the most important hallmark financial statements, is a strict hierarchical system of generalization of accounting data.
At the lowest level - primary documents with the available, they have a lot of natural and cost indicators. accounting methods these figures are collected on the accounts analytical accounting, followed by generalization on accounts synthetic accounting. Reporting is compiled on the basis of accounting information generated using a single system current accounting in accounting accounts.
At all stages of processing incoming information, the accountant draws up reports to the interested authorities. To the tax and control and auditing authorities, off-budget funds, statistical offices, etc. organizations draw up reports in accordance with the forms and instructions approved by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation and the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Main normative document is the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 06.07.99 No. 43n “On Approval of the Accounting Regulation “Accounting Statements of an Organization” (PBU 4/99).
The order states in particular that financial statements- this is a system of indicators reflecting the property and financial position of the organization at the reporting date, as well as the financial results of its activities for reporting period. Accounting statements consist of interrelated balance sheet, income statement and explanatory notes that form a single whole. Financial statements should give a reliable and complete picture of the property and financial position organization, as well as the financial results of its activities.
highest level generalization of accounting data is the balance sheet with accompanying reporting forms, in which indicators of the lower level are synthesized.
Reporting is a method accounting, summarizing the system of indicators reflecting the property and financial position of the organization, as of the reporting date, as well as the financial results of its activities for the reporting period.
Financial statements must be reliable, complete and timely. Accounting statements are considered reliable if they are formed and compiled on the basis of the rules established by the acts of the system. regulation accounting in Russian Federation.
In order for reporting to be reliable and provide real indicators for assessing the activities of enterprises, it must meet a number of requirements:
reflect the completeness in accounting for the reporting period (from January 1 to the last day of the reporting period) of all business transactions and inventory results Money, fixed assets (funds), material assets, settlements and other balance sheet items;
· be based on a unified methodology established by the Ministry of Finance and the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation;
· Compiled according to common forms financial statements established for all organizations in this industry;
be submitted to the relevant authorities in a timely manner;
have clarity and publicity;
be processed with the help of automation and mechanization.
Forms of financial statements of the Organizations, as well as instructions on how to fill them out, are approved by the Ministry of Finance and the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Other bodies that federal laws granted the right to regulate accounting, approve, within their competence, the forms of financial statements and instructions on the procedure for filling them out that do not contradict regulatory legal acts Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation.
Types of reporting
The reporting of organizations is classified by type, frequency of compilation and degree of generalization of reporting data. Organizations are required to prepare reports based on data from all types of accounting: accounting (synthetic and analytical), statistical, operational.
According to the amount of information contained in the reports, there are internal and external reporting.
Internal reporting is necessary to obtain information about any area of activity and its compilation is caused by the needs of the enterprise itself. External reporting required for information external users:
Owners (participants, founders) - in accordance with the constituent documents;
· territorial bodies of statistics at the place of their registration;
body of state tax office;
· to other executive authorities, banks and other users (submitted in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation).
The organization must prepare financial statements for the quarter and year on an accrual basis from the beginning of the reporting year, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the quarterly financial statements are interim.
Composition of reporting
Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated January 13, 2000 No. 4n “On the Forms of Accounting Statements of an Organization”, starting with reports for 2000, establishes a list of documents included in quarterly and annual financial statements.
Interim financial statements include:
Balance sheet (form No. 1); Profit and loss statement (Form No. 2).
When compiling annual accounts in addition to the above forms, the reporting also includes:
Statement of changes in equity (Form No. 3);
Cash flow statement (Form No. 4);
Annex to balance sheet(form No. 5);
An explanatory note and an auditor's report confirming the accuracy of the organization's financial statements, if in accordance with federal laws it is subject to mandatory audit.
Each component of the financial statements must contain the following data:
the name of the constituent part;
Reporting date or reporting period for which the financial statements are prepared;
the name of the organization, including an indication of its organizational and legal form;
presentation format numbers accounting report.
An explanatory note to the annual financial statements should contain significant information about the organization, its financial position, comparability of data for the reporting and previous years, valuation methods and significant items of financial statements. AT explanatory note the facts of non-application of accounting rules in cases where they do not allow to reliably reflect the property condition and financial results of the organization's activities, with appropriate justification, should be reported. Otherwise, non-application of accounting rules is considered as an evasion from their implementation and is recognized as a violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting. In the explanatory note to the financial statements, the organization announces changes in its accounting policy for the next reporting year.
The content and forms of the balance sheet, income statement and explanations to them are applied consistently from one reporting period to another. The organization must prepare financial statements for the month, quarter and year on an accrual basis from the beginning of the reporting year, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation. At the same time, monthly and quarterly financial statements are interim.
Financial statements are prepared for the reporting year. The reporting year is the period from January 1 to December 31 inclusive. The initial reporting year for a newly created or reorganized organization is the period from the date of its state registration through December 31st. For an organization first established after October 1 - from the date of state registration to December 31 next year inclusive. For the preparation of financial statements, the reporting date is the last calendar day of the reporting period.
The financial statements of the organization should include performance indicators of branches, representative offices and other structural divisions, including allocated to separate balance sheets.
In the financial statements, data on numerical indicators are given for at least two years - the reporting and preceding the reporting year (except for the report compiled for the first reporting year).
If the data for the period preceding the reporting year are not comparable with the data for the reporting period, then the first of the named data is subject to adjustment based on the rules established by regulations. Each significant adjustment must be disclosed in an explanatory note, along with an indication of its reasons.
Financial statements are signed by the head and chief accountant (accountant) of the organization.
The responsibility of the persons who signed the financial statements is determined in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Questions for self-examination
1. What are the balance requirements?
2. What is the basis for building a balance?
3. What characterizes the balance sheet?
4. What does the balance sheet reflect?
5. On what grounds are balance sheets classified?
6. Why is balance sheet data needed?
7. Who needs financial statements and why?
8. What requirements should the financial statements meet?
9. What are the types of reporting?
10. What does the organization's financial statements consist of?
CHAPTER 10
ACCOUNTING POLICY
The term "accounting policy of an enterprise" came into use in the late 80s as a free translation into Russian of the English phrase "accountig policies" used in the standards issued by the Committee on International Accounting Standards. In 1992, this term was first enshrined in the Regulation on Accounting and Reporting in the Russian Federation, and became widespread in practice after the introduction of the first accounting standard " Accounting policy enterprises” PBU 1/94 (28.07.94 No. 100).
The requirements for accounting policies in the field of accounting and reporting are regulated by the Accounting Regulation "Accounting Policy of the Organization" PBU 1/98, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 09.12.98 No. 60n.
The Regulation establishes the basis for the formation (selection and justification) and disclosure (making public) of the accounting policies of organizations that are legal entities under the legislation of the Russian Federation (except credit institutions).
The main regulatory document regulating the composition and content of financial statements is PBU 4/99 “Accounting statements of an organization”.
Under financial statements understood one system data on the property and financial position of the organization and the results of its economic activity compiled on the basis of accounting data in accordance with established forms.
Reporting period- the period for which the organization must prepare financial statements.
Reporting date- the date on which the organization must prepare financial statements. For the preparation of financial statements, the reporting date is the last calendar day of the reporting period.
Financial statements are prepared for the reporting year. The reporting year for all organizations is calendar year(from January 1 to December 31 inclusive). The first reporting year for newly created organizations is the period from the date of their state registration to December 31 of the corresponding year, and for organizations established after October 1 - to December 31 of the next year.
Data on business transactions carried out prior to the state registration of organizations are included in their financial statements for the first reporting year. For each numerical indicator of financial statements, except for the report compiled for the first reporting period, data must be provided for at least two years - the reporting and the previous reporting ones.
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14.1. Accounting requirements
Monthly and quarterly reporting is intermediate and is compiled on an accrual basis from the beginning of the reporting year.
General requirements to the financial statements are presented in the table.
Table. Accounting requirements
Accounting financial accounting 391
The end of the table.
1. What financial statements will be considered reliable and
complete?
2. What does the materiality of information mean? Give examples.
14.2. Composition and content of financial statements
Part annual financial statements of organizations include:
Balance sheet (form No. 1);
Profit and loss statement (Form No. 2);
Statement of changes in equity (Form No. 3);
Cash flow statement (Form No. 4);
Appendix to the balance sheet (form No. 5);
Explanatory note;
The final part of the auditor's report, confirming
the reliability of the financial statements of the organization, if it
subject to mandatory audit.
Small business entities have the right not to represent annual report forms No. 3, No. 4, No. 5.
Intermediate financial statements consist of a balance sheet and a profit and loss account.
Balance sheet characterizes the financial position of the organization at the reporting date.
The balance sheet is compiled in net valuation, i.e. minus regulatory values, which are disclosed in the notes to the balance sheet and income statement. The rules for evaluating individual articles are established by the relevant
392 Financial Accounting
accounting regulations. The balance sheet items are filled in on the basis of the data of the General Ledger (or other register similar in purpose) on the balance values of the accounting accounts.
Report about incomes and material losses characterizes the financial results of the organization for the reporting period. This report consists of two main sections: “Income and expenses for ordinary species activities” and “Other income and expenses”, on the basis of which the financial result of the reporting period is calculated - net profit(lesion).
Cash flow statement compiled for the reporting year and the same period of the previous year. It should contain information about cash flows and their balances at the beginning and end of the reporting period for current, investment and financial activities.
current the activity of an organization is considered to be one that pursues profit making as the main goal or does not have profit making as such a goal in accordance with the subject and goals of the activity, i.e. production of industrial, agricultural products, construction works, sale of goods, provision of public catering services, procurement of agricultural products, delivery of property to
rent, etc.
Investment considered the activity of the organization associated with the acquisition land plots, buildings and other real estate, equipment, intangible assets and other non-current assets, as well as their sale; implementation of own construction, R&D expenses; implementation financial investments(acquisition valuable papers other organizations, including debt organizations, contributions to the authorized (reserve) capital of other organizations, granting loans to other organizations, etc.).
Financial the activity of the organization, as a result of which the size and composition of equity organizations, borrowed money(receipts from the issue of shares and bonds, obtaining loans from other organizations, repayment of borrowed funds, etc.).
Statement of changes in equity consists of two sections and help. The “Changes in equity” section indicates the balances at the beginning and end of the previous and reporting years of all components
Accounting financial accounting 393
14. Accounting statements of the organization
capital of the organization (authorized, reserve, additional, as well as retained earnings(uncovered loss)), the amount of their increase and decrease, indicating the reasons.
The "Reserves" section reflects the balances at the beginning and end of the previous and reporting year, as well as the receipt and use for the previous and reporting years for each type of reserves created by the organization.
In the section "References" are given at the beginning of the reporting year and at the end of the reporting period, the cost net assets organizations, the amount of targeted funding.
Appendix to the balance sheet is a breakdown of individual balance sheet items, explaining the presence and movement of:
Intangible assets;
Fixed assets;
Financial investments;
Accounts receivable and accounts payable;
Expenses for ordinary activities (elements for
spending), etc.
Explanatory note should disclose information related to the entity's accounting policies and provide users with additional data that is not appropriate to include in the balance sheet and income statement, but which are necessary for a realistic assessment of the financial position of the organization, its financial performance and changes in its financial position.
According to Art. 15 of the Federal Law "On Accounting" organizations are required to submit annual financial statements within 90 days after the end of the year, quarterly - within 30 days after the end of the quarter to the founders, participants in the organization or owners of its property, as well as to territorial bodies state statistics at the place of registration of the organization.
To confirm the reliability of financial statements and their compliance with accounting data, organizations are required to submit an audit report.
Mandatory audit is carried out in accordance with the Federal Law of August 7, 2001 No. 119-FZ "On audit activity».
Mandatory verification are subject to:
"open joint stock companies, regardless of the number of shareholders and size authorized capital;
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14.2. Composition and content of financial statements
Banks and others credit institutions;
Insurance organizations and mutual insurance companies;
Commodity and stock exchanges;
State off-budget funds, sources of education
the funds of which are provided for by law
by the Russian Federation, mandatory deductions made by legal
physical and natural persons (for example, Pension Fund RF);
Funds, the sources of formation of funds of which are
sya voluntary deductions of individuals and legal entities.
In addition, mandatory audit subject to economic entities (with the exception of wholly owned by the state or municipal property) with at least one of the following financial indicators their activities:
The volume of proceeds from the sale of products (works, services) for
year exceeding 500,000 times the legal
PTO RF minimum size wages;
Amounts of balance sheet assets exceeding at the end of the reporting period
year 200,000 times established by the legislation of the Russian Federation mini
low wages.
The final part of the audit report issued on the basis of the results of the mandatory audit of the financial statements must be attached to these statements.
When preparing financial statements, an organization must be guided by the requirements of PBU 7/98 “Events after the reporting date”, PBU 8/01 “Contingent facts of economic activity”, PBU 11/2000 “Information on affiliates”, PBU 12/2000 “Information by segments” , PBU 13/2000 “Accounting for State Assistance”, PBU 16/02 “Information on discontinued activities”. Devoted to reporting in accordance with all requirements of PBU tutorial Patrova V. V., Bykova V. A. “Accounting statements of the organization”.
The financial statements are open to users - founders (participants), investors, credit institutions, creditors, buyers, suppliers, etc. The organization must provide users with the opportunity to familiarize themselves with the financial statements.
In accordance with Art. 16 of the Federal Law "On Accounting", the publicity of financial statements lies in its
Accounting financial accounting 395
14. Accounting statements of the organization
publication in newspapers and magazines or distribution of brochures, booklets and other publications containing financial statements, as well as their transfer to the territorial bodies of state statistics at the place of registration of the organization for provision to interested users. Publication of financial statements is carried out no later than June 1 of the year following the reporting one.
Control questions and tasks
1. What is included in the annual and quarterly financial statements
sti?
2. In what assessment is the balance sheet drawn up?
3. Should the data of the annual financial statements be under
confirmed by the results of the inventory of assets and liabilities?
4. What characterizes the income statement?
5. What is disclosed in the explanatory note?
6. Name the report, which includes information on net shares
organization.
7. When and to whom should the accounting report be submitted?
ness?
8. Is it subject to mandatory annual audit of open
toe joint-stock company if the sum of the balance sheet assets does not exceed
does the limit set by law go up at the end of the year?
Accounting statements consist of:
- balance sheet; income statement;
- appendices to them and an explanatory note (hereinafter appendices to the balance sheet and income statement and an explanatory note are referred to as explanations to the balance sheet and income statement);
- an auditor's report confirming the reliability of the organization's financial statements, if it is subject to mandatory audit in accordance with federal laws. Interim financial statements consist of a balance sheet and a profit and loss statement, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation or by the founders (participants) of the organization.
Financial statements should give a reliable and complete picture of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position. Accounting statements formed on the basis of the rules established by regulatory acts on accounting are considered reliable and complete.
When preparing financial statements, an organization must ensure the neutrality of the information contained in it, i.e. unilateral satisfaction of the interests of some groups of users of financial statements in front of others is excluded. Information is not neutral if, through selection or presentation, it influences the decisions and judgments of users in order to achieve predetermined results or consequences.
The financial statements of the organization should include performance indicators of all branches, representative offices and other divisions (including those allocated to separate balance sheets).
When compiling the balance sheet, income statement and explanations to them, the organization is obliged to adhere to the content and form adopted by it consistently from one reporting period to another. Changing the accepted content and form of the balance sheet, income statement and explanations to them is allowed in exceptional cases, for example, when changing the type of activity. The organization shall provide justification for each such change. A material change must be disclosed in the notes to the balance sheet and income statement, along with an indication of the reasons for the change.
For each numerical indicator of financial statements, except for the report compiled for the first reporting period, data must be provided for at least two years - the reporting and the previous reporting ones. If the data for the period preceding the reporting period are incomparable with the data for the reporting period, then the former are subject to adjustment based on the rules established by regulatory acts on accounting. Each significant adjustment must be disclosed in the notes to the balance sheet and income statement, along with an indication of the reasons for this adjustment.
Articles of the balance sheet, income statement and other separate forms of financial statements, which, in accordance with the provisions of accounting, are subject to disclosure and for which there are no numerical values of assets, liabilities, income, expenses and other indicators, are crossed out (in standard forms) or are not given (in the forms developed independently and in the explanatory note).
Indicators for individual assets, liabilities, income, expenses and business transactions should be presented in the financial statements separately if they are significant and if without them interested users cannot assess the financial position of the organization or the financial results of its activities.
Indicators for certain types of assets, liabilities, income, expenses and business transactions may be presented in the balance sheet or profit and loss statement in the total amount, with disclosure in the notes to the balance sheet and profit and loss statement, if each of these indicators individually is not material. to assess the financial position of the organization or the financial results of its activities by interested users.
For the preparation of financial statements, the reporting date is the last calendar day of the reporting period.
When compiling financial statements for the reporting year, the reporting year is the calendar year from January 1 to December 31 inclusive.
The first reporting year for newly created organizations is the period from the date of their state registration to December 31 of the corresponding year, and for organizations established after October 1 - to December 31 of the next year.
Each part of the financial statements must contain the following data:
- part name;
- an indication of the reporting date or reporting period for which the financial statements are prepared;
- the name of the organization with an indication of its organizational and legal form;
- format for presenting numerical indicators of financial statements.
The financial statements are signed by the head and Chief Accountant(accountant) organization.
In organizations where accounting is maintained on a contractual basis by a specialized organization (centralized accounting) or a specialist accountant, the financial statements are signed by the head of the organization and the head of a specialized organization (centralized accounting) or by an accounting specialist.
1. Accounting credibility
The definition of the reliability of financial statements is contained in paragraph 6 of PBU 4/99 “Accounting statements of an organization” (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 06.07.99 No. 43n).
This paragraph states that accounting statements formed on the basis of the rules established by regulatory acts on accounting are considered reliable and complete.
In other words, reporting can be recognized as reliable only if, when compiling it, the organization complied with all the requirements established by the current legislation regarding the procedure for assessing, recognizing, reflecting accounting objects in accounting accounts and in reporting lines.
True, the same paragraph of PBU 4/99 contains a clause that if, when preparing financial statements, the application of the rules of PBU 4/99 does not allow you to form a reliable and complete picture of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position, then the organization in exceptional cases (for example, the nationalization of property) may deviate from these rules. Accordingly, in paragraph 37 of PBU 4/99 and in paragraph 4 of Art. 13 of the Federal Law of November 21, 1996 No. 129-FZ “On Accounting” clarifies that an organization is obliged to report in an explanatory note about the facts of non-application of accounting rules in cases where they do not allow a reliable assessment of the property condition and financial results of the organization’s activities with appropriate justification.
However, in practice, it is quite difficult to deviate from the rules, since the very wording of this “assumption” in paragraph 6 of PBU 4/99 is not flawless, since it contains a logical error. Indeed, how can compliance with the rules laid down in RAS 4/99 “may not allow the formation of a reliable representation”, if in the definition of reliability we are talking specifically about compliance with the requirements established by regulatory acts on accounting?
However, the official position is that only such reporting is considered reliable, which is compiled in accordance with all the requirements of all current accounting regulations.
Distortion of financial statements, i.e. incorrect reflection and presentation of accounting data due to violation of the established rules for its organization and maintenance, can be of two types:
1. Deliberate distortion of financial statements is the result of deliberate actions (or inaction) of the personnel of the audited economic entity. Such "mistakes" are made for selfish purposes to mislead users of financial statements.
2. Unintentional distortion of financial statements is the result of unintentional actions (or inaction) of the personnel of the audited economic entity. It can be the result of arithmetic or logical errors in accounting records, errors in calculations, oversight in the completeness of accounting, incorrect reflection in accounting of the facts of economic activity, the presence and condition of property without malicious intent.
Both intentional and unintentional misrepresentation of the financial statements can be material - that is, affecting the reliability of its financial statements to such an extent that a qualified user of its financial statements can draw erroneous conclusions or make erroneous decisions based on such statements - or immaterial.
However, there is currently no single concept of materiality. For example, according to Art. 15.11 of the Code of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses a material misrepresentation (gross violation of the rules for presenting financial statements) is a misrepresentation of any article (line) accounting form financial statements by at least 10%. And in paragraph 1 of the Guidelines on the procedure for compiling and presenting financial statements (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 22, 2003 No. 67n), in accordance with international practice, it is recommended to set the materiality threshold as an amount whose ratio to the total result of the relevant data for the reporting year is not less than 5%
2. Auditor credibility
In accordance with paragraph 3 of Art. 1 of the Federal Law of August 7, 2001 No. 119-FZ "On Auditing" the purpose of the audit is to express an opinion on the reliability of the financial (accounting) statements of the audited entities and the compliance of the accounting procedure with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
At the same time, reliability is understood as the degree of accuracy of financial (accounting) reporting data, which allows the user of these reporting, based on its data, to draw correct conclusions about the results of economic activity, financial and property status of audited entities and make informed decisions based on these conclusions.
In other words, reliability in an audit can be represented as the degree of probability (from 0% to 100%) of the omission or misstatement of reporting data that affects the ability of users to accept adequate economic decisions according to the results of the analysis of the reporting. After all, if the degree of data accuracy is measured as a percentage (i.e., absolute accuracy is 100%), then there is an inverse value to it, that is, a measure of acceptable distortion. For example, if you specify that the degree of accuracy of the data should be 95%, then the acceptable distortion will be a value of 5%.
Such a measure in the audit is called the level of materiality and serves as a guideline for making a decision on the reliability of both the financial statements as a whole and its individual indicators. Therefore, if the auditor establishes that the amount of distortions in the financial statements (or individual indicators) exceeds the accepted level of materiality, he must conclude that it is unreliable.
It is no coincidence that in paragraph 3 Federal Rule(Standard) No. 6 “Auditor’s opinion on financial (accounting) statements, we are talking about reliability in all material respects, for the assessment of which the auditor must establish the maximum allowable deviations by determining, for the purposes of the audit, the materiality of accounting indicators and financial (accounting) statements in accordance with federal rule(standard) audit activity "Materiality in audit".
There is also no single methodology for assessing the level of materiality in the audit, therefore, each audit firm must independently develop and approve its own method for determining the level of materiality as an internal standard, given that this indicator may be revised and refined at different stages of the audit.
3. Authenticity for real
So, at present, in Russia, the reliability of financial statements is made dependent on those established by law (in particular, in the accounting regulations adopted by the Ministry of Finance of Russia and Guidelines) requirements for the procedure for the preparation and content of financial statements. In other words, Russian accounting assigns the accountant the role of an executor of laws, regulations, decrees, letters and instructions and minimizes the possibility of using his professional judgment.
However, it is impossible to establish rules for all cases that arise in the practice of doing business. Therefore, it is not rules and regulations that should be decisive, but conceptual foundations and principles that make it possible to form a professional judgment about a reliable reflection of the actual situation that has developed at the enterprise in its reporting.
After all, following the rules Russian legislation, you can get unexpected results. For example, according to PBU 6/01 "Accounting for fixed assets" commercial organization may not more than once a year (at the beginning of the reporting year) revalue groups of homogeneous fixed assets at current (replacement) cost. In other words, each organization has the right to independently decide whether to revaluate its fixed assets or not, and in any case it will not violate the law.
Therefore, if the revaluation is carried out, and if the organization, in order to optimize the property tax, decides not to revaluate fixed assets at all, formally the content of the financial statements will fully comply with the requirements of the current legislation. And the auditors will have no reason to recognize the statements as unreliable in either case. Although it is clear to everyone that the balance sheet currency, and the structure of assets, and the value of net assets, and the value of many financial ratios will be different. And these indicators will be more realistic from an economic point of view if the revaluation is nevertheless carried out - after all, this is perhaps the only mechanism for taking into account the inflation factor when compiling reporting indicators in Russian system accounting.
Of course, changing the view of an accountant and an auditor on the concept of the reliability of financial statements is impossible without a corresponding change. regulatory framework regulation of accounting and auditing. For example, in accordance with IFRS, information is recognized as reliable if it truthfully reflects the economic activity of enterprises in all aspects, and also does not contain significant errors (distortions) and biased estimates. At the same time, reliability is closely associated with reliability, which, in turn, is provided by a combination of five characteristics or features: truthful presentation; dominance of essence over legal form; neutrality; discretion; completeness. And it is the fulfillment of the requirements of IFRS that makes it possible to ensure a reliable, fair presentation of information in reporting, because the provisions of IFRS are based on a generalization of the best world experience in accounting in a market economy.
Subject: Accounting Test Answers financial accounting
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Tests in the discipline "Accounting (financial) reporting"
Topic 1. The concept of accounting (financial) reporting in Russia
a) external accounting (financial) reporting;
2. What is the name of the qualitative characteristic of accounting (financial) statements, in the presence of which the statements exclude the unilateral satisfaction of the interests of some user groups over others?
b) neutrality;
3. Specify what is meant by the reporting year?
a) calendar year;
4. What type of accounting is intended for collecting initial information used in accounting, statistical and tax accounting?
a) managerial;
5. Name the document of the fourth level of the accounting and reporting regulation system in the Russian Federation:
b) the order of the head of the organization "On approval of the forms of primary accounting documents";
6. What is the quantitative value of the criterion of materiality of the information contained in the financial statements?
c) 5 or more percent of the total of the relevant data.
7. What financial information, contained in the financial statements, is significant for interested users?
a) one, the non-disclosure of which may affect the economic decisions taken by users on its basis;
8. What type of report is not included in the financial statements of organizations?
b) report of the executive body;
9. Indicate the information needs of creditors as users of the financial statements of organizations:
a) information about the ability of the organization to repay the existing debt and pay the appropriate interest on it;
10. What is the date of approval of the annual financial statements?
c) the date of its approval by the supreme management body of the organization.
11. What financial statements are considered reliable and complete?
c) the one that is formed on the basis of the rules established by regulatory acts on accounting.
12. What are the reporting forms in without fail included in the interim financial statements?
b) balance sheet, income statement;
13. Interim financial statements include:
a) monthly and quarterly reporting;
14. When should annual financial statements be submitted to users?
a) within 90 days after the end of the reporting year;
a) the period from the date of state registration legal entity until December 31 current year inclusive;
16. To what structures the organization is not obliged to provide a copy of its financial statements free of charge?
a) the state statistics body;
tax authority.
17. In what reporting form should the organization reflect the debt of insolvent debtors written off at a loss?
a) in a certificate of the presence of valuables accounted for on off-balance accounts;
18. What form of annual financial statements contains the indicator "Basic profit (loss) per share"?
b) Profit and loss statement (Form No. 2).
19. In what form of annual financial statements is disclosed information on the presence, receipt and disposal of intangible assets by their types in the assessment at historical cost?
b) in the appendix to the balance sheet (form No. 5);
20. In what form of annual financial statements is disclosed information on estimated reserves?
c) in the statement of changes in equity (Form No. 3).
21. How are events after the reporting date reflected in the financial statements?
b) by disclosing relevant information in the statement of changes in equity (Form No. 3);
22. What information for the purposes of preparing annual financial statements refers to information about affiliates?
a) data on transactions between the organization preparing financial statements and affiliated persons;
23. An event after the balance sheet date is:
a) an event that took place between the reporting date and the date of signing the financial statements for the reporting year;
24. Information on conditional facts of economic activity, the consequences of which are conditional assets, is provided:
c) in an explanatory note.
25. The conditional fact of economic activity includes:
b) guarantees, guarantees and other types of obligations issued before the reporting date in favor of third parties, the deadlines for which have not come;
26. For the purposes of accounting, affiliates are:
a) individuals- employees of the organization capable of influencing the activities of other legal entities and individuals;
27. The consequences of events after the reporting date, confirming the existence at the reporting date of economic conditions in which the organization conducted its activities:
c) measured in monetary terms, reflected in synthetic and analytical accounting as the final turnover of the reporting period before the approval of the annual financial statements and disclosed in the explanatory note.
28. Terminated activity in the financial statements is recognized on the date:
a) bringing information about the decision to terminate activities to the attention of interested legal entities and individuals;
29. What additional obligations do the organization have as a result of the recognition of part of the activity as discontinued?
c) obligations for the early repayment of all received credits and loans.
30. What is the date of recognition in the accounting of the reserve for the organization's obligations in connection with the termination of part of the activity (to cover the costs of dismissal of employees, payment of fines and penalties under business contracts, etc.):
a) the last day of the reporting year;
31. What is the frequency of submission of financial statements by public organizations (associations) that do not entrepreneurial activity and having no turnover on the sale of goods, works, services (except for retired property)?
c) once a year.
32. Which organizations are required to submit a report on intended use received funds (form No. 6)?
b) public organizations(associations) that do not carry out entrepreneurial activities and do not have turnover for the sale of goods, works, services (except for retired property);
33. What normative act contains the definition and establishes the composition of the financial statements of the organization?
c) Regulation on accounting "Accounting statements of the organization" PBU 4/99.
34. Which of the following factors determine the features of the formation of financial statements:
b) organizational and legal form of the organization;
35. Continue the statement: "The financial statements are prepared taking into account ...":
36. The reporting date for the preparation of financial statements is:
a) the last day of the reporting period
37. Select from the list the option to continue the phrase: “The financial statements include ...”
c) property, liabilities and capital of the organization as of the reporting date, as well as information about events after the reporting date and contingent facts of economic activity.
38. Non-Profit Organizations have the right not to provide as part of the annual financial statements:
b) statement of changes in equity (form No. 3), statement of cash flows (form No. 4), and Appendix to the balance sheet (form No. 5) in the absence of relevant data;
39. In what year was the International Accounting Standards Committee formed?
b) in 1973;
40. Indicate the correct name of the documents developed by the International Accounting Standards Board:
a) international standards financial statements and their interpretation;
Topic 2. Balance sheet
1. The balance of funds provided to the organization at the expense of budget sources reflected in the balance sheet as:
a) "deferred income";
c) "Additional capital".
2. Which section of the balance sheet reflects the amount of accumulated expenses for research, development and technological work?
a) "Capital and reserves";
b) "Current assets";
c) "Non-current assets".
3. What characterizes the balance sheet of the organization?
b) the financial position of the organization at the reporting date;
4. What is the main difference between the opening balance and the operating balance?
c) in the method of evaluating articles characterizing household funds organizations.
5. The balance sheet, in which there are no regulatory articles, is called:
b) net balance;
6. How many sections does the operating balance sheet include?
7. Depending on the source of compilation, the balance sheets are divided into:
a) inventory, book, general;
8. The balance sheet contains information on the financial position of the organization as of:
c) at the reporting date.
9. At what cost is depreciable property reflected in the balance sheet?
b) by residual value;
10. In what valuation are treasury shares repurchased from shareholders reflected in the balance sheet?
c) at the purchase price.
11. In what assessment is the debt on loans received by the organization reflected in the balance sheet?
b) in the amount of loans and credits actually received, taking into account interest payable as of the reporting date;
12. It is allowed to reflect in the balance sheet a “folded” account balance for accounts:
c) 09 "Delayed tax assets” and 77 “Deferred tax liabilities”
13. Which group of balance sheet items reflects the budget debt to the organization for value added tax?
14. The balance of which accounts is reflected in the balance sheet item “ Finished products and goods for resale?
b) 41 "Goods" (minus the balance of account 42 "Trade margin") and 43 "Finished products";
15. Under what article of the balance sheet should the organization reflect the balance of account 07 “Equipment for installation”?
a) "construction in progress";
16. How should be grouped accounts payable organizations in liquidation balance sheets?
b) in accordance with the order of satisfaction of creditors' claims established by law;
b) balance sheet;
18. How is the indicator of accounts receivable of buyers and customers determined in the annual balance sheet if the organization has accrued a reserve for doubtful debts?
c) based on the amount of receivables according to accounting data, reduced by the amount of the reserve.
19. On December 20, 2001, the organization received a bank loan for a period of 4 years. Under what item is the amount owed this loan should be reflected in the annual balance sheet as of December 31, 2004?
b) "Loans and credits (short-term)";
20. In the balance sheet are compared:
c) assets, liabilities and equity.
21. What accounting principle is implemented using the balance sheet?
b) property isolation;
22. The Russian standard form of the balance sheet assumes the location of assets:
b) in ascending order of liquidity (from less liquid items to more
liquid);
23. A feature of the consolidated balance sheet is:
a) inclusion in the balance sheet of data on the assets and liabilities of the organization's divisions allocated to separate balance sheets;
24. A feature of the operating balance is:
b) the presence of articles characterizing the distribution of income and expenses by periods;
25. The preparation of the annual balance sheet should be preceded by:
c) reconciliation of settlements with buyers and customers;
26. The indicator of the debt of the founders on contributions to the authorized capital of the organization is reflected in the group of articles:
a) " Accounts receivable(payments for which are expected within 12 months after the reporting date)”;
27. Balance on balance sheet 29 “Service industries and farms” is included in the balance sheet item:
c) "Costs in work in progress."
28. The balance sheet of a production cooperative includes an item:
c) Mutual fund.
29. Which balance sheet item reflects the balance of the accrued reserve for the payment of upcoming vacations of employees?
b) "Reserves for future expenses";
30. Where is the cost of goods accepted by the organization for commission reflected?
c) in a certificate of the presence of valuables accounted for on off-balance accounts.
Topic 3. Profit and loss statement
1. What normative act provides the definition of reliable and complete financial statements?
b) in the Accounting Regulations "Accounting statements of the organization" (4/99);
2. Name the source of information for determining the indicator "Non-operating income" of the income statement (form No. 2):
c) analytical accounting data on account 91/1 “Other income”.
3. Name the source of information for determining the indicator "Other operating expenses" of the income statement (form No. 2):
a) analytical accounting data on account 91/2 “Other expenses”;
4. In what assessment is the organization's revenue from the sale of goods (products, works, services) for the reporting period reflected in the income statement (form No. 2)?
b) in net valuation, except for VAT, excises and similar obligatory payments;
5. When selling other property in the line "Other operating income» the profit and loss statement (Form No. 2) reflects:
c) proceeds from the sale of property minus value added tax.
6. Income in the form of dividends to be received from other organizations in the income statement (form No. 2) is reflected in the line:
b) income from participation in other organizations;
7. Expenses in the form of interest for the use of loans provided by other organizations in the profit and loss statement (form No. 2) are reflected in the line:
a) interest payable;
8. The line "Extra-operating income" of the profit and loss statement (form No. 2) reflects:
a) profit of previous years, revealed in reporting year;
9. How is the value determined conditional flow on income tax?
a) by multiplying the accounting profit (loss) before tax by the income tax rate;
10. How is the amount of basic profit (loss) per share determined?
b) as the ratio of basic profit to the weighted average number of ordinary and preferred shares;
11. Profit and loss statement (form No. 2) does not contain characteristics:
b) changes in the equity capital of the organization for the reporting period;
12. Continue the phrase "Indicators of the income statement are formed on the basis of ...":
b) data on income and expenses recognized in accounting;
13. Profit and loss statement (form No. 2) does not include the section:
a) income and expenses from ordinary activities;
b) other income and expenses;
14. Specify the indicator included in the income statement:
a) current income tax;
15. Specify the type of income included in operating income:
a) positive exchange rate differences;
c) interest receivable.
16. Extraordinary income and related expenses may be included in the income statement in a net form if they:
c) arose as a result of the same or similar fact of economic activity, and are not significant for characterizing the financial position of the organization.
17. Net revenue from the sale of goods (products, works, services) is recognized
for the purposes of drawing up a profit and loss statement in an amount determined by
based:
b) the fact of shipment (sale), the terms of business contracts (in terms of the transfer of ownership) and the provisions of the accounting policy in terms of determining revenue for tax purposes
18. Which of the following types of events after the balance sheet date can be included in the income statement?
b) discovery after the reporting date material error in accounting or violations of the law in the implementation of the activities of the organization, which lead to the distortion of financial statements for the reporting period;
19. What indicator links the income statement and the balance sheet?
a) deferred tax assets and liabilities;
20. In what reporting form is reflected the amount of commercial expenses of the organization?
b) in the income statement (Form No. 2);
21. What cost indicator can be reflected in the line "Cost of sold goods, products, works, services"?
b) actual production cost;
22. What is the indicator of selling expenses trade organization, reflected in the line "Selling expenses" of the income statement?
a) turnover on the debit of account 90/2 “Cost of sales” and the credit of account 44 “Sales costs”;
23. What type of income and expenses of the organization is mainly disclosed in the Breakdown of individual profits and losses?
c) non-operating.
24. Profit received by the organization from participation in joint activities, admits:
b) operating income;
25. Profit and loss statement (form No. 2) is part of:
c) interim and annual financial statements.
Topic 4. Statement of cash flows
1. Cash flow statement (form No. 4) characterizes:
a) a change in the financial result of the activities of an organization that keeps records of income and expenses on a cash basis;
b) change in the financial position of the organization in the context of current, investment and financial activities;
c) change in the net assets of the organization in the context of current, investment and financial activities.
2. What type of activity, for the purposes of compiling a cash flow statement, is the receipt of cash from the sale of finished products?
a) to current activities;
3. For the purposes of the cash flow statement, what type of activity does cash flow from the sale of property, plant and equipment relate to?
4. What type of activity, for the purposes of compiling a cash flow statement, is the outflow of cash in connection with the acquisition of intangible assets?
c) to investment activity.
5. How is the amount of the item “Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents” in the statement of cash flows determined?
b) by summing up net cash from the current, investment and financial activities of the organization;
6. Name those used in international practice cash flow statement methods:
c) direct and indirect.
7. Using the direct method, a cash flow statement is prepared:
a) on the basis of data on the receipt and expenditure of funds reflected in the cash accounts;
8. With the indirect method, a cash flow statement is prepared:
c) on the basis of data from the balance sheet, profit and loss statement and appendix to the balance sheet.
9. How is the organization's net profit adjusted for the amount of depreciation charges under the indirect method of compiling a cash flow statement?
b) net profit increases by the amount of depreciation;
10. Which cash flow statement method is used in Russia?
a) straight
11. What activities are included in the cash flow statement
funds?
c) current, financial and investment activities.
12. Give the most precise definition. "The current activity is...":
a) the main activity aimed at generating income, as well as other activities of the organization that are not related to investment and financial activities;
13. Give the most precise definition. " Investment activities- this is …":
b) activities related to the acquisition (creation) of fixed assets, intangible and other non-current assets, the implementation of long-term financial investments, as well as the sale of these types of non-current assets;
14. Give the most precise definition. " Financial activities- this is …":
a) activities that lead to a change in the size and composition of the organization's own capital, borrowed funds;
15. What items of the statement of cash flows ensure its linkage with the balance sheet?
b) cash balance at the beginning and end of the reporting period;
16. What cash flows do not relate to financing activities?
c) the use of money for wages.
17. Give the most precise definition. "The indirect method of compiling a cash flow statement is...":
a) a variant of presenting the movement of cash flows in the form of a change in the values of the assets and liabilities of the organization, the change in which affects the financial result of its activities for the reporting period;
18. Cash balance at the end of the period in the Cash Flow Statement
b) always coincides with the balance sheet data at the end of the reporting period;
19. Activities in the cash flow statement are not classified:
b) as entrepreneurial;
20. Is it obligatory for the organization to submit a cash flow statement (Form No. 4) as part of interim financial statements?
Topic 5 . Consolidated and consolidated financial statements
1. How is the value of the item “Business reputation of subsidiaries” in the consolidated (consolidated) balance sheet determined?
a) as the difference between the balance sheet estimate of the parent organization's financial investments in the subsidiary and the cost estimate of the parent organization's share in the authorized capital of the subsidiary;
2. What income and expenses are not included in the consolidated (consolidated) profit and loss statement of the group when combining the financial statements of the parent organization and subsidiaries?
b) any income and expenses arising from transactions between the parent organization and subsidiaries, as well as between subsidiaries of one parent organization;
3. What data on dependent companies are included in the summary (consolidated) financial statements?
c) an indicator reflecting the value of the participation of the parent organization in the dependent company; an indicator reflecting the share of the parent organization in the profits or losses of the dependent company for the reporting period.
4. The financial statements of a subsidiary may not be included in the consolidated (consolidated) financial statements if:
c) the parent organization has acquired more than 50% of the share in the authorized capital of a subsidiary for a short-term period with a view to subsequent resale.
5. To what extent is the summary (consolidated) financial statements prepared?
a) reporting includes a consolidated balance sheet and a consolidated income statement;
6. Who signs the summary (consolidated) financial statements?
a) the head and chief accountant of the head organization;
7. Summary (consolidated) financial statements are submitted:
c) founders (participants) of the parent organization.
8. Where is the article “Business reputation of subsidiaries” located in the consolidated (consolidated) balance sheet, if the balance sheet value of the financial investments of the parent organization in the subsidiary exceeds face value shares of the parent organization in the authorized capital of the subsidiary?
c) in the section "Non-current assets".
9. Where is the item "Minority interest" in the consolidated balance sheet?
b) after the result of the section "Capital and reserves";
10. How is minority interest determined for a consolidated income statement?
a) based on the amount of retained earnings (loss) for the reporting period and the share not owned by the parent organization in the authorized capital of the subsidiary;
11. When is the summary (consolidated) financial statements prepared?
b) no later than June 30 of the year following the reporting year or within the time limits established by the constituent documents;
12. If the parent organization has only dependent companies, then the consolidated financial statements are prepared:
b) is not compiled;
13. A minority interest in the consolidated balance sheet arises:
a) when acquiring less than 100% of the capital of a subsidiary;
14. What normative act establishes the procedure for compiling consolidated reporting?
b) Regulation on accounting "Accounting statements of the organization" PBU 4/99;
15. What is the difference between consolidated financial statements and consolidated financial statements?
in) summary reporting combines reports on the parent organization and its divisions allocated to a separate balance sheet; consolidated - the parent organization and its subsidiaries and dependent companies.
16. What share of participation of the parent organization in the authorized capital (voting shares) of another organization is the basis for recognizing the latter as a subsidiary?
17. Individual reporting Which of the following organizations should be included in the consolidated financial statements?
b) subsidiaries, shares in which are acquired by the parent organization for a period exceeding one year;
18. Participation in dependent companies is reflected in the consolidated balance sheet as part of the indicator:
a) "Long-term financial investments";
19. The calculation of the actual participation of the parent organization in dependent companies can be presented as follows:
b) the sum of the value of financial investments (actual costs of acquiring a share in a dependent company) and the share of the parent organization in the financial result of the dependent company from the moment of investment (cumulative total);
20. The indicator of the minority share in retained earnings ( uncovered loss) is reflected in the following forms of consolidated financial statements:
b) in the consolidated balance sheet and income statement;
21. The indicator of the minority share in the authorized capital is reflected in the following forms of consolidated financial statements:
a) in the consolidated balance sheet;
22. The minority share in the authorized capital of a subsidiary is calculated as:
c) the product of the calculated value of the authorized capital of the subsidiary and the share of participation in the capital of the subsidiary, which does not belong to the parent organization.
23. Can the parent organization use standard forms balance sheet and income statement?
b) cannot;
c) may, with the consent of subsidiaries.
24. The indicator "Minority interest" is not reflected in the consolidated financial statements under the following conditions:
b) if the parent organization owns 100 percent of the charter capital (voting shares) of the subsidiary;
25. The consolidated financial statements disclose information on transactions between organizations that are part of a group of interdependent economic entities, except for information on the following transactions:
a) the parent organization with subsidiaries and between subsidiaries that are part of the same group of related organizations;
26. The parent organization preparing consolidated financial statements may prepare financial statements in the following format:
c) which the organization determines independently, taking into account the norms of the current legislation.
27. Specify the main users of the consolidated financial statements:
c) shareholders of the parent organization.
28. Reporting, compiled by the executive authority as a result of summing up the indicators of the financial statements of subordinate enterprises and organizations, is called:
a) consolidated;
29. The requirements for the preparation of summary (consolidated) statements of a group of related organizations do not include:
b) requirement of publicity;
30. As of what single reporting date in the Russian Federation is a consolidated (consolidated) balance sheet prepared:
Topic 6. Explanatory note - the text part of the accounting report
1. What parts do the explanations to the financial statements consist of?
b) statement of changes in capital (form No. 3), cash flow statement (form No. 4), appendix to the balance sheet (form No. 5), report on the intended use of funds received (form No. 6), explanatory note;
2. What is the main purpose of the explanatory note to the financial statements?
b) expand the capabilities of reporting users to use it to make management and investment decisions;
3. The explanatory note is not intended for:
c) disclosure of information about cash flows on current, investment and financial activities.
4. Which organizations may not submit an explanatory note as part of their financial statements?
a) public organizations (associations) that do not carry out entrepreneurial activities and do not have, except for retired property, turnover for the sale of goods (works, services);
5. What normative act most fully defines the composition of the explanatory note?
c) Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia “On Forms of Accounting Statements of Organizations” dated July 22, 2003 No. 67n.
6. Which section of the explanatory note is additional to the list of sections that ensure the implementation minimum requirements to the disclosure of information in the financial statements?
b) promising areas of research work funded by the organization;
7. What section should be included in the explanatory note only for joint-stock companies?
c) information about affiliates.
8. What is the specificity of the explanatory note to the financial statements of unitary enterprises?
b) the presence of the section "State assistance";
9. Which of the indicators listed below may not be given in the explanatory note?
a) basic and diluted earnings per share;
10. Scope of the explanatory note:
c) not regulated.
11. The accounting policy in the explanatory note is disclosed:
b) limitedly, indicating the changes applied from the next reporting year and assessing the impact of the changes effective in the reporting year compared to previous reporting periods;
12. Events that occurred after the reporting date are disclosed by the organization:
c) in the financial statements or in an explanatory note at the discretion of the organization.
13. In the explanatory note, information is presented:
a) in any convenient form;
14. The explanatory note is
c) an obligatory part of the financial statements.
15. When describing the solvency of an organization in an explanatory note, attention should be paid to:
b) the presence of overdue receivables and payables;
c) the total number of settlement accounts opened by the organization.
Topic 7. Segment reporting
1. Which organizations may not present segment information in their annual financial statements?
b) small businesses;
2. An operating or geographic segment is a reportable segment if:
a) Segment revenue from sales to external customers is at least 10% of the entity's revenue;
3. Who sets the entity's reportable segments?
a) is established by the organization independently, based on its organizational and management structure;
4. In what case is the number of allocated reportable segments considered sufficient to present information on segments in the financial statements?
b) if the reportable segments identified in the preparation of financial statements account for at least 75% of the organization's revenue;
5. Reportable segment income does not include:
a) extraordinary income;
b) revenue from operations with other segments;
c) income from the sale of fixed assets of the segment.
6. Reportable segment expenses do not include:
b) general business and other expenses related to the organization as a whole;
7. Reportable segment expenses include:
c) wages of production personnel.
8. Reportable segment liabilities do not include:
c) income tax debt to the budget.
9. Under what conditions are assets shared between two or more reportable segments allocated to those segments?
a) if income and expenses associated with the use of assets are distributed among the segments;
10. In what cases is the disclosure of information by geographical segments recognized as primary when reporting on the segments of the organization's activities?
b) if the risks and profits of the organization are determined mainly by differences in the regions of operation;
11. When choosing operating segments as segments carrying primary information, book value assets are distributed proportionally:
a) the amount of revenue (net) received from sales certain types goods (products, works, services);
12. The main purpose of segment information is to:
b) provide interested users with information that allows them to better assess the activities of the organization, the prospects for its development, exposure to risks of non-profit;
13. sufficient reason for an entity's non-reporting of segment information is that:
c) the organization does not have an expanded geography of sales of goods (products, works, services), as well as an expanded range of products.
14. An operating or geographic segment is considered to be a reportable segment if:
f) the assets of this segment amount to at least 5 percent of the total assets of all segments.
15. The reportable segments allocated in the preparation of the financial statements of the organization must account for at least:
b) 75% of the organization's revenue;
16. Can as geographical segments considered regions of the Russian Federation?
c) no more than ten.
18. The revenue (income) of the reporting segment is:
c) part of the revenue related to intra-group turnover.
19. Reportable segment expenses are:
a) assessed property tax;
20. Reportable segment liabilities do not include debt:
c) income tax.
Topic 8. Distortions in financial statements. Methods for identifying and correcting errors. The role of audit in assessing the reliability of financial statements.
1. What financial statements are considered reliable and complete?
b) formed on the basis of the rules established by regulatory acts on accounting;
2. Continue the phrase: "Falsification of financial statements is ...":
a) the use of accounting methods not stipulated by law that do not meet the current requirements for reflecting the facts of economic life;
3 What is a technical error?
b) omission of the numerical value of the indicator in the balance sheet;
4. The organization accrued depreciation for July of the fixed asset put into operation on July 2 of the reporting year and used for management needs. What accounting entry should correct the error if it is discovered after the approval of the annual financial statements? c) Dt 02 Kt 91/1.
5. accounting records for what period are corrections made to accounting if an error made in the reporting year was revealed before the signing of the annual financial statements?
c) in December of the reporting year.
6. The study of changes in accounting indicators over several reporting periods using time series is called:
a) horizontal analysis;
7. What primary document serves to draw up corrective entries?
b) accounting statement;
8. The auditor's report is:
a) an official document containing the auditor's opinion, expressed in the prescribed form, on the reliability in all material respects of the audited entity's financial statements and the compliance of the accounting procedure with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
9. In what case is the audit report included in the financial statements of the organization?
b) if it is subject to mandatory audit in accordance with federal laws;
10. When to fix accounting error additional entry used?
c) when an amount is indicated in an erroneous entry business transaction less than necessary.
Topic 9. Statistical forms of reports (on products, on labor, on the composition and movement of fixed assets, on costs)
1. Budget organizations, banks, insurance and other financial and credit institutions do not fill out the statistical reporting form:
a) form No. P-1 "Information on the production and shipment of goods and services";
2. Small businesses are required to fill out the following forms of statistical reporting:
a) only Form No. PM;
3. How can interested users receive the information contained in the statistical reporting?
a) from official publications Federal Service State statistics;
4. Section 3 “Movement of workers and proposed release” of the form statistical reporting No. P-4 "Information on the number, salary and movement of employees" is filled out:
b) increase. total since the beginning of the year;
5. Information on the status of settlements with organizations and enterprises foreign countries are given in:
c) Form No. P-3 “Information on financial condition organizations"
6. What is the frequency of submitting form No. P-1 “Information on the production and shipment of goods and services”?
a) monthly;
7. When calculating which indicator given in the form of statistical reporting No. P-4 “Information on the number, wages and the movement of workers”, does not take into account the number of persons performing work under civil law contracts? a) the payroll number of employees;
8. What indicator of the income statement (form No. 2) corresponds to the profit (loss) received by the organization, given in the form No. P-3 "Information on the financial condition of the organization"? b) profit (loss) before taxation;
9. Information on what areas of financial investments is provided in Form No. P-2 "Information on Investments"?
c) the reporting entity's investment in financial assets and third party investments in the reporting entity.
10. In what form of statistical reporting are data on the release of goods, works and services assessed at actual selling prices?
Let us know.
