The aim of my work is to consider important event as state regulation of the economy.
State regulation economy - the process of state influence on economic life society and related social processes, during which the economic and social policy of the state is implemented, based on a certain concept.

Introduction ………………………………………………………………..

Chapter 1. The essence of state regulation of the economy
……………………………………………………………………………
1.1. Goals and objectives of the GRE………………………………………………..
1.2. Objects of the GRE……………………………………………………….
1.3. The boundaries of state intervention in the economy…………….
1.4. State regulation tools……………

Chapter 2 The policy of state regulation of the economy
……………………………………………………………………………
2.1. Social policy of the state……………………………….
2.2. financial policy states……………………………….
2.2.1. Taxes…………………………………………………………….
2.2.2. The state budget……………………………………….

Chapter 3. State regulation of the economy in Russia
……………………………………………………………………………
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………
List of used literature ……………………………..

The work contains 1 file

"Dynamics of methods and priorities of state regulation of the economy".

Introduction ………………………………………………………………..

Chapter 1. The essence of state regulation of the economy

1.1. Goals and objectives of the GRE………………………………………………..

1.2. Objects of the GRE……………………………………………………….

1.3. The boundaries of state intervention in the economy…………….

1.4. State regulation tools……………

Chapter 2 The policy of state regulation of the economy

………………………………………………………………… …………

2.1. Social policy of the state……………………………….

2.2. Financial policy of the state……………………………….

2.2.1. Taxes…………………………………………………………….

2.2.2. The state budget…………………… ………………….

Chapter 3. State regulation of the economy in Russia

………………………………………………………………… …………

Conclusion ……………………………………………………………

List of used literature ……………………………..

Introduction

In all economic systems, without exception, the state regulates the economy. In a modern market economy, such regulation is carried out on a smaller scale than, for example, in an administrative-command system, but economic role the state is still great.

State regulation of the economy (GRE)- this is a system of standard measures of a legislative, executive and supervisory nature, carried out by the relevant competent government agencies and public organizations in order to stabilize and adapt the existing socio-economic system to changing conditions.

As is known, the possibility of the GRE appears upon reaching a certain level of economic development, concentration of production and capital. This is necessary, as problems and difficulties are growing, with which state regulation of the economy is called upon to cope.

The GRE is aimed at solving various problems, for example, stimulating economic growth, regulating employment, encouraging development progress in sectoral and regional structures, and supporting exports. Specific directions, forms, scales of the GRE are determined by the nature of economic and social problems in a particular country in a given specific period.

The most developed GRE mechanisms are regulatory mechanisms in some countries of Western Europe (in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Scandinavian countries, Austria, Spain), in Japan, a number of rapidly developing countries in Asia and Latin America. State regulation of the economy is less developed in the USA, Canada, Australia, where, unlike Europe, there were no socio-economic upheavals similar to the consequences of World War II and where private capital had a particularly strong position. However, state regulation of the economy in these countries also plays a significant role, especially with high rates of unemployment and inflation.

The role of state regulation of the economy in developing countries, creating their own independent economy and in the former socialist countries, moving to a market economy based on private property.

The modern economy is incredibly complex, it is designed to create conditions for a wide variety of human activities. Depending on how well the economy is organized, on what principles this organization is built, it is possible to determine what tasks it is able to solve and what interests of society it can satisfy.

The purpose of my work is to consider such an important phenomenon as state regulation of the economy.

State regulation of the economy is the process of state influence on the economic life of society and related social processes, during which the economic and social policy of the state is implemented, based on a certain concept.

As the main methods of influencing the economy to achieve the results necessary for society, the state uses methods of direct and indirect influence. The use of these methods involves the use of techniques and means characteristic of them. Thus, the method of direct impact on the economy is implemented by means of administrative and economic influence. The indirect method of regulation is implemented only by economic means. A feature of the direct method of state regulation is, first of all, that it is based on the authority of state power and is not associated with the creation of additional material incentives for its implementation. An important specific feature of it is that it involves measures of prohibition, permission, coercion (legislative activity, licensing, etc.), and also provides for the organization of management of public sector enterprises, state property. The indirect method of state regulation of economic life is characterized by an indirect way of influencing socio-economic processes and economic objects.

Chapter 1. The essence of state regulation of the economy

1.1 Goals and objectives of the EDT

The main task of state regulation of the economy– creation of certain conditions to ensure the normal functioning of the economy. The state, in interaction with the market, supports and stimulates the development of society, defending, first of all, its interests. The development of society contributes to the effective, maximum independent functioning of market entities, obtaining optimal benefits for them. The state protects the right of property, the rights of consumers.

The main functions of the GRE:

Development, adoption and control over the implementation of economic legislation;

Determination of macroeconomic policy priorities;

Ensuring the conditions for the effective functioning of the market;

The decision of those economic problems which the market mechanism does not solve.

The state determines the regulatory and legal field and the rules of the game on which the market players play and adhere to.

Tasks of the GRE:

1. improvement of legislation that provides the legal basis for the activities of entrepreneurs and the protection of their interests.
2. Maintaining optimal general economic proportions.
3. Improving the sectoral structure of the economy, state support for basic and other industries.
4. Optimal combination of current and prospective directions of economic development: structural-investment and scientific-technical policy.
5. Creation of favorable conditions for capital accumulation.
6. Maintaining a level of differentiation and distribution of income acceptable to the majority of the population, and social stability in society.
7. Regulation of employment and the quality of reproduction of the labor force in the context of constant changes in the productive forces.
8. Creation of conditions for free and fair competition, free movement of goods in the domestic and foreign markets.
9. Protecting the environment, preventing its contamination, preventing the death of nature.
10. Ensuring national security, etc.

1.2 Objects of the SE

State regulation of the economy as a systemic phenomenon presupposes the existence of objects and subjects.

Objects of the state survey- these are spheres, industries, regions, socio-economic processes, the economy as a whole, that is, everything that is directed by the regulatory activity of the state to ensure the conditions for the effective functioning of the national economy.

In recent decades, the range of objects of regulation has expanded significantly. The objects of state regulation to a greater extent become the general conditions for the existence and development of society. These include environmental problems and the sphere of international cooperation, defense and energy facilities, as well as organizations performing nationwide functions, including ensuring military and economic security. The state takes care of the production of public goods and services. It finances defense spending, law enforcement, and social spending.

The main objects of the GRE include: the structure of the economy in its sectoral, regional, sectoral and reproductive aspects. Economic cycles; forms of ownership; material and financial resources of the country, etc. An important object of state regulation of the economy is the accumulation of capital. The production, appropriation and capitalization of profits always serve as the main goal of economic activity in a market economy.

The ratio between the supply and demand of labor must satisfy the need of the economy for skilled and disciplined workers, whose wages serve as sufficient motivation for them to work. An undesirable and sharp decline in employment leads to an increase in the number of unemployed, a decrease in consumer demand, lower tax revenues, higher taxes and other negative consequences.

State regulation of the economy pays special attention to the circulation of money. The main direction of the regulation of monetary circulation is the fight against inflation, which is one of the most serious dangers to the economy.

Perhaps one of the most important objects of regulation are prices. The dynamics and structure of prices objectively reflect the state of the economy. At the same time, the prices themselves strongly influence the structure of the economy, the conditions for investment, and the stability of national currencies.

The objects of state regulation of the economy are distinguished depending on the level of tasks they solve and methods of solutions.

These are the following hierarchical levels: firm level; region; industries; economic sectors (industry, agriculture, services); the economy as a whole; global (social relations, ecology); supranational (economic and political relations with foreign countries, various integration processes). At the same time, it is impossible to say which of these levels is dominant and which is secondary, since they all operate within the same system.

The subjects of state regulation of the economy are legislative, executive and judicial authorities. State power in the Russian Federation is exercised by: President Russian Federation, the Federal Assembly (Federation Council and the State Duma), the Government of the Russian Federation, the courts of the Russian Federation. State power in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is exercised by the bodies of state power formed by them. The delimitation of the subjects of jurisdiction and powers between the state authorities of the Russian Federation and the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is carried out by the Constitution, federal and other agreements on the delimitation of objects of jurisdiction and powers.

The state apparatus that regulates the economic development of the country, in addition to the three branches of government, includes the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia).

1.3 The boundaries of state intervention in the economy

First of all, it is the right organization monetary circulation.

Equally important is the provision by the state of various public goods. The mechanism of the free market makes it possible to satisfy practically all the needs that are expressed in monetary form, that is, through demand. However, there are needs that cannot be measured in money and turned into demand. We are talking about services for collective use: state defense, public administration, the energy system, national communications networks, public order, environmental control, etc. Here, state intervention in the economy is indispensable.

The consequences of externalities can also be eliminated only through the state. In the processes of market production and consumption, peculiar defects can arise that have no monetary expression and are not fixed by the market. These externalities disrupt the market equilibrium and cause inefficient allocation of resources, which necessitates government intervention in the economy.

Influence of the state on economic processes in order to create optimal conditions for the development and support of the existing market mechanism, and its changes, if necessary.

In the history of economic thought there have always been discussions about the degree of state intervention in the economy. "For" - the mercantilists spoke, and representatives classical school political economy defended the slogan of "economic freedom". The 20th century is the century of world wars and economic crises redistributed the scales in the direction of state regulation. The victory was won by the theoretical justifications of J. M. Keynes, called the Keynesian model of economics. It flourished in the 1950s and 1960s, but in the 1970s the chronic deficit of state budgets led to the weakening of its positions and their replacement by neoliberalism and the modern theory of "supply-side economics".

Tasks and goals of state regulation

Regulation is designed to ensure the effective functioning of the economic system of the state, which consists in the interaction of all spheres, primarily financial, legal and social. In this regard, there is a theoretical aspect and a practical implementation. The first includes forecasting and drawing up models of action. Practice provides for the implementation of specific legislative, executive and supervisory measures aimed at regulation.

The main goal of state regulation is to improve the welfare of society as a whole, which implies the welfare of each of its members. The goals of state regulation are usually structured into economic, social and political. In this case, the main components are:

• stable economic development and growth;
• employment policy;
• maintaining stability national currency and pricing;
• social protection of the population;
• foreign economic activity.

The implementation of the first 4 directions and their interrelation ensure the achievement of balance in the macroeconomic sphere. In the context of the globalization process, the results of their complex interaction directly affect the foreign economic sphere state activities. At a certain historical stage in the development of society, the sequence of achieving goals may change.

It should be noted that the methods of state regulation are divided into direct and indirect. Direct ones provide for administrative and legal measures, and their impact lies in the fact that economic entities act on the basis of government regulations and cannot be fully guided by free economic choice. They are an element of the mixed economy and have shown high efficiency, especially in those countries where it is underdeveloped.

Indirect methods, as a rule, are of an economic nature and create prerequisites for the independent choice of subjects economic relations for the achievement of general economic goals. Competent interaction of methods with each other provides a solution to the main problem - improving the welfare of society.

Functions and instruments of state regulation

As for the functions of the state, the most important is the creation of the necessary legislative framework, providing a legal basis for the functioning of a market economy. An important function of the state is the activation of innovation and entrepreneurial activity, stimulating investment policy.

In a modern market economy, the state acts as a guarantor in the sphere of social protection population. The tool for this is the function of income redistribution in favor of less protected groups of the population. Social policy is not inferior in importance to such an instrument as the management of the public sector of the economy, since it prevents the growth of social tension in society and contributes to the achievement of social security. Regarding the use state property, then it acts as a basic element for the implementation of long-term tasks, especially in those areas that require significant investment.

Topic1:

Economics (GE) and its object

Goals :

Plan:

Test questions:

Literature: A: 6, 7, 9

Topic 2:

Goals:

Plan:

Test questions:

Literature: O: 1, 4, 6

D: 4, 34, 46

Topic 3:

Goals:

Plan:

Test questions:

Literature: A: 1, 4, 6

Topic 4:

Goals:

6. Study the structure of the market.

Plan:

6. Market structure.

Test questions:

Literature: A: 22, 31, 34, 36

Topic 5:

Goals:

Plan:

Test questions:

7. Define the concept of economic structure.

Literature: A: 7, 9, 41

D: 4, 7, 9, 36

Topic 6: Socio-economic forecasting and planning as the initial stage of the state's activity in regulating the economy.

Goals:

1. To study the scientific and methodological foundations of economic forecasting.

2. Know the essence, principles and methods of forecasting.

3. To know the state national programs as the basis for the implementation of the state strategy in priority areas of economic development and as an integral part of national economic plans.

4. Examine the process for developing and approving these programs.

5. Reveal the essence, scientific foundations and character traits strategic and indicative planning of industries and regions.

6. Expand the concept of development of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Strategy-2030"

Plan:

1. Scientific and methodological foundations of economic forecasting.

2. Essence, principles and methods of forecasting.

3. State national programs as the basis for the implementation of the state strategy in priority areas of economic development and as an integral part of national economic plans.

4. Development and approval of these programs.

5. Essence, scientific foundations and characteristic features of strategic and indicative planning of industries and regions.

6. The concept of development of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Strategy-2030"

Test questions:

1. What are the scientific and methodological foundations of economic forecasting?

2. Name the essence, principles and methods of forecasting.

3. List the state national programs that are the basis for the implementation of the state strategy in priority areas of economic development.

4. What is the process for developing and approving such programs?

5. What is the essence, scientific foundations and characteristic features of strategic and indicative planning of industries and regions.

6. What is the concept of development of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Strategy-2030"

Literature: A: 5, 11, 24, 35, 37

L: 11, 16, 45

Goals:

Plan:

Test questions:

Literature:

Fundamentals of the formation of scientific, technical and innovation policy of the state. Socio-economic aspect of scientific and technical progress and its main directions. The system of state measures to accelerate and improve the efficiency of scientific and technological progress. Stimulation and state support of priority areas of scientific and technological development. The main goals of scientific and technical policy. The system of measures for the implementation of the innovation policy of the state. Industrial and innovative strategy of the state for 2003-2015.

Topic 8: State regulation of rational employment and social

Protection of the population.

Goals:

1. To reveal the forms and main causes of unemployment and the role of the state in its reduction.

2. Know the process of formation of the labor market and the state approach to its development.

3. Study inflation, unemployment, wages and the problem rational use labor resources.

4. Identify the principles and methods of state regulation of the standard of living of the population.

5. Reveal the economic role of social infrastructure and the development of market relations in its sectors.

6. Determine the relationship of these industries with the level of the human development index.

7. Know the state regulation of the development of social infrastructure and its mechanisms.

Plan:

1. Forms and main causes of unemployment and the role of the state in its reduction.

2. The process of formation of the labor market and the state approach to its development.

3. Inflation, unemployment, wages and the problem of rational use of labor resources.

4. Principles and methods of state regulation of the standard of living of the population.

5. The economic role of social infrastructure and the development of market relations in its sectors.

6. The relationship of these industries with the level of the human development index.

7. State regulation of the development of social infrastructure and its mechanisms.

Test questions:

1. List the forms and main causes of unemployment and the role of the state in its reduction.

2. What is the process of formation of the labor market and the state approach to its development.

3. Define the concepts of inflation, unemployment, wages and the problem of rational use of labor resources.

4. Name the principles and methods of state regulation of the standard of living of the population.

5. What is the economic role of social infrastructure and the development of market relations in its sectors.

6. Determine the relationship of these industries with the level of the human development index.

7. Define the concept of state regulation of the development of social infrastructure and name its mechanisms.

Literature: A: 1, 4, 18, 20, 36

Topic 9: Formation and mechanisms for the implementation of the investment policy of the state

Goals:

1. Reveal the essence of the investment and the investment concept.

2. Know the most important principles of the investment activity of the state.

3. Highlight the sources and problem of rational use investment resources.

4. Identify the problem investment attractiveness states.

5. Determine the score investment projects and development of long-term programs of investment activity of the state.

6. Know the financial and budgetary and monetary levers of the effective use of the investment potential of the state.

Plan:

1. Investment and investment concept.

2. The most important principles of the investment activity of the state.

3. Sources and the problem of rational use of investment resources.

4. Evaluation of investment projects and development of long-term programs of investment activities of the state.

5. The problem of investment attractiveness of the state.

6. Financial, budgetary and monetary levers for the effective use of the investment potential of the state.

Test questions:

1. Define the concepts of investment and investment concept.

2. Name the most important principles of the investment activity of the state.

3. What is the evaluation of investment projects and the development of long-term programs of investment activities of the state.

4. List the problems of the investment attractiveness of the state.

5. Determine the financial, budgetary and monetary levers for the effective use of the investment potential of the state.

Literature: O: 1, 6, 42,

D: 15, 24, 31, 34 [63]

Topic 10: The system of state measures for efficient use land resources

Goals:

Plan:

Test questions:

Literature:

Land as the main means of production in the agricultural sector of the economy. Peculiarities Agriculture and scientific substantiation of the priority development of its branches. Essence and goals of the agrarian policy of the state. Mechanisms state support agricultural sector and regulation of its development in the future. Development of the agro-food complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan and government measures to support it.

Topic 11: Financial and budgetary methods of economic regulation.

Goals:

1. To study the modern financial and budgetary system of the Republic of Kazakhstan and identify its socio-economic role.

2. Know the composition and priority of financial mechanisms for regulating the economy.

3. Select the state organization of tax collection and measures to increase tax revenues to the budget.

4. Know planning public spending and their optimization.

5. Open the system of the state budget and the problem of improvement interbudgetary relations.

6. To study the sources and methods of financing the budget deficit.

7. Know inner and outer state debt and measures for its redemption.

8. Identify off-budget funds and mechanisms of state influence on the process of their rational use.

Plan:

1. Modern financial and budgetary system of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its socio-economic role.

2. Composition and priority of financial mechanisms for regulating the economy.

3. State organization of tax collection and measures to increase tax revenues to the budget.

4. Planning of public expenditures and their optimization.

5. The system of the state budget and the problem of improving interbudgetary relations.

6. Sources and methods of financing the budget deficit.

7. Internal and external public debt and measures for its repayment.

8. Extrabudgetary funds and mechanisms of state influence on the process of their rational use.

Test questions:

1. Name the modern financial and budgetary system of the Republic of Kazakhstan and identify its socio-economic role.

2. List the composition and priority of financial mechanisms for regulating the economy.

3. Name the state organization of tax collection and measures to increase tax revenues to the budget.

4. What is the planning of public spending and their optimization?

5. What is the system of the state budget and the problem of improving interbudgetary relations?

6. List the sources and methods of financing the budget deficit.

7. What constitutes domestic and foreign public debt and measures to repay it?

8. Name off-budget funds and mechanisms of state influence on the process of their rational use.

Literature: A: 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 14, 24, 30

Topic 12: The main mechanisms for the implementation of the monetary policy of the state.

Goals:

9. Know the monetary means of regulation.

10. To study the tasks of the Central Bank of the state.

11. Study the control of the banking sector.

Plan:

9. Monetary means of regulation.

10. Tasks of the Central Bank of the state.

11. Control over the banking sector.

Test questions:

9. List the monetary means of regulation.

10. Name the tasks of the Central Bank of the state.

11. What is the control over the banking sector.

Literature: A: 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 14, 24, 30

L: 2, 8, 13, 38

Goals, objectives and foundations for the formation of the monetary policy of the state, the functioning of the monetary system of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the role National Bank in its improvement. Administrative and economic levers used by the state to ensure the rational use of credit resources and regulate the activities of second-tier banks. State measures to ensure the stability of the financial market and the real exchange rate. The relationship of money circulation with pricing factors and trends in price formation. The main methods of state regulation of the pricing process: the establishment of fixed prices (tariffs), upper and lower limits of price fluctuations, price subsidies, changes in the depreciation policy and tax rates, public procurement of goods (services), etc. Overseas experience state regulation of prices and shortcomings of the market pricing mechanism.

Topic 13: State regulation of social economic development regions of Kazakhstan.

Goals:

1. To study the formation and methods of implementation of state policy in the field regional development.

2. Know the organizational structure and activities government agencies to ensure economic and social development regions, socially backward areas, depressed small and medium-sized cities.

3. Highlight the definition of need and the role of concept development government programs regional development.

4. Reveal the foundations for combining national and regional interests in optimizing the distribution of productive forces.

5. Be able to recognize the local economy and local government.

6. Know the system of local government.

7. Highlight the meaning, effectiveness and foundations of the organization of special economic zones.

8. Identify goals and objectives regional policy.

9. To study the organization of regulation of regional development.

10. Know the regional development of large cities and urban agglomerations.

Plan:

1. Formation and methods of implementation of state policy in the field of regional development.

2. Organizational structure and the activities of state bodies to ensure the economic and social development of regions, socially backward areas, depressed small and medium-sized cities.

3. Determining the need and role of developing the concept of state programs for regional development.

4. Fundamentals of combining national and regional interests in optimizing the distribution of productive forces.

5. Local economy and local self-government.

6. The system of local government.

7. The meaning, effectiveness and foundations of the organization of special economic zones.

8. Goals and objectives of regional policy.

9. Organization of regulation of regional development.

10. Regional development of large cities and urban agglomerations.

Test questions:

1. Name the formation and methods of implementation of the state policy in the field of regional development.

2. List the organizational structure and activities of state bodies to ensure the economic and social development of regions, socially backward areas, depressed small and medium-sized cities.

3. What is the definition of the need and the role of developing the concept of state programs for regional development.

4. Name the basics of combining national and regional interests in optimizing the distribution of productive forces.

5. What is the expression of the local economy and local self-government.

6. What is the system of local government.

7. What is the meaning, efficiency and foundations of the organization of special economic zones.

8. List the goals and objectives of the regional policy.

9. Name the organization of regulation of regional development.

10. What is expressed in the regional development of large cities and urban agglomerations.

Literature: A: 8, 9, 10, 21

L: 1, 23, 30, 33, 37

Topic 14: Regulation of foreign economic activity of the state.

Goals:

Plan:

Plans of practical (seminar) classes

Topic1: Theoretical aspect of state regulation

economy (GRE) and its object

Goals :

1. To study the objective necessity of state regulation of the economy and its essence.

2. To reveal the typology of socio-economic systems and the main models of management.

3. Reveal the role of the state in the formation and development of a market economy.

4. Highlight the main scientific directions on the economic role of the state.

5. To know the economic functions of the state and the peculiarities of its functioning in the conditions of the transit economy.

6. Be able to recognize the objects of state regulation and the subjects of state regulation, their socio-economic and economic interests.

Plan:

1. The objective necessity of state regulation of the economy and its essence.

2. Typology of socio-economic systems and basic business models.

3. The role of the state in the formation and development of a market economy.

4. Main scientific directions on the economic role of the state.

5. Economic functions of the state and the peculiarities of its functioning in the conditions of the transit economy.

6. Objects of state regulation.

7. Subjects of state regulation, their socio-economic and economic interests.

Test questions:

1. What is the objective need for state regulation of the economy and its essence?

2. Name the typology of socio-economic systems and the main business models.

3. What is the role of the state in the formation and development of a market economy?

4. List the main scientific directions on the economic role of the state.

5. Name the economic functions of the state and the features of its functioning in a transit economy.

6. List the objects of state regulation.

7. List the subjects of state regulation, their socio-economic and economic interests.

Literature: A: 6, 7, 9

Topic 2: The concept of the GRE methodology and its main elements

Goals:

1. To study the scientific basis for the definition and dynamics of the GRE.

2. Know the objective need for continuous improvement of the SRE methodology and its legislative and organizational aspect.

3. Know the composition and priority of the GRE methods.

Plan:

1. Scientific basis for the definition and dynamics of the GRE.

2. Composition and priority of the methods of exploration. Their dependence on the object and targets of the GRE.

3. The objective need for continuous improvement of the methodology of the SRE and its legislative and organizational aspect.

Test questions:

1. What is the scientific basis for the definition and dynamism of the GRE?

2. What is the objective need for continuous improvement of the SRE methodology and its legislative and organizational aspect?

3. What legal support economic functions of the state.

4. List the composition and priority of the GRE methods.

5. Name the dependence of the GRE methods on the object and targets of the GRE.

Literature: O: 1, 4, 6

D: 4, 34, 46

Topic 3: Organizational bases of economic regulation and its foreign experience.

Goals:

4. Explore theoretical basis organizations GRE.

5. Expand the reasonable choice of the multiplier system.

6. Know the legal support of the economic functions of the state.

7. Know the organization and process of privatization of state property.

8. Be able to recognize the essence, common features, trends in the development of state entrepreneurship and its role in the reproduction of social capital.

9. Select non-state subjects of economic regulation: civil society institutions, professional associations and unions, associations.

Plan:

4. Theoretical foundations of the organization of the GRE.

5. The justified choice of the multiplier system is an important theoretical problem of the economic functions of the state.

6. Legal support of the economic functions of the state.

7. Organization and process of privatization of state property.

8. Essence, common features, trends in the development of state entrepreneurship.

9. Non-state subjects of economic regulation: civil society institutions, professional associations and unions, associations.

Test questions:

6. What are the theoretical foundations of the organization of the GRE?

7. What is the reasonable choice of the multiplier system?

8. What is the legal support of the economic functions of the state.

9. Name the organization and process of privatization of state property.

10. List the essence, common features, trends in the development of state entrepreneurship.

11. Name non-state subjects of economic regulation.

Literature: A: 1, 4, 6

Topic 4: general characteristics transition economy and its laws.

Goals:

1. Know the essence, main characteristics and role of the state in the transformational process of the transition economy.

2. To study the general economic and macroeconomic trends of the transition period and the choice of their vector.

3. Select the system of models of the transitional economy.

4. Identify the basics of using the appropriate model.

5. Be able to recognize the conditions created by the state for the existence and functioning of the market.

6. Study the structure of the market.

7. Expand the role of the state in the formation market structures and methods of regulating the transitional period.

8. Highlight foreign experience in regulating the transitional period.

9. Know the radical liberal concept of reforming the economy of Kazakhstan.

10. Study the concept of active government regulation.

Plan:

1. Transition economy: essence, main characteristics and role of the state in the transformation process.

2. General economic and macroeconomic trends of the transition period and the choice of their vector.

3. System of models of transitional economy.

4. Basics of using the appropriate model.

5. Conditions created by the state for the existence and functioning of the market.

6. Market structure.

7. The role of the state in the formation of market structures and methods of regulation of the transition period.

8. Foreign experience in the regulation of the transitional period.

9. Radical-liberal concept of reforming the economy of Kazakhstan.

10. The concept of active state regulation.

Test questions:

1. Name the essence, main characteristics and role of the state in the transformational process of the transition economy.

2. List the general economic and macroeconomic trends of the transition period and the choice of their vector.

3. What does the system of transition economy models consist of?

4. State the basics of using the relevant model.

5. List the conditions created by the state for the existence and functioning of the market.

6. What is the structure of the market?

7. How is the role of the state expressed in the formation of market structures and methods of regulation of the transitional period?

8. Name the foreign experience of regulating the transitional period.

9. What is the basis of the radical liberal concept of reforming the economy of Kazakhstan?

10. What constitutes the concept of active state regulation.

Literature: A: 22, 31, 34, 36

Topic 5: Economic growth: main factors and government measures to ensure it.

Goals:

1. Study the basics and factors of formation economic policy state and its social orientation.

2. Be able to recognize social production: indicators, growth rates and structure.

3. Be able to recognize economic growth: factors, indicators and methods for measuring them.

4. Identify the main directions of state activity to ensure economic growth.

5. Select the main indicators and a system of incentives for efficiency using production factors.

6. Substantiate the need for a structural policy of the state.

7. Know the concept of economic structure.

Plan:

1. Fundamentals and factors of formation of the economic policy of the state and its social orientation.

2. Social production: indicators, growth rates and structure.

3. Economic growth: factors, indicators and methods of their measurement.

4. The main directions of state activity to ensure economic growth.

5. Key indicators and a system of incentives for efficiency using factors of production.

6. Necessity and rationale for the structural policy of the state.

7. The concept of economic structure.

Test questions:

1. Name the bases and factors of formation of the economic policy of the state and its social orientation.

2. List indicators, growth rates and structure social production.

3. Name the factors, indicators and methods for measuring economic growth.

4. What are the main directions of government activities to ensure economic growth.

5. Name the main indicators and the incentive system for efficiency using production factors.

6. What is the need and rationale for the structural policy of the state?

7. Define pon

Topic 1. Theoretical aspect of state regulation of the economy and its object

1. 
   The objective necessity of state regulation of the economy and its essence.
2. 
   The role of the state in the formation and development of a market economy.
3. 
   Objects and subjects of the SRE
4. 
   

1. Objective necessity of GRE and its essence.

The modern economy is a synthesis of the market mechanism and elements of state regulation.

The forms of activity and the volume of state activity in the economic sphere change with the development of society, in particular with the complication of economic ties. AT economic concepts a great place has always been given to the study of the economic role of the state, its functions in the economy.

^ State regulation in the market economy - purposeful influence of the state on the micro- and macroeconomic processes of economic development in order to maintain its stability or change in the direction necessary for society. In the system of measures of state regulation, there are various aspects - practical and scientific. Practical experience is a set of specific measures for the implementation of state regulation. Theoretical aspect - a systematic scientific study of motives, actions, measures aimed at shaping the most effective development national economy. Scientific approaches include the development of models and forecasts. An important task of the scientific aspect is the formation of economic thinking.

The market mechanism in itself in its “pure form” does not make it possible to timely identify the advantages of countries in the competitive struggle, quickly concentrate resources for the priority development of relevant industries, and accelerate the restructuring of industry. This is a function of state regulation of the economy. One of the main functions of state regulation is the activation, intensification, primarily of investment, innovation and entrepreneurial activity, while ensuring the stability of the national currency. This is achieved by measures of financial, monetary and credit policy.

The function of state regulation is the impact of the state on the distribution of income in society. As you know, the market recognizes only one criterion for the distribution of income - the result of participation in competition in the market of goods and services, capital and labor. Therefore, it is considered fair as high income those who excel in the competition, and low those who failed. It took some time for the society to realize and recognize that the distribution of income, fair from the point of view of the market, is unfair in the general human sense. Measures of social protection of the population are also required.
^ 2. The role of the state in the formation and development of a market economy.

State- institution of political power. First time term status introduced N. Machiavelli to designate the state as an institution of political power. Such an institution was a natural result of the social division of labor, the emergence of private property and classes.

One of the main features of the formation state organization was the separation from society of a special layer of people who perform managerial functions and are endowed with special powers of authority.

From the middle of the 17th century to the middle of the 19th century, the role of the state was limited to the performance of functions, the creation of the necessary legal framework for the relationship of economic entities. The state had to ensure that no one and nothing violated the established order of things.

FROM late XIX century, there was a need for strong state intervention in the economic process. This was due to the fact that production has reached unprecedented proportions. We are talking about increasing the concentration and centralization of production, the complication of economic ties and the aggravation social problems. The state begins to actively intervene in the regulation of the economy, it becomes institute of macroeconomic regulation.

The gradual expansion of the economic functions of the state since the end of the XIX century. goes through three stages. Start first stage associated with the First World War. It lasted until the Great Depression of 1929–1933. Third stage begins after the Second World War and lasts until the mid-1950s. Unlike the previous stage, this stage is characterized by the fact that the countercyclical policy is supplemented by a system of measures to stimulate economic growth. This stage prepared the necessary material ground for the next stage, which was called the "golden age of capitalism."

State policy in the mid-50s - mid-70s of the twentieth century. based on the following assumptions:

1. The economy must be mixed, and not just private capitalist. The need for state intervention in the economy is due to the so-called market flaws, i.e. the availability of public goods and natural monopolies, external influences and incompleteness of information (incompleteness of markets).

2. A coordinated macroeconomic policy is needed due to the fact that the market itself is not capable of leading to stable macroeconomic results.

3. The market itself cannot lead to an even distribution of income. Therefore, the state, on the one hand, must regulate the distribution of income, and on the other hand, protect those who have lost their sources of income.

Based on the goals, state regulation performs important functions in a market economy. A market economy based on private property cannot function without the necessary legal framework. Therefore, the most important function of the state is to create a legal basis for the functioning and development of the economic system. This is implemented through the legislation on property, taxes, entrepreneurship, foreign economic activity, antimonopoly laws, etc.

1. 
   ^ Objects and subjects of state regulation of the economy.

Objects of state regulation of the economy- industry sectors, regions, situations, as well as phenomena of the socio-economic life of the country where problems have arisen or may arise that cannot be resolved automatically or resolved in the distant future, when their solution is necessary as soon as possible.

The main objects of state regulation:

Conditions for the accumulation of capital;

Payment balance;

conditions of competition;

Training and retraining of personnel;

Environment;

Foreign economic relations.

According to the level of tasks to be solved, the following objects of state influence can be distinguished:

• 
  General business processes - business cycle, monetary circulation, employment, investment, R&D, prices;
• 
  Large sectors of the economy - sectoral, branch, regional structure of the economy, agriculture, financial sphere, infrastructure;
• 
  Industries and corporations;
• 
  Comprehensive development of the country's regions.

The main subject of state influence is the growth of national wealth and national property. The essence of regulatory measures in relation to the subject is to stimulate demand for goods and services, investment and employment during a crisis and depression.

^ The subjects of state regulation of the economy are carriers, spokesmen and executors of economic interests.

carriers economic interests are hired workers and owners of enterprises, farmers and landowners, small and large entrepreneurs, managers and shareholders, civil servants, etc. Each of these groups has its own interests, due to their socio-economic status, as well as belonging to a particular region, type of activity. Spokesmen for economic interests are associations of business circles, trade unions, political parties, etc., which implement their own concepts of socio-economic policy and have and have an impact on government bodies.

Performers economic interests - bodies of three branches of government (legislative, executive, judicial), built on a hierarchical principle, as well as National Bank.

Feedback between state regulation of the economy and the bearers of economic interests is quite rigid.

First, the success of state regulation of the economy is manifested in growth rates, improvement in the structure of the economy, growth in employment, a healthy balance of payments, a decrease in inflation, and an increase in living standards.

Secondly, the success of state regulation of the economy is reflected in indicators that are not always amenable to precise quantitative measurement: in the level of social tension (strikes, demonstrations), assessments of state regulation of the economy by the media, the state of the environment, the quality of life in cities.

Thirdly, the bearers of economic interests directly and through their associations support or do not support the government. The loss of confidence of voters and associations of economic interests in the ruling party or parties is the main feedback line between the state economic policy and the bearers of economic interests.

1. 
   ^ Main tasks and structure of the GRE.

Based on the essence, the goals of state regulation are determined. economic science considers at the global level the main, supreme goal of regulation and applied goals. In any country, the highest goal should be to achieve the maximum welfare of the whole society. But its implementation is possible through the achievement of applied goals, which include:

The economic growth;

Full employment;

Stability of the price level and stability of the national currency;

External economic balance.

In the system of economic goals, ensuring economic growth is considered the leading specific task. Its solution is associated with the absolute and relative increase in GNP.

Another important goal is associated with ensuring economic growth - meeting the requirements full time. The stability of the price level and the national currency is a condition for the stability of the economy. The achievement of the three targets listed means achievement within the framework of national economy relative macroeconomic equilibrium and creates more favorable conditions for achieving external economic balance.

^ The general goal of the GRE is the economic and social stability of strengthening the existing system at home and abroad and adapting it to changing conditions. Achievement of the general goal is possible in 2 ways:

1. 
   construction of target polygons;
2. 
   building a target tree.

Economic goals can be: economic growth and economic development; full and effective employment; achievement orientation economic efficiency; fair distribution of income and others.

The significance and sequence of setting goals in a particular country is determined by a variety of internal and external circumstances.

Defining the goals of state regulation in a specific time period, the state is faced with the problem of conflicting goals. That's why the hardest question state regulation are the search for an optimally harmonious system of goals.

Topic 2. The concept of the methodology of the GRE and its main elements.
1. Reproductive circulation and the relationship of economic elements.

3. Basic mechanisms and methods of EGR.

4. Methodology of the SSE and its improvement.

1. Reproductive circulation and the relationship of economic variables.

It is possible to systematize indicators of social reproduction on the basis of the scheme of circulation of resources and products. In the structure of the reproduction process, when reflected on the supply side, the following blocks can be distinguished macroeconomic indicators:

• 
  Production resources;
• 
  manufacturing product;
• 
  distributed product;
• 
  Indicators of the dynamics of production resources.

Production resources include: factors of production and scientific and technical potential (it is often perceived as ""human capital"").

The indicators of the results of production activities are the gross domestic product, aggregate supply, value added, net national product.

Product distribution indicators are intermediate consumption, private consumer spending, government consumption, investment, net exports.

Indicators characterizing the relationship of economic variables are potential GDP, labor productivity, accelerator, multiplier and the balance of the national economy.

In the structure of the reproduction process, when reflected on the demand side, the following blocks of macroeconomic indicators can be distinguished:

• 
  The process of formation of the value of GDP (factorial income);
• 
  The process of formation of the value of GDP in the areas of end use.

Factor income is cash and in-kind income from the use of factors of production. Factor income includes: personal income, national income, depreciation, wages, savings.

The indicators of GDP distribution are: propensity to save, propensity to import, propensity to consume, propensity to invest, price indices.
2. Concepts and principles of the GRE, their dynamism

From the point of view of the conceptual foundations underlying the system of state regulation measures, there are 2 main models:

1) classic model;

2) neoclassical model.

The classical model is based on the theory of A. Smith and D. Ricardo. This model assumes minimal state intervention in the regulation of market processes.

The neoclassical model includes 2 main concepts:

1. 
   Keynesian
2. 
   monetarist.

The neoclassical model provides for an increase in the role of the state in regulating economic processes. In Keynesianism - the regulation of the reproductive process through demand, in monetarism - through supply.

Another model of state regulation arose after the teachings of Marx - the active role of the state in all economic and political processes through the planning system.

1. 
   Means, forms and methods of GRE. Composition and priority of GRE methods.

Means of state regulation of the economy.

All funds are divided into: administrative and economic.

Administrative means are not associated with the creation of additional material incentives or the risk of financial damage, they are based on the strength of state power.

Economic means are divided into means of monetary policy and fiscal policy.
Forms and methods of state regulation of the economy.

For each country, the set of tools and the degree of state intervention are not universal. There are specifics, differences, the use of certain tools only in a given country or group of countries.

The state performs its functions by applying various methods of influence. Methods are classified according to various criteria.

There are methods of direct and indirect influence. ^ Direct impact methods They force the subjects of the economy to make decisions based not on an independent economic choice, but on the instructions of the state. As an example, we can name the amount of taxes, the amount of depreciation deductions, budget procedures for public investment. Direct methods often have high efficiency due to the rapid achievement of economic results. But they also have disadvantages. They affect not only those market agents who are directly targeted by government measures, but also the subjects associated with them by market relations. In other words, direct methods violate the natural development of market processes.

^ Methods of indirect influence create only the preconditions for the subjects of economic relations to prefer options that correspond to the goals of economic policy when making an independent choice. Such methods include, for example, programming, providing the market sector with economic information. The disadvantage of indirect methods is a certain time lag that occurs between the moments of taking measures by the state, the reaction of the economy to them and real changes in economic results.

The methods of state regulation are also classified according to the organizational-institutional criterion. Here a distinction is made between administrative and economic methods. Administrative Methods are subdivided into methods of prohibition, permission, coercion and are based on regulatory actions related to the provision of legal infrastructure. The purpose of the measures being taken is to create certain “rules of the game” in a market economy. Administrative methods prescribe a strictly controlled line of behavior of economic agents.

^ Economic Methods do not limit the freedom of choice, sometimes expand it. An additional stimulus appears, to which the subject can either react or not pay the slightest attention, in any case, reserving the right to freely make a market decision. A change, for example, by the state in the interest rate on its debt obligations adds one more option to the number of available options for the profitable placement of savings - the purchase or sale of government securities.

^ Direct administrative methods can be represented as follows:

• 
  adoption of legislative and regulatory documents, regulations;
• 
  management of state property, including:

- management of public sector enterprises;

State treasury;

Public investment;

State loans;

Subsidies;

• 
  licensing and quotas;
• 
  application of sanctions;
• 
  environmental protection;

Direct economic methods- this is:

• 
  formation and use of the budget;
• 
  formation of tax policy;
• 
  formation of depreciation policy;
• 
  determination of the bank reserve norm;

Indirect economic methods can be represented as:

• 
  target programming;
• 
  establishment of a minimum wages;
• 
  regulation of prices for certain types of goods and services;
• 
  antimonopoly policy, protection of competition.
• 
  state economic forecasting;
• 
  indicative planning;
• 
  regulation of the tax system;
• 
  monetary instruments;
• 
  currency leverage;
• 
  social politics;
• 
  foreign economic forms of influence.

A special place among the funds state economy plays accelerated depreciation of fixed capital and the circulation and sale of hidden reserves associated with them.

The essence of such regulation is to change the rate and procedure for depreciation, when the state determines a part net profit, which can be exempted from taxes by being included in the cost of production, and then listed in sinking fund cash financing new capital investments.

By using accelerated depreciation business cycle, employment and R&D can be regulated.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Hosted at http://www.allbest.ru/

Karaganda Economic University of Kazpotrebsoyuz

Department of Economic Theory and International Economics

TRAINING AND METODOLOGY COMPLEX

for distance learning

"state regulation of the economy"

Karaganda-2007

Compiled by: Abdrakhmanova A.S., Candidate of Economics, Lecturer at the Department of Economic Theory and International Economics

State regulation of the economy. Training and metodology complex. - Karaganda, 2007. - 191 p.

The course on state regulation of the economy develops a methodological approach for students to study the problems that underlie the system of measures of state economic policy. The purpose of the course is to form and develop ideas about the role of the state in market conditions, the ability to analyze economic processes and phenomena and make decisions in terms of satisfaction public needs and respect for the national interest.

The proposed textbook is intended for the distance learning system, contains materials on strictly programmatic issues of the discipline "State regulation of the economy". Recommended for publication by the Scientific and Methodological Council of the University

© Karaganda Economic University of Kazpotrebsoyuz, 2007

FOREWORD

EXPLANATORY NOTE

Topic 1. The concept, tasks and necessity of state regulation of the economy (GRE).

1.3 Subjects and objects of the EGR

1.5 Main scientific directions on the role and necessity of state regulation of the economy

Questions for self-examination.

Topic 2. Methodology of the SRE and its main elements.

2.1 Methodological foundations GRE

2.2 Methods of direct and indirect state regulation of economic processes

2.3 Organizational-institutional methods

2.4 Statistical methods

2.5 Special methods and economics

Questions for self-examination.

Topic 3. Organizational foundations of state regulation of the economy and its foreign experience.

3.1 Government sector as a system of economic relations. Privatization in the SRE system

3.2 Effectiveness of state property management in Kazakhstan

3.3 Features of government regulation in developed countries market economy

3.4 The impact of globalization on state regulation of the development of national economies

Questions for self-examination.

Test questions for self-control of knowledge

Topic 4. The role of the state in a transitional economy.

4.1 The economic system and its main elements

4.2 Problems of transformation of the command-administrative economic system into a market one

4.3 State regulation of the transitional economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan

4.4 Stages of reforming the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Questions for self-examination.

Test questions for self-control of knowledge

Topic 5. Economic growth: main factors and government measures to ensure it

5.1 The concept and factors of economic growth

5.2 Economic policies that drive economic growth

5.3. State regulation of economic growth

Questions for self-examination.

Test questions for self-control of knowledge

Topic 6. Socio-economic forecasting and planning as the initial stage of the state's activity in regulating the economy.

6.1 Forecasting the socio-economic dynamics of the national economy

6.2 Planning for the socio-economic development of the national economy

Questions for self-examination.

Test questions for self-control of knowledge

7.1 Scientific and technological progress as the most important economic resource

7.2 Features of state support for scientific and technical progress in countries with developed market economies

7.3 Significance of the accelerated depreciation of fixed capital as an instrument of the EGR

7.4 Industrial and innovative development strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2003-2015

Questions for self-examination

Test questions for self-control of knowledge

Topic 8. State regulation of employment and social protection of the population.

8.1 Methods of state regulation of employment and labor market

8.3 Main directions social policy states

8.4 Features of state regulation of the social sphere

Questions for self-examination.

Test questions for self-control of knowledge

Topic 9. Formation and mechanisms for the implementation of the investment policy of the state.

9.1 Essence of investments and investment policy

9.2 Features of the formation of a favorable investment environment

9.3. Investment policy Republic of Kazakhstan

Questions for self-examination.

Test questions for self-control of knowledge

Topic 10. State regulation of the agrarian sector.

10.1 The essence of rational nature management and the need for its state regulation

10.2. Features of the agrarian policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan: directions, mechanisms, methods

10.3 State policy to support agricultural producers

Questions for self-examination.

Test questions for self-control of knowledge

Topic 11. Financial and budgetary methods of economic regulation.

11.1 Nature and structure of the state budget

11.2 Public debt management strategy0

11.4 Fiscal policy of the state.

Questions for self-examination.

Test questions for self-control of knowledge

Topic 12. The main mechanisms for the implementation of the state's monetary policy.

12.1 Nature, objectives and instruments of monetary policy

12.2 Main areas of the National Bank's activity in regulating the monetary policy

Questions for self-examination.

Test questions for self-control of knowledge

Topic 13. State regulation of socio-economic development of the regions of Kazakhstan.

13.1 Issues regional economy Republic of Kazakhstan

13.2 Socio-economic characteristics and features of state regulation of the regions of Kazakhstan: Eastern Kazakhstan; Northeast Kazakhstan; Northern Kazakhstan; Central Kazakhstan; Southeast Kazakhstan; South Kazakhstan; Northwestern Kazakhstan; Southwestern Kazakhstan.

Questions for self-examination

Test questions for self-control of knowledge

Topic 14. Industrial development and industrial policy.

14.1 The role of industry in the national economy and the need for an effective industrial policy

14.2. Essence types and principles of industrial policy formation

14.3 General and selective economic measures to support the industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Questions for self-examination.

Test questions for self-control of knowledge

Topic 15. State regulation of foreign economic activity.

15.1 Government regulation foreign trade, capital migration and the monetary and financial sphere

15.2.Payment balance and basics of currency regulation

15.3 Monetary policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan

15.4 Formation and development of foreign economic relations of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Questions for self-examination.

Test questions for self-control of knowledge

EXAM QUESTIONS

MAIN LITERATURE

ADDITIONAL LITERATURE

FOREWORD

DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Kazakh Economic University named after Turar Ryskulov and the Kazakh National University named after Al-Farabi of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan

APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated ""

INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

4. This model curriculum has been developed in accordance with State standard Republic of Kazakhstan “Higher professional education. Basic Provisions "State Educational Standards of the Republic of Kazakhstan 3.001-2000 and the State General Educational Standards of Education in the specialties 070940 - "Management of the Organization (by Industry)" of the State Educational Standards of the Republic of Kazakhstan 3.07. 254-2001 dated May 29, 2001 No. 400, 091440- "Anti-crisis management" of the State Educational Standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan 3.07.257 - 2001 dated May 29, 2001 No. 400 and in the areas of training 520830 - "Economics" GOSO RK 3.08.178-2001 dated May 29, 2001. No. 400.520530-“Commerce” of the State SORK3.08.062-2001 dated May 29, 2001 No. 400, 522230 - "Management" GOSO RK 3.08.178-2001 dated May 29, 2001 No. 400, 522330 - "Statistics" GOSO RK 3.08.058-2001 dated May 29, 2001 No. 400, 540430 - “State and local government” State SORK 3.08.061-2001 dated May 29, 2001 No. 400,541530 - “ Information Systems(by industries and areas of application) GOSO RK 3.07.072-2001 dated May 29, 2001. No. 400

5. The program is recommended for publication by the Educational and Methodological Association for economic specialties universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan under the Kazakh economic university name. T. Ryskulova. Meeting of the Council of the Educational and Methodological Association for Economic Specialties of the Universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan

This model program cannot be replicated and distributed without the permission of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

The subject "State regulation of the economy" is one of the fundamental basic disciplines in the preparation of specialists in economic areas. This subject creates the basis for understanding the mechanisms of regulation by the state of the economic behavior of households, firms, government bodies in the conditions of market relations, their economic relations.

The subject of this scientific discipline is the study of aspects of state regulation of the economy, its goals, means, methods, directions and prospects.

Objectives of teaching discipline

The purpose of teaching the discipline is to provide students with knowledge in the field of state regulation of the economy in the conditions of market relations.

teaching academic discipline"State regulation of the economy" also sets itself such an important goal as the analysis of all the most important areas of activity in the conditions of the national economy.

The tasks of teaching discipline

- mastering the main categories and concepts of state regulation of the economy;

- study of the evolution of theories of state regulation of the economy;

- formation of ideas about the methods of state regulation of the economy;

- mastering the skills of public administration and conducting applied economic research in the material sphere;

- formation of an idea about the needs and interests of the main social classes of society, the role of each class in the development of the national economy, taking into account the social consequences of economic development and methods for their regulation.

List of previous disciplines; economic theory, history of economic doctrines, economic and mathematical methods, general theory of statistics, computer science, microeconomics.

List of related disciplines; macroeconomics, economic policy, analysis and project management, management, marketing, taxes and taxation and disciplines of specialization.

Theoretical aspect of the GRE and its object

The objective necessity of the GRE and its essence. Typology of socio-economic systems and basic business models. The area of ​​market relations and its limits. The role of the state in the formation and development of a market economy. The main scientific directions on the economic role of the state: neoclassical current, Keynesianism, monetarism, institutionalism, etc. Economic functions of the state and features of its functioning in a transit economy.

The reproduction process and the cyclical nature of the economy, its main objective and subjective causes. Activities of the state to overcome the crisis in the economy and social sphere.

Institutionalism and its founders. Complex institutional structures and their relationship with the efficiency of production and circulation of goods and services. The essence of transaction costs and the role of the state in their minimization. The dependence of these costs on the choice of the composition of institutions and the clarification of property rights.

Objects of state regulation: macrosphere, production, infrastructure, social spheres of the economy and its regional components. Flows of resources, goods, money and the role of the state in ensuring the well-being of firms, peasants and households.

GRE subjects and their socio-economic and economic-financial interests. The direction of these interests in a single channel as an important task of the state.

The main objectives of the study and the structure of the course GRE.

The concept of the GRE methodology and its main elements

Reproductive circulation and the relationship of economic variables. Dynamics of resources and conceptual foundations economic growth. Aggregate demand and aggregate supply, their relationship. Substantiation of the concept and principles of the GRE, their dynamism.

Basic mechanisms and methods of GRE. Macroeconomic, institutional, informational, resource and other methods.

Methodology of the SRE and the need for its continuous improvement. The composition and priority of the methods of the geological survey, depending on its object and targets.

Organizational bases of economic regulation and its foreign experience.

Theoretical foundations of the organization of the GRE. The justified choice of the system of multipliers is an important theoretical problem of the organization of the GRE.

Legal support of economic functions of the state. The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan as the basis for the organization of the SRE.

The system of republican bodies of representative, legislative and executive power. Organizational structure of the economic management bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The main functional responsibilities of the central authorities of the national economy. regional governments and their regulatory role in economic and social development.

Organization and process of privatization of state property. Forms of ownership and entrepreneurship. Types and spheres of business. Forms of business organization. State program and organizational and legal support for entrepreneurship and small business.

Essence, common features, trends in the development of state entrepreneurship and its role in the reproduction of social capital. Organizational and ethical aspect of relations between business entities.

Non-state subjects of economic regulation: civil society institutions, professional associations and unions, associations, etc.

Features of the implementation of state regulation in countries with developed market economies. The development of market relations in the economy and its state regulation in countries of Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia. The practice of general economic and strategic planning in foreign countries and its role in the development of market relations in the CIS countries. Experience in the use of financial and budgetary mechanisms for regulating the economy in foreign countries and the feasibility of its application in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The problem of expediency and possibilities of using foreign experience of the GRE in the conditions of Kazakhstan. Objective foundations for Kazakhstan's choice of its evolutionary path of transition to developed market relations.

General characteristics of the transitional economy and its patterns.

Transition economy: essence, main characteristics and role of the state in the transformation process.

General economic and macroeconomic trends of the transition period and the choice of their vector.

The system of transition economy models: “market socialism”, “velvet revolution”, “social market economy”, “shock therapy”, etc. Basics of using the appropriate model.

The dialectic of the relationship between commodity-money relations and regularity. Commodity production and ensuring social justice.

The conditions created by the state for the existence and functioning of the market. Market structure. Market of capitals and scientific and technical developments. Stocks and bods market. Labor market.

The role of the state in the formation of market structures and methods of regulating their development.

Economic growth: main factors and government measures to ensure it.

Bases and factors of formation of economic policy of the state and its social orientation. Social production: indicators, growth rates and structure. Necessity and justification of the structural policy of the state. Development principles production programs. Macroeconomic stability and government measures to achieve it. The system of macroeconomic indicators and their relationship.

Economic growth: factors, indicators and methods of their measurement. The main directions of state activity to ensure economic growth. Comparison of models of economic growth. Flows and stocks.

Key indicators and incentive system for the efficiency of production factors. macroeconomic approach to measuring the level of capital and capital productivity and labor productivity. Features of the formation of the industrial and agrarian policy of the state. Organizational and methodological aspects of determining priority development sectors.

The problem of rational distribution of productive forces and consideration of national interests in its solution. Methodology for calculating production efficiency indicators. National accounts: a set of balance calculations in international practice. Intersectoral balance. SNA as a tool for integrating the national accounting system. Economic content of indicators of the SNA input-output balance.

Socio-economic forecasting and planning as the initial stage of the state's activity in regulating the economy.

Scientific and methodological foundations of economic forecasting. Essence, principles and methods of forecasting. Fundamentals of the theory and organization of the development of a comprehensive national economic forecast. Types of forecasts by levels of aggregation, by functional blocks and terms of development. Average indicators of dynamics, their calculation and use in statistics. basic methods for the analysis of time series, methods comparative analysis, methods for identifying development trends, extrapolation methods. Application of extrapolation methods in forecasting indicators of a market economy.

State national programs as the basis for the implementation of the state strategy in priority areas of economic development and as an integral part of national economic plans. development and approval of these programs.

Essence, scientific foundations and characteristic features of strategic and indicative planning of industries and regions. Business planning. The procedure and methodology for drawing up a business plan.

The concept of strategic planning methodology. Strategic and indicative planning for the development of industries in the industrial, infrastructural, social sectors of the economy and its main methods.

Directions of scientific and technological progress and the role of the state in its acceleration.

Increasing the scientific and technical potential of society as an important task of economic management. Fundamentals of the formation of scientific, technical and innovation policy of the state. Socio-economic aspect of scientific and technical progress and its main directions.

The system of state measures to accelerate and improve the efficiency of scientific and technological progress. Administrative-legal and economic mechanisms influence of the state on NTP. Conditions and sources of direct financing of research, design and survey and development work. The importance of tax and credit regulation NTP.

The choice of the vector and incentive system for the acceleration of scientific and technical progress in the future. Organizational and methodological aspect of forecasting scientific and technical progress and its program-targeted planning.

Innovation process and innovation structure. Venture business.

Industrial and innovative strategy of the state for 2003-2015. The system of measures for the implementation of the industrial-innovative strategy of the state. The value of the mechanism of accelerated depreciation of fixed capital.

State regulation of regional employment and social protection of the population.

Demographic situation and labor potential of society. Gender and age and intellectual mobility of labor resources. The system of state measures to ensure employment of the able-bodied population.

Forms and main causes of unemployment and the role of the state in its reduction. The process of formation of the labor market and the state approach to its development. Mechanisms of state influence on the ratios in the growth rates of labor productivity and wages. Okun's law and the Philips curve. Inflation, unemployment, wages and the problem of rational use of labor resources.

Organizational-legal bases and methods of implementing the national policy of ensuring social protection of various segments of the population. Living wage and the issue of poverty alleviation. Equity in the distribution of income. Principles and methods of state regulation of the standard of living of the population. Employment rate and unemployment rate calculations according to the SNA methodology.

The economic role of social infrastructure and the development of market relations in its sectors. The relationship of these industries with the level of the human development index. Index method for analyzing the dynamics of the average level of social phenomena. Cost of living indexes. Indexes of international comparisons.

The economic role of social infrastructure and the development of market relations in its sectors. The relationship of these industries with the level of the human development index.

State regulation of social infrastructure development and its mechanisms. The main indicators of the development of health care, education, culture and the methodology for their justification.

Formation and mechanisms for the implementation of the investment policy of the state.

Investment and investment concept. The most important principles of investment activity of the state. The dynamism of the investment policy of the state and the basis for its formation.

Sources and the problem of rational use of investment resources. The choice of the optimal ratio between foreign investment and domestic investment. A mechanism for balancing the demand for investment and their supply.

The role of increasing the investment activity of economic entities and its mechanisms. Evaluation of investment projects and development of long-term programs for the investment activities of the state. State approach to the definition of priority areas and areas of investment. Accounting for the interests of a balanced development of the production sector and industries of the production infrastructure. The problem of the investment attractiveness of the state: socio-political stability, the effectiveness of legislative acts, the inviolability of the course towards deepening economic reforms, the timeliness of the implementation of interstate obligations on economic relations and etc.

Problems of correlation of investment resources and securities. Stocks and bods market. Types of operations with securities. financial investments and the role of the state in their rational use.

Financial, budgetary and monetary levers for the effective use of the investment potential of the state. The main quantitative and qualitative indicators of investment - building complex and methodology for their justification. Technological and reproductive structure capital investments and indicators of their effectiveness.

The system of state measures for the efficient use of land resources.

Land - as the main means of production in the agricultural sector of the economy. The problem of efficient use of agricultural land and its connection with the organizational and technological foundations of production. Diversity of the agricultural sector and the role of the state in ensuring the rational use of land, material, technical and intellectual potential of the village.

Peculiarities of agriculture and scientific substantiation of the priority development of its branches. Mechanisms of state support for the agricultural sector and regulation of its development in the future. The role of the state in strengthening economic and economic ties between the sectors of the agro-industrial complex and directing their interests into a single channel. Agro-industrial integration as a factor in increasing production efficiency. The main factors influencing the efficiency of the functioning of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex. The role of the state in the implementation of the cluster system of production organization.

The area of ​​state interests in increasing the economic and environmental efficiency of land use and in the scientific and technical support for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. Methods of influence of state bodies on the determination of the planned volume of agricultural production. Issues of effective implementation of agricultural sector products and mechanisms for its stimulation by the state.

Financial and budgetary methods of economic regulation.

Modern financial and budgetary system of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its socio-economic role. Composition and priority of financial mechanisms for regulating the economy. Justification of the need to strengthen the fiscal policy of the state and the main methods of its implementation.

The system of the state budget and the problem of improving interbudgetary relations. Sources and methods of financing the budget deficit. Internal and external public debt and measures for its repayment. Extra-budgetary funds and mechanisms of state influence on the process of their rational use. Planning of public expenditures and their optimization.

State organization of tax collection and measures to increase tax revenues to the budget. General characteristics of taxes paid by the enterprise. Taxation mechanisms and their use by the state in order to stimulate the growth of production and paid services. Ensuring the legal framework for taxation.

The main mechanisms for the implementation of the monetary policy of the state

Goals, objectives and foundations for the formation of the state's monetary policy. The functioning of the monetary system of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the role of the National Bank in its improvement. Legislative and organizational bases for the regulation of money circulation and monetary relations.

Administrative and economic levers used by the state to ensure the rational use of credit resources and regulate the activities of second-tier banks. Business transaction lending, types of loans, insurance credit operations, a bank service for entrepreneurs. The main methods of implementing monetary policy, taking into account the interests of maintaining macroeconomic stability and balance.

The relationship of money circulation with pricing factors and trends in price formation. The main methods of state regulation of the pricing process, the establishment of fixed prices, tariffs, upper and lower limits of price fluctuations, price subsidies, changes in depreciation policy and tax rates, public procurement of goods and services, etc. Foreign experience in state price regulation and shortcomings of the market pricing mechanism.

State regulation of socio-economic development of the regions of Kazakhstan.

Unitarity state building RK and its administrative-territorial division. The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the socio-economic development of the regions.

Formation and methods of implementation of state policy in the field of regional development of regions, cities, districts. Organizational structure and activities of state bodies to ensure the economic and social development of regions, socially backward areas, depressed small and medium-sized cities.

Determining the need and role of developing a concept and state programs for regional development. Fundamentals of combining national and regional interests in optimizing the distribution of productive forces. Local economy and local self-government. Local government system.

The meaning, effectiveness and foundations of the organization of special economic zones.

Regulation of environmental and foreign economic activity of the state.

Socio-economic significance of environmental protection and rational use of natural resources. Economic regulation of rational use and protection of natural resources.

Methods for the development and implementation of environmental measures (programs) by the state. Strategy, ways of resource conservation and government measures to stimulate it.

The objective need to join efforts various countries to solve global environmental problems.

Essence and principles of development of foreign economic policy of the state in the conditions of deepening of the international division of labor and strengthening of world economic relations.

Formation of a strategy for the development of foreign economic relations and export programs. Dynamism of forms and methods of implementation of licensing and customs policy in the conditions of Kazakhstan.

Whole-of-government approach to building joint ventures. State regulation of the use of foreign investments. Balance of payments and fundamentals of currency regulation.

Objective foundations and principles for building foreign economic relations of Kazakhstan with the countries of near and far abroad. Formation and efficiency of foreign economic activity of the state in the conditions of joining international organizations and interaction with global and continental financial and credit organizations.

Annex A

List of seminar topics:

1. Concept, tasks and necessity of state regulation.

2. Theoretical aspects of state regulation of the economy.

3. Methodological foundations of the GRE

4. Main methods of GRE: features, advantages and disadvantages.

5. Public sector as a system of economic relations. Privatization in the SRE system.

6. Features of state regulation in the IRS.

7. State regulation of the transitional economy.

8. Stages of reforming the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

9.Views macroeconomic policy that drive economic growth.

10. State regulation of economic growth in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

11. Forecasting the socio-economic dynamics of the national economy.

12. Planning for the socio-economic development of the national economy.

13. Features of state support for scientific and technical progress in countries with developed market economies.

14. Industrial and innovative development strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2003-2015.

15. Methods of state regulation of employment and labor market.

16. State regulation of the system of social protection of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

17. Essence of investments and investment policy.

18. Investment policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

19. The essence of rational nature management and the need for its state regulation.

20. Features of the agrarian policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan: directions, mechanisms, methods.

21. Essence and structure of the state budget and features of its regulation.

22. Fiscal policy of the state. Classification of taxes.

23. The essence of monetary policy.

24. State regulation of the monetary system.

25. Problems of the regional economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

26. Socio-economic characteristics and features of state regulation of the regions of Kazakhstan: Eastern Kazakhstan; Northeast Kazakhstan; Northern Kazakhstan; Central Kazakhstan; Southeast Kazakhstan; South Kazakhstan; Northwestern Kazakhstan; Southwestern Kazakhstan.

27. Essence types and principles of industrial policy formation.

28. General and selective economic measures to support the industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

29. State regulation of foreign trade, capital migration and monetary and financial sphere.

30. Formation and development of foreign economic relations of Kazakhstan.

Annex B

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Constitutional Laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the President, the Parliament and the status of its deputies, the Government, the republican referendum, elections. Almaty, Zheti Zhar?y, 1999

3. Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 2, 1998 N 267-1 "On the fight against corruption" (as amended in accordance with the Laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 23, 1999 N 454-I; dated April 28, 2000 N 46- II).

5. Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On taxes and other obligatory payments to the budget" April 24, 1995, No. 2235.

6. Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On republican budget for 2001." Kazakhstanskaya Pravda 2000, December 26.

8. Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On the subsistence minimum"

9. Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Education": as of November 16, 2000 Almaty: Folio.

10. On healthcare in the Republic of Kazakhstan: main legislative acts. Official texts as of September 15, 2000 Almaty: Lawyer, 2000

11. On land: Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated January 24, 2001 No. 152. Almaty: Rarity, 2001 “/12. Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan on taxes and other obligatory payments to the budget. Almaty: DeLO, 2001

12. Constitutional law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on elections in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Almaty, Jet! jarsh, 1999

13. Decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On the procedure for determining poverty" No. 537 of April 8, 2000.

14. "Program to Combat Poverty and Unemployment for 2000-2002". Decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 833 dated 3.06.00.

16. The concept of regional policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

17. Nazarbayev N.A. Message of the President of the country to the people of Kazakhstan “Towards a free, efficient and safe society”, 2001

10.Elemesov R., Zhatkanbaev E. State and Market: Textbook. Almaty: Karzhy-Karazhat, 1997

TOPIC 1. concept, tasks and the need for state regulation of the economy

1.1 Market imperfections and the need for an EDT

State regulation of the economy in modern conditions is an integral part of the reproduction process. The specific directions, forms, scope of the GRE are determined by the nature and severity of economic and social problems in a particular country in a particular period. The objective possibility of the GRE appears in achieving a certain level of economic development, concentration of production and capital. The necessity that turns this possibility into reality lies in the growing problems and difficulties that the GRE is called upon to cope with.

The acuteness of economic, social, world economic, environmental problems, realized and interpreted by state and public actors, causes specific actions on the part of state bodies.

The need for GRE was not denied even by Adam Smith, the founder of the "invisible hand" theory. In particular, he wrote that the state has 3 very important duties: ensuring military security, administration of justice and the obligation to create and maintain certain public institutions, the creation and maintenance of which cannot be profitable individuals or small groups, because the profits from them can never recoup their costs. Here we are talking about the so-called public goods, which are beyond the reach of the market mechanism because they require too large investments. This is a kind of “collective commodity” that society cannot do without: national defense, basic science, space research, communications facilities, electricity, education, health care, especially preventive health care, monument protection and others.

Modern Western economists believe that purely public goods and services are not the only goods and services that private markets cannot adequately supply. Whenever they fail to provide some good or service, even if the cost is less than the price paid by individuals, we are dealing with a market imperfection, which we call an incomplete market. Markets are thought to be failing to insure depositors against loss of savings in bank failures, farm risk insurance generated by fluctuations in agricultural prices, flood insurance, fire insurance, and so on. Therefore, the insurance market is supplemented by state insurance.

The state supplements the market in other areas as well. For example, the sphere of urban reconstruction and renewal needs the coordination of the actions and efforts of many factories, landowners, merchants and other businessmen, and this coordinating function is assumed by the state. It forces the subjects of a market economy to produce something. what is needed in these cases.

There are quite a lot of such imperfections in the actions of the market. some call them market failures. Among them is the fact that the market provides little information about the activities of market entities, about the needs of society, consumer standards. Therefore, in a number of countries, laws are being passed that require lenders to fully inform borrowers, manufacturers to observe the appropriate quality of goods, food, medicines, etc. This information is inherently a public good that the market is not able to create.

There are a number of circumstances that accompany the functioning of the market itself and contribute to its self-destruction. This is the trend of monopolization in the economy and the cyclical nature of the development of the market economy itself. These tendencies lead the economy off the path of maximum efficiency and hinder social progress. Under these conditions, in order to ensure the development of competition as the most important mechanism regulating the activities of the market, it becomes vital that the state develops appropriate antimonopoly laws and creates certain “frameworks” for the activities of economic entities. To mitigate the consequences of cyclical development during periods of depression - unemployment, inflation, imbalance aggregate demand and proposals - only the state is able to implement the necessary economic measures to overcome the economic downturn and stabilize the economy. It is generally accepted that it is here that the power of the state, its ability to perform its regulatory functions, is most clearly defined.

There is also such an imperfection of the market as its inability to evenly and fairly distribute income. A market economy, left to itself, can be efficient, according to Pareto, and fair distribution from the point of view of market laws inevitably leads to significant income differentiation and social vulnerability of significant sections of society. This situation cannot suit the majority of the population, including the businessmen themselves, since it is fraught with serious social conflicts, tension in the relationship between employees and employers, reduction in aggregate demand, etc., which by no means contributes to efficiency at the micro level. Therefore, the most important duty of the state is the redistribution of income to support the poor and disadvantaged segments of the population, the elderly, the disabled, etc.

Among the problems that the market mechanism does not solve are the so-called external effects (externalities). The most famous of them are environmental pollution (air and water basins, land), wasteful attitude to non-reproducible natural resources. Only the state has the ability to respond to these negative externalities through appropriate instruments: fines, norms, prohibitions, prices, etc.

Thus, failure or "failures" of the market act as the main motive for the state's activities in the economic sphere.

AT economic literature a number of definitions of the concept of "GRE" are given. Thus, Kazakhstani economists N. Mamyrov and Zh. Ikhdanov give the following definition: “SSE is the main form of administrative-economic and organizational-legal intervention of the state in socio-economic processes in order to maintain their rational balance and macroeconomic stability.”

Russian economist Oreshin V.P. offers its definition: “The SER is a system of state measures of a legislative, executive and supervisory nature, carried out by competent state institutions and public organizations in order to stabilize the development of the economy and adapt the existing socio-economic system to changing conditions.

An analysis of these and other definitions shows that they contain a rational attempt to reflect in it the most essential characteristics of this process - its objects and subjects, goals and methods and instruments of regulation. However, the key word of these definitions "intervention" is perceived critically by many authors. The word "intervention" evokes the idea of ​​the intervention of one independent system (state) into another. A number of economists consider the state not an external environment, but an integral part of the modern economy.

Of course, in any definition of the essence of a concept, it is impossible to fully reflect all the diversity of its aspects, specific forms of implementation and functioning, but still in the very general view it should carry at least the most important features of this process: subjects, objects, targets and regulatory instruments.

Therefore, this complex and multifaceted process of state regulation of the economy can be defined as a system of state measures of direct and indirect influence by state administrative bodies on the behavior of economic entities and socio-economic entities in order to achieve a balanced and stable development of the economy and its adaptation to changing internal and external conditions.

1.2 Socio-economic goals of state regulation

The GRE involves the setting and achievement of certain goals. World history indicates that the development of society is the simultaneous solution of many different tasks. To cope with the whole complex of problems, it is necessary to recognize them and clearly structure them. At the global level, the main, highest goal of economic development should be identified. In any country, it should be reduced to achieving the maximum welfare of the whole society.

In addition to the main goal, there is a set of main goals of the modern social order - the free development of society and the legal order.

Ensuring freedom is interpreted very ambiguously. Much here depends on the interests of individual groups and strata of society. It is rather difficult to determine the objective content of this concept, since it is both philosophical, and social, and economic category. The dependence here is as follows: the higher the freedom of an individual is valued in society, the more significant economic freedom is perceived in the state. That is why the opinion arose that any state intervention in the development of a market economy (even in the form of assistance) is a restriction of economic freedom. The real degree of freedom in the economy is the result of political compromise, which is formed in each current period of time.

In Kazakhstan, the idea of ​​economic freedom is still different from that prevailing in countries with developed market economies. To some extent, this is connected with socio-political traditions, with the mentality of the population (social psychology). Kazakhstan has always been distinguished by a high degree of state centralization, and this orientation was repeatedly strengthened during the period of domination of the national economy.

The problem of ensuring the legal order, the legal validity of one or another economic solution also associated with different interests. Legal security is considered sufficient, as a rule, when economic policy contributes to the interest of this subject. In this regard, the regulatory strategy should be such that the measures taken, to the extent possible, correspond to the ideas of different social groups about the rule of law.

The practical achievement of the legal order is connected, first of all, with the existence of the right to property and its protection, and to conclude business contracts. Here it is appropriate to recall the words of A. Smith that trade and production activity can rarely flourish in a state where "there is not a certain degree of confidence in the legal security that the state must provide."

Having considered the main goals of state regulation, let us turn to the totality of practically oriented goals subordinated to them. In the economic literature, 4 applied goals are usually distinguished:

1. economic growth (its provision is associated with an increase in GNP)

2. full employment (achieving the maximum possible long-term stable use of the able-bodied population). It is generally accepted that the state of full employment is achieved already when the unemployment rate (the ratio of the number of unemployed to the number of able-bodied population) is from 1.5 to 4%.

3. stability of the price level and the stability of the national currency (it is considered achieved if inflation is 1-2% per year - "creeping")

4. external economic balance (the more high level development is characterized by the country's economy, the more susceptible it becomes for foreign economic relations).

Thus, the economic policy of the state is, first of all, a fairly wide range of goals, between which there is a hierarchical subordination. AT modern theory this system of goals is called the "pyramid of goals".

With regard to the conditions of Kazakhstan, the sequence of achieving goals may differ from Western countries due to the lack of maturity of market relations. At present, the government proceeds from the need for socio-economic stabilization and sustainable economic growth, which will allow our republic to enter the ranks of 50 competitive world powers.

1.3 Subjects and objects of the EGR

The solution of the above goals is only within the power of the state itself, and only it is the guarantor and bearer of the interests of the whole society. Therefore, the main and only subject of state regulation is the state represented by its administrative bodies.

In a broad sense, the objects of regulation are the entire national economy, together with all its branches and spheres, and all the economic processes taking place in it. However, each specific historical stage in the movement of the economy shows its “weak links” or “bottlenecks”, which can act as specific objects of regulation.

Assuming a certain convention, it is possible to represent the economy both in vertical and horizontal sections. In the vertical section, industries and spheres of material and non-material production can be represented with all the variety of entities operating in them, and in the horizontal section - all economic processes and phenomena covering the entire economy - the formation and distribution of income, financial, credit, monetary processes and relations, inflation, unemployment, monopolization, investment and others. (pic 1)

Picture 1

Objects of the state survey
Economy: branches and spheres (vertical section)	Economics: economic processes and phenomena (horizontal cut)
branches of material production	employment and unemployment rate
social sphere	inflation and money circulation
defense, law and order	monopolistic tendencies and competitive environment
fundamental science	integration processes
financial sphere	foreign economic activity
regions and territories	externalities
ecological environment

The state of both "vertical" and "horizontal" objects can be determined by the action of both self-regulating market mechanisms and a system of deliberately directed state-administrative measures.

In a vertical section, a non-optimal structure of social production, increased development of some, technical and economic backwardness of other sectors, such as the social, demographic spheres, non-competitive and not providing sufficient profit, but necessary for the needs of the country, industries and industries, such as the production of public goods, can be formed. defense, law and order, science, protection of cultural monuments, etc.

In the horizontal aspect, negative consequences will also occur - uneven distribution of income, sharp differentiation of society, inflation and disorder financial system, reduction of the competitive environment, etc.

The whole difficulty of the GRE is, firstly, to find the optimal measure of the ratio of market and government levers impact on the object, while the object of regulation itself is changeable, unstable and transient; and secondly, in a timely and correct way to determine in this moving developing organism, which is the economy, that "sick and weak link" that impedes its movement, and to help it with consciously worked out state measures.

1.4 Economic functions of the state

The economic role of the state in any society is realized through a set of specific functions. Both the role of the state and the functions performed by it are different not only in different models of relations between the state and the economy, but also different within the same model, but with different specific historical conditions. different countries.

Regardless of the specifics of the economic, cultural, national-historical development of different countries in which a mixed economy is more or less successfully functioning, the economic role of the state in them can be represented by the following most important functions:

- development of economic legislation, provision of legal framework and social climate;

- Ensuring freedom of entrepreneurship;

- redistribution of income and wealth in order to provide social guarantees and protection of population groups in need of it;

- adjusting the distribution of resources in order to change the structure of the national economy in accordance with changing external and internal conditions;

- stabilization of the economy in the face of fluctuating economic conditions;

- implementation of entrepreneurial activity in areas where it is unprofitable for private capital;

- control of foreign economic activity, including the organization of the customs system;

- Ensuring environmental protection, regulation of the use of non-reproducible natural resources.

All these functions, on the one hand, are aimed at maintaining and facilitating the functioning market system, and on the other hand, the adjustment and modification of the actions of the market system, including the neutralization of its negative aspects.

Disadvantages of GRE.

The debatable and ambiguous understanding of the place and role of the state in the organization of the economic life of society is largely due to certain shortcomings identified by Russian economists in the very process of state. regulation:

- the presence of certain administrative costs for the organization and implementation of regulation;

- narrowing the scope of market relations leading to the most efficient use of production resources;

- Violation of the principles of market establishment of links between economic entities.

Similar Documents

Goals, instruments, transmission mechanism and types of monetary policy. Keynesian and monetarist approaches to monetary policy. Peculiarities and effectiveness of the monetary policy of the Republic of Belarus in the context of economic reform.

term paper, added 12/02/2010


The essence, goals and instruments of the state's monetary policy. The system of state regulation of the economy. Study of directions for the implementation of monetary policy in the economy of the Republic of Belarus and development of ways to improve it.

term paper, added 01/27/2014


Theoretical aspects of the emergence and development of economic policy. State regulation of the economy as a sphere of application of economic policy. Goals and principles of the fiscal, budgetary, credit and financial economic policy of the state.

term paper, added 10/26/2010


The influence of monetary policy and its instruments on the state of the economy. The National Bank of the Republic of Belarus as a Conductor of Monetary Policy. Ensuring sustainable economic growth, employment levels, stability of domestic prices.

term paper, added 04/11/2014


Tools of state regulation of the economy aimed at stabilizing the entire economic system to changing market conditions. Leading instruments used by the government for regulation. The main directions of monetary policy.

thesis, added 05/24/2015


Essence, subjects, tools and goals of monetary policy. Politics of "expensive" and "cheap" money. Economic growth, its factors and indicators. Government influence on economic growth. Directions and methods of antimonopoly regulation.

test, added 03/05/2011


Characteristics of the state anti-inflationary policy in Russia for present stage development. Analysis of the key functions of wages in market conditions. The study of the main tasks of the Central Bank in the implementation of monetary regulation.

control work, added 11/03/2012


Development and analysis of economically sound proposals for improving the financial and economic policy of the state. Theoretical aspects of financial and credit methods of economic regulation, the essence and instruments of financial and credit policy.

term paper, added 10/27/2010


State regulation of the economy is a system of measures of state influence on all aspects of economic life in order to achieve sustainable development. State intervention can be direct and indirect, depending on the current state of the economy.

lecture, added 01/09/2009


Essence, types and indicators, goals of economic growth, state regulation. Economic growth as the growth of real GDP per capita. direct and indirect economic regulation. Features of modern economic growth in Russia.