost by consolidating the costs of introducing new technologies and conducting advertising campaigns, but, as such, potential depositors do not see advertising of banking products and services of Sberbank of Russia and they don't hear. It follows that the bank should develop systematic approaches to advertising policy, which will make it an effective tool for building a client base. Each competitive advantage of the Bank, each new product offered for sale, must be known and understandable to customers, easily comparable, and also advantageously different from competitors' offers. To speed up and facilitate customers in obtaining the necessary information about deposits in Sberbank, it is advisable to create a telemarketing service - advertising bank deposits by phone, which will be provided free of charge.

In the event that the client finds it difficult to state his problems, the telemarketing service specialists will ask leading questions: what funds does he have, for how long does he want to deposit money on a deposit, what profit does he expect, etc. And then they will recommend the deposit that is most suitable for the client's conditions. If the client decides to leave information about himself in the database of the information system, then after a while he will be sent by mail not only background information about new banking products and services, but also the forms of the necessary documents.

As a result, telemarketing will make it possible to satisfy the majority of initial calls and thus help attract new customers to Sberbank.

Also, in order to improve the deposit policy, Sberbank could offer a number of deposits aimed at clients with a high level of income. For example, a deposit, the peculiarity of which would be that the client's personal data would be known only to one person in the Bank - the VIP client manager. At the same time, interest can be paid monthly, including on a plastic card issued by the Bank free of charge. Moreover, even when depositing money at the cash desk, the identity of the client is not disclosed, which means that the middle and junior staff of the Bank will not know any data about the client and the risk of disclosure of information about the deposit is negligible.

Thus, when developing a deposit policy, Sberbank should be guided by certain criteria for its optimization, among which the following can be distinguished: