In which subject of the Russian Federation is it better to live an essay. Interesting about everything related to everyday life

Since ancient times, people have been interested in how someone lives. They strive to show the dignity of their lives and prove that their native land is the best. Competitions are held around the world, and ratings of cities and living conditions are compiled annually. Similar studies are also being carried out in Russia. Competitions are held for an objective assessment of the standard of living and an objective rating. All this is done in order to find out which city in Russia is better to live in.

Best city to live

Not so long ago, a project was launched to study the quality of life of the population. Sociologists of the Financial University under the Government of Russia are conducting a study in thirty-eight settlements to rank the best cities based on living standards. For a qualitative assessment, it was decided to assign points calculated using coefficients. There are three approaches to summing up.

Where do they get more, better treat and teach?

The first approach implies that the quality of life is primarily high level well-being of citizens who have equal access to education and quality medical services. Accordingly, to form the first coefficient, the following are measured:

the level of material security;
providing medical services that meet modern standards;
equal access to education, real opportunity get this education, not just a document.

The calculations were made taking into account Rosstat data, which can be viewed on the official website. A large number of surveys were also conducted in order to obtain information on points of interest locally. An index is assigned to each of the three indicators studied, its weight is determined, and then the total value for the city is derived from the average sum of the three indices.

Factors affecting the score

For example, the level of well-being was determined by such indicators as:

average monthly salary;
opportunity to buy a new car.

By a wide margin, of course, Moscow is in the lead here, the incomes of its residents are incomparably higher than those of the outsiders of Barnaul, Sevastopol and Volgograd. After Moscow come Vladivostok, Krasnoyarsk and Yekaterinburg.

Medical services were evaluated:

in relation to the number of deaths to the number of pensioners;
by how satisfied residents are with the quality of services;
by the number of people with low incomes using paid services.

Moscow again ranks first among all cities, followed by the second capital, St. Petersburg, then Naberezhnye Chelny and Tyumen. Tolyatti, Irkutsk, Grozny and Sevastopol became anti-leaders.

The availability of education and its level were assessed by the following factors:

the number of children provided with places in kindergartens;
the level of salaries of employees of educational institutions in relation to the level of the average salary in the city;
the number of residents who believe good level education in their city.

The city of St. Petersburg ranks first in this indicator, followed by Tomsk, Tyumen and Chelyabinsk. Lipetsk, Naberezhnye Chelny, Tolyatti and Makhachkala close the list.

According to the calculations, applying the first approach, we can conclude that the best city to live in Russia is Moscow, the rest are arranged in the following order:

Moscow.
St. Petersburg.
Tyumen.
Yekaterinburg.
Krasnoyarsk.
…

36. Tolyatti.
35. Lipetsk.
37. Makhachkala.
38. Sevastopol.

Where are the best houses, roads and parks?

For the second approach, factors were chosen that affect the convenience of life in a particular city. How well is it landscaped, what is the quality of the roads and walking paths, how often is the housing renovated, and what is the condition housing stock. All these are important issues in our life. For efficient assessment, these factors were also divided into three groups. Housing stock, landscaping and roads.

Calculations were carried out similarly to the previous approach, based on objective and subjective indicators.

Urban Housing and Quality Improvement Work housing stock evaluated on:

the number of dilapidated and dilapidated housing;
satisfaction of residents with the services provided by housing and communal services, and the condition of houses.

Here in the first positions were: Naberezhnye Chelny, Grozny, Tyumen and Moscow. The lowest quality of the housing stock and the low level of housing and communal services turned out to be in Samara, Saratov, Sevastopol and Makhachkala.

Only the votes of the surveyed residents influenced the assessment of the urban amenities. The largest number there were happy people in Grozny, Kazan, Tyumen and Naberezhnye Chelny. The most dissatisfied residents were in Tolyatti, Omsk, Volgograd and Makhachkala.

The biggest trouble in Russia, according to the proverb, is the roads. This criterion was assessed by the number of transport routes that do not meet the standards, and by the number of residents who are satisfied with the road infrastructure of their city. The cities of Tyumen, Naberezhnye Chelny, Novokuznetsk and Grozny took the first places in the ranking. The last places were taken by Omsk, Perm, Ryazan and Yaroslavl.

Summing up the results of the study on the second approach, you can make a rating:

Tyumen.
Grozny.
Kazan.
Moscow.
...

34. Omsk.
35. Astrakhan.
36. Saratov.
37. Makhachkala.
38. Volgograd.

Where is everyone going?

The best cities of Russia have always been attractive to the inhabitants of our country. The possibility of development and career growth, a higher standard of living and access to education and medicine - this is what pushes people to change their place of residence. The indicators of population migration clearly show where they want to go to live in order to get better.

The third study assessed indicators of the balance of migration in relation to the number of inhabitants, the number of citizens who want to leave their city, and their satisfaction with their lives.

Krasnodar.
Kazan.
Tyumen.
Grozny.
…

34. Saratov.
35. Novokuznetsk.
36. Omsk.
37. Tolyatti.
38. Volgograd.

Competition Winners

Who became the winner? So, according to the results of 2015, based on a study of three approaches, the rating of the best cities in Russia looks like this:

Tyumen.
Moscow.
Kazan.
Krasnodar.
Grozny.
…

34. Tolyatti.
35. Saratov.
36. Makhachkala.
37. Omsk.
38. Volgograd.

In a study conducted in 2014, the best cities to live in Russia are still the same. St. Petersburg was in fifth place, while Grozny did not participate in the ranking. These were the best cities in Russia for living. Rating and calculations were published in official publications.

Internet voting for the best city in Russia

Voting for the best city is a nationwide election of the most symbolic and recognizable place in our country. The purpose of this project is to increase the interest of the population in the cultural values of their small homeland and the whole country as a whole. And the city that wins the vote will undoubtedly receive an incentive for even greater economic growth and improvement in all areas of life.

Cities in the list are subject centers Russian Federation, total contenders for the victory 83. The winner receives the title of "The Best City of Russia".

Voting for your city is very simple, just go to the site and click the button. Registration is not required. But there is a limit on the number of votes from one IP address (computer, phone, tablet), it is possible to vote no more than once a day. This, of course, will not allow fraudsters to greatly influence the result, but experts do not expect especially objective results.

Sevastopol.
Khabarovsk.
Kostroma.
Penza.
Khanty-Mansiysk.
Yoshkar-Ola;
Magas.
Irkutsk.
Nalchik.

The most comfortable city in Russia

Which are the best cities in Russia, and where it is more comfortable to live, can also be suggested by the annual competition among all cities and municipalities.

This is the most objective comparison, because it covers the entire geography of our country and focuses on a large number of criteria. The city of Saransk became the repeated winner of the competition, as many as eight times. The cities of Khabarovsk and Novorossiysk won seven times. Tyumen, mentioned in the previous rating as the winner, won the competition "The most comfortable city in Russia" five times, as well as Almetyevsk and Leninogorsk.

The purpose of the competition is to stimulate the municipal authorities. As conceived by the organizer, local authorities should strive to improve the quality of life of the population. As a result of the competition, cities and towns will be identified that are most successful in this by reforming the housing and communal services sector, reducing losses and bringing the budget and business sphere to modern economic realities.

Which cities are participating?

More than 4,000 cities and urban-type settlements have participated in the competition, held throughout the country. For convenience, a classification into categories has been adopted.

The first includes cities-administrative centers, as in the "City of Russia" voting.

During the first month of the year, the participants of the competition submit a report on the work carried out to a specially formed commission, and during February the commission makes a decision and compiles a rating.

Criteria by which achievements are judged

The best cities in Russia are evaluated according to the following criteria:

implement social and economic development programs in the best possible way and in full;
perform the specified volumes of construction and overhaul of the housing stock;
have a positive trend in the improvement of residential buildings;
carry out overhaul road surfaces and laying new roads, sidewalks and storm sewers;
ensure road safety and an appropriate level of transport services;
landscaping and ennobling the territory of the city;
take measures to culturalize the population and preserve the historical, cultural and natural heritage;
replace old ones engineering structures and keep them in good condition;
reduce the number of unfinished construction square meters housing.

Also included in the competition are:

availability of car garages and parking lots;
the appearance of the city, compliance with the general style of new buildings;
completeness of the architectural composition of the facades;
maintaining cleanliness in the city;
the level of ecology and its maintenance.

Prizes for the winners

Participants of the competition, who won first, second and third prizes, are awarded commemorative diplomas and cash awards. The funds received as a bonus are spent on the development of the municipal economy (90%) and on bonuses to employees of enterprises who have shown high results, which influenced the level of improvement. Participation in the competition, in fact, is accepted by the whole of Russia.

What is the best city?

What is the result? Who is the winner? Based on research, competitions and voting, you can find out which is the best city in Russia:

Tyumen.
Moscow.
Kazan.
Krasnodar.
St. Petersburg.
Chelyabinsk.
Yekaterinburg.
Krasnoyarsk.
Novosibirsk.
Orenburg.

Summarizing

In Russia, there are several major competitions to determine the best city, and each of them takes into account different criteria. Undoubtedly, the satisfaction of residents is one of the most significant indicators, however, it should be noted that surveys are conducted selectively and do not cover all segments of the population. Where it is good for one person with a high income, it can be difficult for another with an average income. This factor should also be taken into account when deciding to move, for example.

And, of course, every city in our vast country has its own unusual, unique atmosphere that can make you happy. The best city is the one in which a person lives well. And it depends on many factors, including personal ones.

The cheapest food is in the Kursk region. Here, according to Rosstat, the minimum monthly set of products will cost only 2245.5 rubles.

It includes bread, flour, eggs, milk, sugar, vegetables and fruits. In kilograms, all this is laid down “not from the belly”, of course, but for comparing situations in the regions, the picture is quite voluminous. Although for a long time on such soldering you will not last.

On average, you can feed yourself at a minimum in our country for 2871.5 rubles. It turns out that our citizens spend on average less than 10 percent of their income on the minimum wage, since the total figure for nominal wages in the country did not quite reach 30 thousand rubles. And amounted to 29,960 rubles at the end of 2013.

More detailed statistics can be found on pages 24 and 25, where "RG" today prints "Main indicators of the socio-economic situation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2013".

In Moscow, for example, spending less than 3,408 rubles on food is impossible. This is the most expensive minimum food package in December 2013 in Central federal district. overall leader in low prices the monthly set of products was the Volga Federal District with an indicator of 2598.5 rubles.

The cheapest way to feed there was in Saratov region- 2310.3 rubles. The most “expensive” region in terms of products in the district was the Perm Territory with an indicator of 2792.1 rubles.

The most expensive place to buy food turned out to be in the Far Eastern Federal District. The minimum monthly set of food there was 4243 rubles. All price records both in the district and in Russia as a whole were broken by the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. In this region, it is impossible to buy a monthly food package cheaper than 7,694.4 rubles. In second place is the Magadan region with an indicator of 5455 rubles.

Together with the highest prices for food, the Far Eastern Federal District holds the first place in terms of wages - 37 thousand 537 rubles. The Chukotka Autonomous Okrug has also set a record here: with an average monthly salary of 70,191 rubles, which is the highest in Russia. Residents of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug also receive quite well - 69,439 rubles, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug - 62,570 rubles, and the Tyumen Region - 51,016 rubles. Traditionally, salaries are above average in Moscow and the Moscow region - 56,262 rubles and 35,941 rubles, respectively. In St. Petersburg, they are at the level of 37,594 rubles. The very same low salaries in Russia in the North Caucasian Federal District. Their minimum level in the Republic of Dagestan is 17,135 rubles.

But salaries themselves are only half the battle. They must be released on time. The fewest problems with this are in Bashkortostan. Over the past year, overdue wage arrears fell by 95.7 percent in the republic. On the first day of the new year, employers throughout the region owed people 2.3 million rubles. The highest arrears in Leningrad region, where in 2013 it increased by 62 times. True, the nominal level of debt to employees cannot be called ultra-high - 35.6 million rubles for the entire region.

In general, our regions have a margin of safety. But you can’t relax, because there are enough risks, experts interviewed by RG warn. And the most important is economic stagnation. Still, the economic growth rates slowed down to 1.8 percent, the industry slowed down, income tax revenues collected in the regions decreased by 13 percent ... These negative trends matured in the regions throughout 2013 and spilled over into 2014.

Director regional program Independent Institute social policy Natalya Zubarevich believes that in connection with these conditions, the most difficult problem that awaits the vast majority of regions is a budget deficit of more than 10 percent. And the financial situation in the country is tense - the total amount of debts accumulated by regions and municipalities as of January 2014 reached 2 trillion rubles. This is more than the federal transfers cut to 1.5 trillion for 2014, Zubarevich said. The diagnosis that she puts is the imbalance of budgets, the strengthening of their subsidization. According to the expert, hopes for investments from abroad in the conditions of an unstable political situation are minimal. Therefore, it will be money federal budget, which in turn depend on oil revenue and global conditions.

However, it should be recalled that following the results of 2012, Russia ranked 3rd in terms of foreign investment with an indicator of 94 billion dollars. “And if earlier Moscow and St. Petersburg were the “cores of attraction”, now the number of subjects where entrepreneurs from other countries come is growing,” says the first vice president of the All-Russian public organization"Russian Union of Engineers" Ivan Andrievsky. According to him, now foreign investors eyeing Siberia and the Far East.

Aleksei Altyntsev, deputy director of the Institute for Public Finance Reform, warns that "the salaries of doctors, librarians, and researchers in almost all regions are usually below the average for the economy." But they are especially different in rich oil and gas regions, where industries with high added value are developed.

"The happy staff of these thriving businesses are paid high salaries, unrelated to local budgets. How to equalize the salaries of local state employees in the face of a slowdown economic growth is one of the most pressing issues for the leaders of the regions,” Altyntsev states. However, paradoxically, he draws attention to a bright spot - a sharp depreciation of the ruble in the first two months of 2014. "It can help regional budgets. First, the export potential and profitability of export-oriented industries are increasing. Secondly, import substitution is taking place in the economy, in which our industry is very interested today,” he says. “Any positive shifts in production mean an increase in income tax collection. But this is subject to the condition that it is possible to restrain the growth of inflation and the further weakening of the ruble,” Altyntsev clarifies. And also with favorable prices for oil and metals. “The situation is so volatile that in the event of a sharp decline in prices, the regions “sharpened” for the development of these industries will also have a hard time - there is practically no free income and room for flexible budget maneuver. But what, in terms of basic factors Russian market very attractive for capital and stock investments, for investments in fixed assets, this is undoubtedly even against the backdrop of the current political crisis.

Employment, a steady growth in consumption, an increase in sales volumes are, as a rule, also one of the main indicators of a healthy socio-economic climate in the country. They accelerate the economy, saturate the budget with income taxes. However, Sergei Smirnov, director of the Institute for Social Policy and Socio-Economic Programs, draws attention to the fact that, no matter how successful recent years The Kaluga region has no car assembly plants, but its proactive authorities will have to think about how to live on and where to get money if general demand cars will decline. And there is such a risk even though our car market is one of the largest in Europe.

“Russian regions are part of the whole, so they cannot differentiate very sharply and strongly in terms of economic and social indicators, give explosive growth gross product, as they repeat the trends that have developed in the economy as a whole, ”says Smirnov, recalling that the top five in the rating remain practically unchanged: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, Tyumen region, Moscow region. The high positions of these subjects of the Russian Federation do not cause any surprise, since they are the richest in the country. But even Moscow, the leader in terms of the number of employed able-bodied population, in the crisis year of 2009, showed a drop in consumer demand for the most popular services, thereby reducing budget revenues from them.

Meanwhile, Smirnov believes that the regions are still able to avoid such risks when diversifying their economies, focusing on the development of processing and technologies.

For example, he cites not only St. Petersburg, where today not only real sector but also transport and tourism. An interesting phenomenon is shown by the Voronezh and Belgorod regions, other large Russian cities, where the market for housing renovation, summer cottage, estate construction is being developed by people from the indigenous regions of Russia at their place of residence, and not guest workers. “These are stable, stable markets that have a positive effect on income of the population, budgets, regional economies,” says Smirnov.

According to the expert, Yaroslavl has gone away from the “mono-economy” and diversified. “There is also tire production, which is always in demand, there is oil refining, tourism is booming, and thanks to private initiatives,” Smirnov explains. However, the economist clarifies, many regions have that “base” through which it is difficult to break through.

to: Where is it better to live in Russia
The cheapest food is in the Kursk region. Here, according to Rosstat, the minimum monthly set of products will cost only 2245.5 rubles.

It includes bread, flour, eggs, milk, sugar, vegetables and fruits. In kilograms, all this is laid down "not from the belly", of course, but for comparing situations in the regions, the picture is quite voluminous. Although for a long time on such soldering you will not last.

Russians began to spend less on food

More detailed statistics can be found on pages 24 and 25, where "RG" today prints "Main indicators of the socio-economic situation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2013".

In Moscow, for example, spending less than 3,408 rubles on food is impossible. This is the most expensive minimum food package in December 2013 in the Central Federal District. The overall leader in terms of low prices for a monthly set of products was the Volga Federal District with an indicator of 2598.5 rubles.

Some methodological clarifications
Data of operational reporting are given, which can be further refined.

The production index is a relative indicator that characterizes the change in the scale of production in the periods being compared. There are individual and composite production indices. Individual indices reflect the change in the output of one product and are calculated as the ratio of production volumes of this type of product in physical terms in the periods being compared. The composite production index characterizes the cumulative changes in all types of products and reflects the change in the value created in the production process as a result of changes only in the physical volume of manufactured products. To calculate the composite production index, individual indices for specific types of products are gradually aggregated into indices by type of activity, subgroups, groups, subclasses, classes, subsections and sections of OKVED. Index industrial production- aggregated index of production by types of activity "Extraction of minerals", "Manufacturing", "Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water". For the Russian Federation, the data are adjusted for informal activities.
From January 1, 2014, the Federal Service state statistics made the transition in the calculation of production indices to the new 2010 base year. From 2010 to 2013, 2008 was used as the base year.
In accordance with international requirements and the current practice of national statistical services, a retrospective recalculation of production indices for 2010-2013, which is mandatory upon transition to a new base year, has been carried out.
The retrospective recalculation was carried out on the basis of updated data on the production of goods and services, formed in accordance with the Regulations for the development and publication of data on the production of mining, manufacturing industries, production and distribution of electricity, gas and water, approved by Rosstat and the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia in June 2009, and taking into account the results of continuous monitoring of the activities of small and medium-sized businesses in 2010.

The volume of work performed by type of activity "Construction" is construction works performed by organizations on their own on the basis of agreements and (or) contracts concluded with customers. The cost of these works includes works on the construction of new facilities, capital and current repairs, reconstruction, modernization of residential and non-residential buildings and engineering structures.
Summary results for the Russian Federation include at the federal level the amount of work not observed by direct statistical methods and not distributed among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
The index of the physical volume of work performed by the type of activity "Construction" is a relative indicator characterizing the change in the volume of work in the compared periods in comparable prices.
turnover retail- represents the proceeds from the sale of goods to the public for personal consumption or use in the household for cash or paid for credit cards, settlement checks of banks, on transfers from depositors' accounts, on behalf of an individual without opening an account, through payment cards. Cost of goods sold (released) certain categories population at a discount or fully paid by the authorities social protection, is included in the retail trade turnover in full. Retail trade turnover does not include the cost of goods sold (released) from retail stores. trading network legal entities (including organizations social sphere, special consumers, etc.) and individual entrepreneurs, as well as the turnover of public catering.
The retail trade turnover includes data both for organizations for which this activity is the main one, and for organizations of other types of activity that sell goods of their own production to the population through trade establishments that are on their balance sheet, or with payment through their cash desk. The retail trade turnover also includes the sale of goods by individual entrepreneurs, individuals in retail markets and fairs.

The retail trade turnover is formed according to the data of a complete federal statistical observation of organizations that are not small businesses, a sample survey of small retail trade enterprises (with the exception of micro-enterprises), which are conducted on a monthly basis, as well as quarterly sample surveys of retail markets, annual sample surveys of individual entrepreneurs and micro-enterprises with the dissemination of the obtained data to the general population of objects of observation. In addition, in accordance with the requirements of the system of national accounts, this indicator is calculated on the volume of activities not observed by direct statistical methods.
The volume index of retail trade turnover is a relative indicator that characterizes the change in retail trade turnover in comparable periods in comparable prices.

Volume paid services population is monetary equivalent volume of services rendered by residents Russian economy(legal entities, citizens engaged in entrepreneurial activity without forming a legal entity, registered in the territory of the Russian Federation) to citizens of the Russian Federation, as well as citizens of other states (non-residents) consuming certain services in the territory of the Russian Federation. This indicator is formed on the basis of data from the forms of federal statistical observation and assessment of hidden and informal activities in the services market according to the approved methodology.
The dynamics of the volume of paid services is characterized by the index of physical volume, calculated by comparing its value for the reporting and base periods in comparable prices.

Investments in fixed capital - a set of costs aimed at the construction, reconstruction (including expansion and modernization) of facilities that lead to an increase in their initial cost, the purchase of machinery, equipment, Vehicle, production and household inventory, for the formation of a working, productive and breeding herd, planting and growing perennial crops.
The data for the Russian Federation as a whole include the costs of centralized acquisition of machinery, equipment, vehicles not included in construction estimates, as well as clarification at the federal level of the volume of investments that are not observed by direct statistical methods, without distribution by constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
The index of the physical volume of investments in fixed capital is a relative indicator that characterizes the change in the volume of investments in the compared periods. Calculated at comparable prices.

Foreign investments in the Russian economy - capital investments by foreign investors, as well as foreign branches of Russian legal entities to objects of entrepreneurial activity in the territory of Russia in order to generate income. Investments are divided into direct, portfolio and other. Data are given for organizations that submitted statistical reporting, excluding organs monetary regulation, commercial banks, including ruble receipts converted into US dollars.
Production index Agriculture- a relative indicator that characterizes the change in the volume of agricultural production by all agricultural producers (agricultural organizations, peasant (farmer) farms, individual entrepreneurs, population) in the compared periods. The composite production index characterizes the cumulative changes in the production of all types of crop and livestock products as a result of changes only in the physical volume of production.

The total area of residential buildings is determined as the sum of the areas of all parts of residential premises, including the area of auxiliary premises intended to meet citizens' domestic and other needs related to their living in residential premises, the areas of loggias, balconies, verandas, terraces, calculated with appropriate reduction factors , as well as residential and utility rooms in individual residential buildings. Auxiliary use premises include kitchens, anterooms, halls, intra-apartment corridors, bathrooms or showers, toilets, pantries or utility built-in wardrobes. In nursing homes for the elderly and disabled, veterans, special homes for single elderly, orphanages, utility rooms include canteens, canteens, clubs, reading rooms, gyms, reception centers for consumer services and medical care.

The cost of a fixed set of consumer goods and services for inter-regional comparisons of the purchasing power of the population is calculated on the basis of single consumption volumes, as well as average prices in Russia and its subjects. The set includes 83 items of goods and services, including 30 types of food products, 41 types of non-food products and 12 types of services. Data on the cost of the kit are given per month.

The cost of the minimum food basket is based on the minimum food basket for a man of working age (given in methodological recommendations on the definition of the consumer basket for the main socio-demographic groups of the population as a whole in the Russian Federation and in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as amended by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 17, 1999 N 192). The indicator reflects the inter-regional differentiation of consumer price levels and is not a constituent element of the value living wage determined in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which is explained by the difference in methodological approaches in their formation. When calculating the cost of the minimum set of food products for the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, uniform (established in general for the Russian Federation) minimum consumption volumes are used, while when calculating the subsistence minimum, the volumes formed on the basis of zoning of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, depending on factors influencing the characteristics of food consumption. Data on the cost of the kit are given per month.

Consumer price index - characterizes the change over time general level prices and tariffs for goods and services purchased by the population for non-industrial consumption. Measures the ratio of the cost of a fixed set of goods and services in prices current period to its value in the prices of the previous period.
The consumer price index in 2013 was calculated on the basis of the registration of prices for 508 types of goods (services) representatives and is carried out on the 21st - 25th day of each month in almost 62 thousand trade and service organizations in 271 cities on the territory of all constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Price index for primary and secondary markets housing are calculated on the basis of registered prices for newly built apartments and for apartments in the functioning housing stock, owned, if they are the objects of commission market transactions. The table provides preliminary data.
Observation is carried out on a selective range of organizations engaged in real estate transactions in the territorial centers and individual cities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. When registering prices for apartments, their quantitative and qualitative characteristics are taken into account. Average prices in the Russian Federation are calculated from the average prices prevailing in its constituent entities. As weights, data on the number of sold total area apartments separately in the primary and secondary housing markets, accumulated over the previous year.

The average monthly nominal accrued wages for the period is calculated by dividing the fund accrued wages workers on average headcount employees and the number of months in the period. The payroll includes accrued amounts in cash and non-monetary forms for hours worked and not worked, additional payments and allowances, bonuses and one-time incentives, compensation payments related to the mode of work and working conditions, as well as payment for meals and accommodation, which is systematic.

The real accrued wage characterizes purchasing power wages in reporting period due to price changes consumer goods and services compared to the base period. To do this, the index of real accrued wages is calculated by dividing the index of nominal accrued wages by the consumer price index for the same time period.

Data on average monthly accrued wages are preliminary.

Real monetary incomes of the population - characterize the change in the monetary incomes of the population in the compared periods in comparable prices (adjusted for the consumer price index). Cash income of the population include the income of persons engaged in entrepreneurial activities, paid wages (accrued wages adjusted for changes in debt) of employees, pensions, allowances, scholarships and other social payments, property income in the form of interest on deposits, securities, dividends and other income.

Wage arrears are considered to be the amounts of wages actually accrued to employees, but not paid within the period established collective agreement or an agreement for settlement and cash services concluded with the bank. The number of days of delay is counted from the next day after the expiration of this period.

Unemployed (in accordance with the standards International Organization Labor - ILO) - persons at the age established for measurement economic activity population who, during the period under review, simultaneously met the following criteria:
did not have a job (profitable occupation);

engaged in job search, i.e. applied to the state or commercial employment service, used or placed advertisements in the press, directly contacted the administration of the organization or the employer, used personal connections or took steps to start their own business (search for land, buildings, machinery and equipment, raw materials, financial resources, applying for permits, licenses, etc.);
were ready to start work during the survey week.
Students in educational institutions, pensioners and persons with disabilities were counted as unemployed if they were unemployed, looking for work and ready to start.
Information on the total number of unemployed is given according to the sample survey of the population on employment problems. The ratio of the number of unemployed to the number of economically active population (employed and unemployed), calculated as a percentage, characterizes the level of unemployment.

The unemployed, registered in state institutions of the employment service of the population - able-bodied citizens who do not have work and earnings (labor income), living in the territory of the Russian Federation, registered in state institutions of the employment service at the place of residence in order to find a suitable job, job seekers and ready to get started. Information on the number of unemployed who have received official status in state institutions of the employment service is being developed Federal Service on labor and employment.

The need of employers for workers, declared in state institutions employment services - the number of vacancies (required workers) reported by employers to state institutions of the employment service.

Information about births and deaths is obtained on the basis of a statistical analysis of the data contained in the records of births and deaths compiled by the civil registry offices. Only those born alive are included in the number of births.

The natural movement of the population is a generalized name for the totality of births and deaths that change the population in the so-called natural way. To natural movement The population also includes marriages and divorces, although they do not change the population, but are counted in the same order as births and deaths.
Preliminary indicators are given based on monthly registration data for January-December of the corresponding year.

Data on population migration were obtained as a result of the development of documents for statistical registration of arrivals and departures received from the territorial bodies of the Federal Migration Service. Statistical records of migrants are compiled when registering and deregistering the population at the place of residence, as well as (since 2011) when registering at the place of stay for a period of 9 months or more. Deregistration is carried out automatically in the process of electronic processing of data on migration of the population when moving within the Russian Federation, as well as after the expiration of the period of stay with migrants, regardless of the place of previous residence.

For 2013, preliminary data for January-December are given.
The subsistence minimum is a cost estimate of the consumer basket, which includes the minimum sets of food, non-food products and services necessary to maintain human health and ensure its livelihoods, as well as mandatory payments and fees. The consumer basket for the whole of the Russian Federation is established by the Federal Law of December 3, 2012 N 227-FZ "On consumer basket in the whole of the Russian Federation", in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation it is established by the legislative (representative) bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The subsistence minimum is determined quarterly and is established: in the whole of Russia - by the Government of the Russian Federation, in the constituent entities of Russia - in the manner established by law subjects of the Russian Federation.
Based on the Federal Law of December 3, 2012 N 233-FZ "On Amendments to the federal law"On the subsistence minimum in the Russian Federation" since 2013 reordered calculation of the subsistence minimum in the whole of the Russian Federation and in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In 11 subjects of the Russian Federation: Tambov region, Republic of Karelia, Leningrad region, St. Petersburg, Chechen Republic, Samara region, Altai Republic, Republic of Buryatia, Republic of Tyva, Krasnoyarsk region, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the procedure for calculating the subsistence minimum has not changed to date.

Consolidated budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation - the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation and a set of budgets of municipalities that are part of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation (excluding intergovernmental transfers between these budgets).

More detailed information on the socio-economic situation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation can be obtained in the public domain on the official website of Rosstat www.gks.ru.
Federal State Statistics Service

More detailed statistics can be found on pages 24 and 25, where "RG" today prints "Main indicators of the socio-economic situation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2013".

The cheapest food there was in the Saratov region - 2310.3 rubles. The most "expensive" region in terms of products in the district was the Perm Territory with an indicator of 2792.1 rubles.

Together with the highest prices for food, the Far Eastern Federal District holds the first place in terms of wages - 37 thousand 537 rubles. The Chukotka Autonomous Okrug has also set a record here: with an average monthly salary of 70,191 rubles, which is the highest in Russia. Residents of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug also receive quite well - 69,439 rubles, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug - 62,570 rubles, and the Tyumen Region - 51,016 rubles. Traditionally, salaries are above average in Moscow and the Moscow Region - 56,262 rubles and 35,941 rubles, respectively. In St. Petersburg, they are at the level of 37,594 rubles. The lowest salaries in Russia are in the North Caucasian Federal District. Their minimum level in the Republic of Dagestan is 17,135 rubles.

But salaries themselves are only half the battle. They must be released on time. The fewest problems with this are in Bashkortostan. Over the past year, overdue wage arrears fell by 95.7 percent in the republic. On the first day of the new year, employers throughout the region owed people 2.3 million rubles. The highest delay is in the Leningrad region, where in 2013 it increased by 62 times. True, the nominal level of debt to employees cannot be called ultra-high - 35.6 million rubles for the entire region.

Director of the regional program of the Independent Institute for Social Policy Natalya Zubarevich believes that in connection with these conditions, the most difficult problem that awaits the vast majority of regions is a budget deficit of more than 10 percent. And the financial situation in the country is tense - the total amount of debts accumulated by regions and municipalities as of January 2014 reached 2 trillion rubles. This is more than the federal transfers cut to 1.5 trillion for 2014, Zubarevich said. The diagnosis that she puts is the imbalance of budgets, the strengthening of their subsidization. According to the expert, hopes for investments from abroad in the conditions of an unstable political situation are minimal. Consequently, this will be federal budget money, which, in turn, depends on oil revenues and world conditions.

However, it should be recalled that at the end of 2012, Russia ranked third in terms of foreign investment with an indicator of $94 billion. “And if earlier Moscow and St. Petersburg were the cores of attraction, now the number of entities where entrepreneurs from other countries come is growing,” says Ivan Andrievsky, First Vice President of the all-Russian public organization Russian Union of Engineers. According to him, now foreign investors are eyeing Siberia and the Far East.

Aleksei Altyntsev, deputy director of the Institute for Public Finance Reform, warns that "the salaries of doctors, librarians, researchers in almost all regions are usually below the average for the economy." But they are especially different in rich oil and gas regions, where industries with high added value are developed.

30 thousand rubles per month - average salary in Russia has already come close to this amount

“The happy staff of these prosperous enterprises are paid high salaries that are not related to local budgets. How to equalize the salaries of local state employees in the face of a slowdown in economic growth is one of the most pressing issues for regional leaders,” Altyntsev states. However, paradoxically, he draws attention to a bright spot - a sharp depreciation of the ruble in the first two months of 2014. “It can help regional budgets. Firstly, the export potential and profitability of export-oriented industries are increasing. Secondly, import substitution is taking place in the economy, in which our industry is very interested today,” he says. “Any positive shifts in production mean an increase in the collection of income tax. But this is on condition that inflation growth and further weakening of the ruble can be contained,” Altyntsev clarifies. And also with favorable prices for oil and metals. "The situation is so volatile that in the event of a sharp decline in prices, the regions focused on the development of these industries will also have a hard time - there is practically no free income and space for flexible budgetary maneuver. But the fact that, from the point of view of basic factors, the Russian market is very attractive for capital and stock investments, for investments in fixed capital, this is undoubtedly even against the backdrop of the current political crisis.

Employment, a steady increase in consumption, and an increase in sales volumes are, as a rule, also one of the main indicators of a healthy socio-economic climate in a country. They accelerate the economy, saturate the budget with income taxes. However, the director of the Institute for Social Policy and Socio-Economic Programs, Sergei Smirnov, draws attention to the fact that no matter how successful the Kaluga region has been in recent years with car assembly plants, its proactive authorities will also have to think about how to live on and where to get money. if the overall demand for cars declines. And there is such a risk even though our car market is one of the largest in Europe.

“Russian regions are part of the whole, so they cannot differentiate very sharply and strongly in terms of economic and social indicators, give explosive growth in the gross product, as they repeat the trends that have developed in the economy as a whole,” says Smirnov, recalling that that the top five of the rating remains practically unchanged: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, Tyumen Region, Moscow Region. The high positions of these subjects of the Russian Federation do not cause any surprise, since they are the richest in the country. But even Moscow, the leader in the number of employed able-bodied population, in the crisis year of 2009, showed a drop in consumer demand for the most popular services, thereby reducing budget revenues from them.

Meanwhile, Smirnov believes that the regions are still able to avoid such risks when diversifying their economies, focusing on the development of processing and technologies.

For example, he cites not only St. Petersburg, where today not only the real sector is well developed, but also transport and tourism. An interesting phenomenon is shown by the Voronezh and Belgorod regions, other large Russian cities, where the market for housing renovation, summer cottage, estate construction is being developed by people from the indigenous regions of Russia at their place of residence, and not guest workers. "These are sustainable, stable markets that have a positive impact on the incomes of the population, budgets, and the economy of the regions," says Smirnov.

According to the expert, Yaroslavl has gone away from the "mono-economy" and diversified. “There is also tire production, which is always in demand, there is oil refining, tourism is booming, and thanks to private initiatives,” Smirnov explains. However, the economist clarifies, many regions have that "base" through which it is difficult to break through.

The salary of state employees for a luxurious life is not enough. They are often below the average for the economy.

Tatyana Zykova, Roman Markelov

The cheapest food is in the Kursk region. Here, according to Rosstat, the minimum monthly set of products will cost only 2245.5 rubles.

On average, you can feed yourself at the minimum in our country for 2871.5 rubles. It turns out that our citizens spend on average less than 10 percent of their income on the minimum wage, since the total figure for nominal wages in the country did not quite reach 30 thousand rubles. And amounted to 29,960 rubles at the end of 2013.

The cheapest food there was in the Saratov region - 2310.3 rubles. The most “expensive” region in terms of products in the district was the Perm Territory with an indicator of 2792.1 rubles.

Together with the highest prices for food, the Far Eastern Federal District holds the first place in terms of wages - 37 thousand 537 rubles. The Chukotka Autonomous Okrug has also set a record here: with an average monthly salary of 70,191 rubles, which is the highest in Russia. Residents of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug also receive quite well - 69,439 rubles, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug - 62,570 rubles, and the Tyumen Region - 51,016 rubles. Traditionally, salaries are above average in Moscow and the Moscow Region - 56,262 rubles and 35,941 rubles, respectively. In St. Petersburg, they are at the level of 37,594 rubles. The lowest salaries in Russia are in the North Caucasian Federal District. Their minimum level in the Republic of Dagestan is 17,135 rubles.

But salaries themselves are only half the battle. They must be released on time. The fewest problems with this are in Bashkortostan. Over the past year, overdue wage arrears fell by 95.7 percent in the republic. On the first day of the new year, employers throughout the region owed people 2.3 million rubles. The highest delay is in the Leningrad region, where in 2013 it increased by 62 times. True, the nominal level of debt to employees cannot be called ultra-high - 35.6 million rubles for the entire region.

However, it should be recalled that at the end of 2012, Russia ranked third in terms of foreign investment with an indicator of $94 billion. “And if earlier Moscow and St. Petersburg were the “cores of attraction”, now the number of entities where entrepreneurs from other countries come to is growing,” says Ivan Andrievsky, First Vice President of the all-Russian public organization Russian Union of Engineers. According to him, now foreign investors are eyeing Siberia and the Far East.

“The happy staff of these prosperous enterprises are paid high salaries that are not related to local budgets. How to equalize the salaries of local state employees in the context of a slowdown in economic growth is one of the most pressing issues for regional leaders,” Altyntsev states. However, paradoxically, he draws attention to a bright spot - a sharp depreciation of the ruble in the first two months of 2014. “It can help regional budgets. First, the export potential and profitability of export-oriented industries are increasing. Secondly, import substitution is taking place in the economy, in which our industry is very interested today,” he says. “Any positive shifts in production mean an increase in income tax collection. But this is on the condition that it is possible to contain the growth of inflation and the further weakening of the ruble, ”Altyntsev clarifies. And also with favorable prices for oil and metals. “The situation is so volatile that in the event of a sharp decline in prices, the regions “sharpened” for the development of these industries will also have a hard time - there is practically no free income and room for flexible budget maneuver. But the fact that, from the point of view of basic factors, the Russian market is very attractive for capital and stock investments, for investments in fixed assets, this is undoubtedly even against the backdrop of the current political crisis.

“Russian regions are part of the whole, so they cannot differentiate very sharply and strongly in terms of economic and social indicators, give explosive growth in the gross product, as they repeat the trends that have developed in the economy as a whole,” says Smirnov, recalling that that the top five of the rating remains practically unchanged: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, Tyumen Region, Moscow Region. The high positions of these subjects of the Russian Federation do not cause any surprise, since they are the richest in the country. But even Moscow, the leader in the number of employed able-bodied population, in the crisis year of 2009, showed a drop in consumer demand for the most popular services, thereby reducing budget revenues from them.

Meanwhile, Smirnov believes that the regions are still able to avoid such risks when diversifying their economies, focusing on the development of processing and technologies.

For example, he cites not only St. Petersburg, where today not only the real sector is well developed, but also transport and tourism. An interesting phenomenon is shown by the Voronezh and Belgorod regions, other large Russian cities, where the market for housing renovation, summer cottage, estate construction is being developed by people from the indigenous regions of Russia at their place of residence, and not guest workers. “These are sustainable, stable markets that have a positive effect on the incomes of the population, budgets, and the economy of the regions,” says Smirnov.